2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)最新文献

{"title":"Secured Inter-Healthcare Patient Health Records Exchange Architecture","authors":"O. Ajayi, Meryem Abouali, T. Saadawi","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00066","url":null,"abstract":"The increase in cyberattacks against the healthcare system, notably Electronic Health Records (EHRs) breaches, has cost the healthcare providers more in recent years. This situation is estimated to increase in the coming years as the healthcare systems are proposing a consortium EHRs repository. In an attempt to secure these health records, researchers propose firewalls, cryptography, cloud antivirus. Although these approaches proved useful and practical in protecting EHRs; however, the shared data security cannot be guaranteed. More specifically, maintaining the integrity and consistency of shared EHRs becomes a significant concern. In this on-going research, we propose a blockchain-based solution that facilitates a scalable and secured inter-healthcare EHRs exchange. These healthcare providers maintain their records on separate blockchain networks and are independent of each other. The proposed architecture can detect and prevent malicious activities on both EHRs at rest and in transit. It can also verify the integrity and consistency of EHR requests and replies from other healthcare systems and presents them in a format that can be easily understood by different healthcare nodes. We evaluate the security analysis against frequently encounter outsider and insider threats within a healthcare system in the preliminary result. The result shows that the architecture detects and prevents insider threats from uploading compromising EHRs into the blockchain and prevents unauthorized retrieval of patient information.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129998481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"WhistleBlower: Towards A Decentralized and Open Platform for Spotting Fake News","authors":"G. Ramachandran, Daniel Nemeth, David Neville, Dimitrii Zhelezov, Ahmet Yalçin, Oliver Fohrmann, B. Krishnamachari","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00026","url":null,"abstract":"The vast majority of the population is consuming news from various digital sources, including social networking applications such as Twitter and Facebook and other online digital platforms. Such Internet platforms provide malicious entities an opportunity to spread fake news and hoaxes to mislead the population. Besides, Internet users may start to form an opinion and make certain personal or business decisions based on misinformation, leading to undesirable consequences. This paper introduces WhistleBlower, a decentralized and open platform based on the blockchain and distributed ledger technology (DLT) for spotting fake news. The key components of WhistleBlower include a fake news processing engine powered by Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, a verifiable computation engine, and a token-curated registry (TCR).WhistleBlower allows the community members to participate in the fake news identification process by running the fake news detection algorithm on their nodes, which would then be validated by a verifiable computation engine to ensure that the public nodes executed the computation honestly and correctly. Whenever a news feed is submitted to WhistleBlower for fake news assessment, it issues a genuineness score, which can then be posted along with the news article to let the newsreaders gauge its legitimacy. However, the genuineness score’s accuracy depends on the machine learning model’s effectiveness that processes the news item. To improve the machine learning algorithm’s reliability, we introduce a Token-curated registry, which enables the public and community members to challenge the algorithm used to estimate the genuineness score. TCR lets the community curate fake news detection algorithms by providing feedback to the ML/AI algorithm developers through the token-curated content moderation process. WhistleBlower is the first open and democratic fake news assessment platform that combines ML/AI, verifiable computation, and TCR to the best of our knowledge.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"403 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122779781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trusted Data Notifications from Private Blockchains#","authors":"Dushyant Behl, Palanivel A. Kodeswaran, V. Ramakrishna, Sayandeep Sen, Dhinakaran Vinayagamurthy","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00015","url":null,"abstract":"Private blockchain networks are used by enterprises to manage decentralized processes without trusted mediators and without exposing their assets publicly on an open network like Ethereum. Yet external parties that cannot join such networks may have a compelling need to be informed about certain data items on their shared ledgers along with certifications of data authenticity; e.g., a mortgage bank may need to know about the sale of a mortgaged property from a network managing property deeds. These parties are willing to compensate the networks in exchange for privately sharing information with proof of authenticity and authorization for external use. We have devised a novel and cryptographically secure protocol to effect a fair exchange between rational network members and information recipients using a public blockchain and atomic swap techniques. Using our protocol, any member of a private blockchain can atomically reveal private blockchain data with proofs in exchange for a monetary reward to an external party if and only if the external party is a valid recipient. The protocol preserves confidentiality of data for the recipient, and in addition, allows it to mount a challenge if the data turns out to be inauthentic. We also formally analyze the security and privacy of this protocol, which can be used in a wide array of practical scenarios.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"210 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116633012","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Android-based Cryptocurrency Wallets: Attacks and Countermeasures","authors":"Cong Li, Daojing He, Shihao Li, Sencun Zhu, Sammy Chan, Yao Cheng","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00010","url":null,"abstract":"The security of cryptocurrency wallets is directly related to the security of personal assets. However, due to the design defects of mobile operating system and cryptocurrency wallets, security incidents of cryptocurrency wallets occur frequently, causing irreversible losses to users’ assets or privacy. In this paper, we study the security risks of Android-based cryptocurrency wallets. We establish the adversary model, analyze the attack surface originated from the Android OS, and demonstrate several attack vectors by conducting experiments on multiple popular cryptocurrency wallets in Google Play Store. Finally, we present several security defense strategies in response to the security risks.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124674244","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance Evaluation of different Hyperledger Sawtooth transaction processors for Blockchain log storage with varying workloads","authors":"K. Moschou, Anastasia Theodouli, Sofia Terzi, K. Votis, D. Tzovaras, D. Karamitros, Sotirios Diamantopoulos","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00069","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology enables the trustless sharing of distributed ledgers among peers. Despite having valuable properties like decentralisation, and immutability of transactions, it incurs a high performance overhead as compared with traditional databases thus discouraging its further adoption. Even the usage of different transaction processors within the same Blockchain platform, namely Hyperledger Sawtooth, may result in different performance, for the same use case and the same transaction type. This paper proposes a methodology for evaluating the performance of two different transaction processors deployed in the Hyperledger Sawtooth platform. We evaluated experimentally the methodology and present the results of the experimental evaluation which may be useful to blockchain practitioners for future solution designs.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126312962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fully Decentralized Infrastructure for Subscription-based IoT Data Trading","authors":"Ching-Hua Vivian Lin, C. Huang, Yang-Hao Yuan, Z. Yuan","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00027","url":null,"abstract":"On top of subscription-based pricing models such as Software-as-a-Service (SaaS), monetizing the subscription enables the payment of data streams with data usage instead of a particular price for a fixed data set. This pricing model allows data providers to have a better vision of managing budgets and data consumers to have the flexibility to subscribe and unsubscribe. However, unlike static data collections, the streaming data increases difficulties of dynamic data ownership and identity verification. A trustless data trading infrastructure is required where the entities can trade, validate data ownership and data integrity without trusting any service or participants. In addition, an automated subscription procedure is also demanded for the sake of data monetization. In this paper, we leverage usages of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) to construct a decentralized data trading platform on top of the IoT brokered infrastructure. This approach can efficiently enhance the degree of transparency and scalability. The storage built upon cryptographic message protocols allows transmitting, accessing and validating data streams over distributed ledgers without authorities, and the digital rights of trading participants deserve a guarantee, which is enabled by design.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125446816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Message from the Blockchain 2020 General Chairs","authors":"E. Bertino, K. Sakurai, Q. Zheng","doi":"10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/blockchain50366.2020.00006","url":null,"abstract":"IEEE Blockchain-2020 conference is the third edition of the highly successful International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain). It provides a forum for engineers and scientists in academia, industry, and government to address the resulting profound challenges and to present and discuss their new ideas, research results, applications and experience on all aspects of blockchain. IEEE Blockchain-2020 is sponsored by IEEE, IEEE Computer Society, and IEEE Technical Committee on Scalable Computing (TCSC).","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"137 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125465793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitatively Analyzing Relay Networks in Bitcoin","authors":"Kai Otsuki, Ryohei Banno, Kazuyuki Shudo","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00034","url":null,"abstract":"Bitcoin’s throughput is far lower than those of centralized systems such as Visa and PayPal. To handle a comparable number of transactions, Bitcoin’s throughput must be improved, which will require a reduction in the block propagation time. Relay networks have attracted attention as a method to improve throughput. However, the nature and strength of the effects of relay networks are not yet clear. In particular, the effects on individual nodes have received little attention. Thus, this study aims to investigate the effects of relay networks on the Bitcoin network and its nodes under the current network state in approximately 2019. We simulate a relay network under the current network state because simulation is virtually the only way to obtain data for all nodes. A major contribution of this study is that it is the first to investigate the relay network effect on the 90th percentile of block propagation time. Moreover, this study shows that relay networks benefit not only the system but also the nodes utilizing them. The utilizing nodes’ blocks were more than six times more likely to be approved as valid blocks when nonutilizing and utilizing nodes generated blocks simultaneously. This finding can motivate the use of nodes in relay networks.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133506068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"TDL-Chain: An Intelligent Data Transmission Control System in Tactical Data Link Based on Blockchain","authors":"Xuetao Yang, Yafeng Li, Liang Chen, Wei Feng, Zheng Yan","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00045","url":null,"abstract":"Tactical data link (TDL) is a wireless communication system that achieves instant, accurate, automatic, and secure data transmission in military scenarios. It greatly reduces the time of Observation, Orientation, Decision, and Action (OODA). Modern TDL systems utilize a distributed architecture to enhance anti-destruction capacity and support data transmission among different TDLs. However, it is difficult to ensure data consistency among TDLs, which greatly reduces joint combat capacities of TDLs. A data transmission control system that can offer data consistency among various TDLs is highly expected. Besides, data transmission in TDLs should be controlled in an automatic and intelligent way to satisfy the low latency requirement of modern wars. To tackle this problem, in this paper, we employ blockchain-based smart contracts to build up a decentralized data transmission control system for TDLs called TDL-Chain. TDL-Chain achieves automatic data transmission and guarantees information consistency among various combat entities. The evaluation based on proof-of-concept implementation demonstrates the effectiveness and efficiency of TDL-Chain.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134258639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Blockchain-based Testing Approach for Collaborative Software Development","authors":"S. Yau, Jinal S. Patel","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00020","url":null,"abstract":"Development of large-scale and complex software systems requires multiple teams, including software development teams, domain experts, user representatives, and other project stakeholders, to work collaboratively to achieve software development goals. These teams rely on the use of agreed software development processes, knowledge management tools, and communication channels collaboratively in the software development project. Software testing is an important and complicated process due to reasons such as difficulties in achieving testing goals with the given time constraint, absence of efficient data sharing policies, vague testing acceptance criteria at various levels of testing, and lack of trusted coordination among the teams involved in software testing. The efficiency of the software testing relies on efficient, reliable, and trusted information sharing among these teams. Existing approaches to software testing for collaborative software development use centralized or decentralize tools for software testing, knowledge management, and communication channels. Existing approaches have the limitations of centralized authority, a single point of failure/compromise, lack of automatic requirement compliance checking and transparency in information sharing, and lack of unified data sharing policy, and reliable knowledge management repositories for sharing and storing past software testing artifacts and data. In this paper, a software testing approach for collaborative software development using private blockchain is presented, and the desirable properties of private blockchain, such as distributed data management, tamper-resistance, auditability and automatic requirement compliance checking, are incorporated to greatly improve the quality of software testing for collaborative software development.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129518111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}