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2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)最新文献

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Secure Regenerating Codes for Reducing Storage and Bootstrap Costs in Sharded Blockchains 减少分片区块链存储和引导成本的安全再生代码
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00036
Divija Swetha Gadiraju, V. Lalitha, V. Aggarwal
{"title":"Secure Regenerating Codes for Reducing Storage and Bootstrap Costs in Sharded Blockchains","authors":"Divija Swetha Gadiraju, V. Lalitha, V. Aggarwal","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00036","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is a distributed ledger with wide applications. Due to the increasing storage requirement for blockchains, the computation can be afforded by only a few miners. Sharding has been proposed to scale blockchains so that storage and transaction efficiency of the blockchain improves at the cost of security guarantee. This paper aims to consider a new protocol, Secure-Repair-Blockchain (SRB), which aims to decrease the storage cost at the miners. In addition, SRB also decreases the bootstrapping cost, which allows for new miners to easily join a sharded blockchain. In order to reduce storage, coding-theoretic techniques are used in SRB. In order to decrease the amount of data that is transferred to the new node joining a shard, the concept of exact repair secure regenerating codes is used. The proposed blockchain protocol achieves lower storage than those that do not use coding, and achieves lower bootstrapping cost as compared to the different baselines.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122620953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Blockchain 2020 Organizing Committee 区块链2020组委会
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00008
Kouichi Sakurai, Qinghua Zheng, V. Mišić, Chunhua Su, Yulei Wu, Victor C. M. Leung, W. Lou, Chonggang Wang, Xueqin Liang, Mohammad Javad Amiri, Xiaohu Chen, Yang Chen, Yu Chen, Miguel Correia, Laizhong Cui, Vanesa Daza Fernández, Angelo De Caro, Volkan Dedeoglu, Changyu Dong, Jinguang Han
{"title":"Blockchain 2020 Organizing Committee","authors":"Kouichi Sakurai, Qinghua Zheng, V. Mišić, Chunhua Su, Yulei Wu, Victor C. M. Leung, W. Lou, Chonggang Wang, Xueqin Liang, Mohammad Javad Amiri, Xiaohu Chen, Yang Chen, Yu Chen, Miguel Correia, Laizhong Cui, Vanesa Daza Fernández, Angelo De Caro, Volkan Dedeoglu, Changyu Dong, Jinguang Han","doi":"10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00008","url":null,"abstract":"Steering Committee Elisa Bertino, Purdue University, USA Jinjun Chen, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Robert H. Deng, Singapore Management University, Singapore Victor C. M. Leung, University of British Columbia, Canada Fenghua Li, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Wenjing Lou, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, USA Vijay Varadharajan, University of Newcastle, Australia Chonggang Wang, InterDigital, USA Yang Xiang, Swinburne University of Technology, Australia Zheng Yan (Chair), Xidian University, China and Aalto University, Finland Laurence T. Yang (Chair), St. Francis Xavier University, Canada Qinghua Zheng, Xi’an Jiaotong University, China Pierangela Samarati, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126443196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Proxy re-encryption for privacy enhancement in Blockchain: Carpooling use case 区块链中用于增强隐私的代理重新加密:拼车用例
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00070
Damien Zonda, Maroua Meddeb
{"title":"Proxy re-encryption for privacy enhancement in Blockchain: Carpooling use case","authors":"Damien Zonda, Maroua Meddeb","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00070","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain is an especially promising and revolutionary technology that brings transparency in a scalable way for multiple organizations and this is thanks to its several features. There are some exciting blockchain features but among them, decentralization is undoubtedly the most interesting one. Organizations can share data within a distributed ledger. As a consequence, each one can access synchronized data stored in its local Blockchain node. This functionality improves transaction tracking and facilitates access to data within a private group of organizations. However, in some cases, even if organizations accept to share data, they require to hide some private information related to their users or their business model. To tackle privacy and trust issues between organizations, this paper presents a blockchain architecture based on the proxy re-encryption scheme. This scheme is integrated within smart contracts to provide a very efficient, fast, and secure platform. The proposed architecture is implemented in an Hyperledger Blockchain and tested in a real transport and mobility use case.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126940969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Message from the Blockchain 2020 Steering Chairs 来自区块链2020指导主席的信息
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00005
K. Sakurai, L. Yang
{"title":"Message from the Blockchain 2020 Steering Chairs","authors":"K. Sakurai, L. Yang","doi":"10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00005","url":null,"abstract":"With the rapid growth in blockchain technology, the past decade has witnessed a proliferation of blockchain driven applications and an ever-increasing demand for practice of high performance blockchain systems. Blockchain has moved into the mainstream of communication, computation and storage, and has become a key technology in reshaping future research and development activities in many academic and industrial fields, especially when a solution must cope with decentralization in a distributed and untrusted environment. Blockchain-2020 is a continuous event following the great success of IEEE Blockchain 2019, held in Atlanta, USA, IEEE Blockchain 2018, held in Halifax, Canada. It aims to provide a high-profile, leading-edge forum for researchers, engineers, and practitioners to present latest advances and innovations in key theories, infrastructure, schemes, and significant applications for the blockchain, as well as to identify emerging research topics and define the future.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129026595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A tool for proving Michelson Smart Contracts in WHY3* WHY3*中证明迈克尔逊智能合约的工具
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00059
Luís Pedro Arrojado da Horta, João Santos Reis, S. Sousa, Mário Pereira
{"title":"A tool for proving Michelson Smart Contracts in WHY3*","authors":"Luís Pedro Arrojado da Horta, João Santos Reis, S. Sousa, Mário Pereira","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00059","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces a deductive verification tool for smart contracts written in Michelson, which is the low-level language of the Tezos blockchain. Our tool accepts a formally specified Michelson contract and automatically translates it to an equivalent program written in WhyML, the programming and specification language of the Why3 framework. Smart contract instructions are mapped into a corresponding WhyML shallow-embedding of the their axiomatic semantics, which we also developed in the context of this work. One major advantage of this approach is that it allows an out-of-the-box integration with the Why3 framework, namely its VCGen and the backend support for several automated theorem provers. We also discuss the use of our tool to automatically prove the correctness of diverse annotated smart contracts.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127800314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Verity: Blockchain Based Framework to Detect Insider Attacks in DBMS Verity:基于区块链的框架来检测DBMS中的内部攻击
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00012
Shubham Sahai, Medha Atre, Shubham Sharma, Rahul Gupta, S. Shukla
{"title":"Verity: Blockchain Based Framework to Detect Insider Attacks in DBMS","authors":"Shubham Sahai, Medha Atre, Shubham Sharma, Rahul Gupta, S. Shukla","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00012","url":null,"abstract":"Integrity and security of databases are maintained with access control policies and firewalls. However, insider attacks – where someone with administrative privileges tampers with the data – pose a unique challenge. In this paper, we propose Verity – first of a kind system to the best of our knowledge – to detect insider attacks in databases. Verity serves as a dataless framework by which any blockchain network can be used to store fixed-length fingerprints of tuples from any SQL database, without complete migration of the data. Verity uses a formalism for intercepting SQL queries and their results to check the respective tuples’ integrity using the fingerprints stored on the blockchain, and detect an insider attack. We have implemented our technique using Hyperledger Fabric, and SQLite database. Using TPC-H data and CRUD (Create, Read, Update, Delete) SQL queries of varying complexity and nestings, our experiments demonstrate that any overhead of tuple integrity checking remains constant per tuple in a query’s results, and scales linearly.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134614973","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Constant-Time Updates Using Token Mechanics 使用令牌机制的定时更新
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00044
Sebastian Banescu, Martin Derka, J. Gorzny, Sung-Shine Lee, Alexandr Murashkin
{"title":"Constant-Time Updates Using Token Mechanics","authors":"Sebastian Banescu, Martin Derka, J. Gorzny, Sung-Shine Lee, Alexandr Murashkin","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00044","url":null,"abstract":"Smart contracts are code fragments that automatically execute on distributed ledgers or blockchains. Smart contracts are typically executed by all block producers on a proof-of-work blockchain. As a result, smart contracts have their computational resources limited in order to prevent denial of service attacks on the blockchain, which would decrease its responsiveness, i.e. block creation throughput. Subsequently, updating values for a large number of records becomes infeasible on the scale of existing centralized services. We present a solution to this problem, when all numerical values of records need to be updated, i.e. in/de-creased proportionally. Our solution uses a mechanism similar to cryptocurrency tokens to track record values and enables constant-time updates for these values.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"140 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121958918","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
BlockConfess: Towards an Architecture for Blockchain Constraints and Forensics BlockConfess:迈向区块链约束和取证的架构
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00078
S. Kirrane, C. Di Ciccio
{"title":"BlockConfess: Towards an Architecture for Blockchain Constraints and Forensics","authors":"S. Kirrane, C. Di Ciccio","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00078","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00078","url":null,"abstract":"Although Blockchain is still an emerging technology it has the potential to serve as a general purpose information technology platform. Already, smart contract / chaincode platforms, such as Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric, provide support for the execution of arbitrary computations. However, the suitability of these platforms for specifying and enforcing data and service usage constraints (e.g., usage policies, regulatory obligations, societal norms) and providing guarantees with respect to conformance has yet to be determined. In order to address this gap, in this position paper we argue that symbolic artificial intelligence techniques in the form of semantic technology based policy languages and business process conformance tools and techniques, can together be used to provide guarantees with respect to the behaviour of autonomous smart contract / chaincode applications.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124761736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Enrichment of Blockchain Transaction Management with Semantic Triples 用语义三元组丰富区块链事务管理
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00030
K. Y. Bandara, S. Thakur, J. Breslin
{"title":"Enrichment of Blockchain Transaction Management with Semantic Triples","authors":"K. Y. Bandara, S. Thakur, J. Breslin","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00030","url":null,"abstract":"Enterprise business transactions have both public and private information; hence blockchain adaptation to an enterprise business application needs current blockchain platforms to support both public and private information. Public blockchains (permissionless) are optimized for transparency; hence the sharing of private and sensitive information is challenging. On the other hand, private blockchains (permissioned) separate information about a transaction by generating a public transaction and a set of private transactions and treat them separately. This separation weakens the cohesiveness of transaction information and develops an extra burden when it is necessary to connect both public and private information which is not duly addressed in the literature. For example, auditing, regulatory activities, certifications, and traceability need both the public and private information about transactions. This paper uses semantic triples and introduces the Triples for Transactions(T4T) model to define blockchain transactions, improve cohesiveness and resolve the extra burden of connecting both private and public transactions. This paper presents a user-driven transaction analysis, transaction modelling using the T4T model, semantic querying, and REST endpoints to enrich transaction management. Sets of semantic triples can define both public and private information about a transaction while preserving cohesiveness of the information. This approach supports point-to-point sharing of sensitive information while preserving implicit relationships between both private and public information. We have implemented an auditing scenario in the proposed approach adopting Hyperledger Fabric and compared for performance with Hyperledger Fabric. The results showed that the proposed approach reduces the number of transaction cycles by 66% compared to Hyperledger Fabric and the performance of information retrieval is in O(N). This result is a significant improvement compared to Hyperledger Fabric.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122928244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Maximizing the Time Value of Cryptocurrency in Smart Contracts with Decentralized Money Markets 在去中心化货币市场的智能合约中最大化加密货币的时间价值
2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00073
Shao-Ku Tien, Yu-Ting Wang, Yun-Zhan Cai, Meng-Hsun Tsai
{"title":"Maximizing the Time Value of Cryptocurrency in Smart Contracts with Decentralized Money Markets","authors":"Shao-Ku Tien, Yu-Ting Wang, Yun-Zhan Cai, Meng-Hsun Tsai","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00073","url":null,"abstract":"Smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain can be utilized as secure places to store cryptocurrency if they are designed carefully. However, while cryptocurrency is kept in smart contracts, such as being paid to a blockchain service, no extra profit is generated. The time value of cryptocurrency serves only as collateral, which is an issue of capital inefficiency. Therefore, we propose to maximize the time value of cryptocurrency in smart contracts by supplying it to decentralized money markets of Compound to earn supply interest. Furthermore, by utilizing the interest generated, we can mitigate the liquidity risk of Compound and thus do not diminish the flexibility of the original service much. Experiments are conducted to testify the proposed method, and the implementation cost is estimated to be 2.1 US dollars. We also discuss the potential systemic risk in the decentralized finance system.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"135 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124220426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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