2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)最新文献

Decentralized Device Authentication Model using the Trust Score and Blockchain Technology for Dynamic Networks 基于信任评分和区块链技术的动态网络分散式设备认证模型

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00022

V. Subramanian, Yuvaraj Rajendra, Shubham Sahai, S. Shukla

{"title":"Decentralized Device Authentication Model using the Trust Score and Blockchain Technology for Dynamic Networks","authors":"V. Subramanian, Yuvaraj Rajendra, Shubham Sahai, S. Shukla","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00022","url":null,"abstract":"In general, applications use Trusted Third Party to authenticate users, application servers, and devices. Since Trusted Third Party based solutions are centralized, a decentralized scheme is preferred for applications, and blockchain is one of the best solutions for decentralization. Hence, this paper proposes a trust score based decentralized authentication model using the blockchain technology for dynamic networks. In our proposed model, any device can join the network at any time through existing nodes by sending the join transaction to the blockchain. A new device in the network can do messaging with other existing devices; however, the receiving device may not accept until the sender gains a full trust score in the network. The trust score of nodes is built based on its behavior and contributions to the network viz. mining, voting, introducing new node, and fact creation. The proposed model does not give incentives to the miners in the form of currency. At the same time, it should support the network, which is public, dynamic, and untrusted. Hence, we introduce a private and public nodes based blockchain model with incentives such as subsidy, green corridor, etc. We analyze the proposed model for security effectiveness, resource usage, communication overhead, and computational performance to prove lightweight devices’ applicability.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124863143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Blockchain-Based Platform for Trusted Collaborations on Data and AI Models 基于区块链的数据和人工智能模型可信协作平台

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00018

Kalapriya Kannan, Abhishek Singh, Mudit Verma, P. Jayachandran, S. Mehta

{"title":"Blockchain-Based Platform for Trusted Collaborations on Data and AI Models","authors":"Kalapriya Kannan, Abhishek Singh, Mudit Verma, P. Jayachandran, S. Mehta","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00018","url":null,"abstract":"Data analytics and artificial intelligence are extensively used by enterprises today and they increasingly span organization boundaries. Such collaboration between organizations today happens in an ad hoc manner, with very little visibility and systemic control on who is accessing the data, how, and for what purpose. When sharing data and AI models with other organizations, the owners desire the ability to control access, have visibility into the entire data pipeline and lineage, and ensure integrity. In this work, we present a decentralized trusted data and model platform for collaborative AI, that leverages blockchain as an immutable metadata store of data and model resources and operations performed on them, to support and enforce ownership, authenticity, integrity, lineage and auditability properties. Smart contracts enforce policies specified on data, including hierarchical and composite policies that are uniquely enabled by the use of blockchain. We demonstrate that our system is light-weight and can support over 1000 transactions per second with sub-second latency, significantly lower than the time taken to execute data pipelines.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"2672 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123457980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Candidate Set Formation Policy for Mining Pools 矿池候选集形成策略

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00060

Saulo dos Santos, Shahin Kamali, R. Thulasiram

{"title":"Candidate Set Formation Policy for Mining Pools","authors":"Saulo dos Santos, Shahin Kamali, R. Thulasiram","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00060","url":null,"abstract":"Cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin use the blockchain technology to record transactions in a distributed and secure way. Miners are distributed entities responsible for validating the transactions in the network and producing and verifying new blocks of confirmed transactions. In addition, they are responsible for keeping the protocol’s integrity, protecting it against the double-spending problem. Miners are rewarded when they add new blocks to the blockchain. The reward consists of fresh coins created after adding a new block as well as the fees collected from the transactions inside the added block. The amount of new coins generated with new blocks is diminishing by the protocol over time. As such, the significance of collected fees is increasing for the miners.A recent trend in large mining pools is to allow miners to select transactions in the block they aim to mine. Allowing miners to select transactions increases transparency via discretization and also helps to avoid conflict of interest with the mining pool managers. Assuming that forming blocks is in miners’ hands, miners should have a strategy to maintain transactions inside the block in a way to maximize their collected fees. The mining process is a random process that is \"progress free\". That is, a miner can update the transactions inside the block without any impact on its chance of succeeding in adding the block. Given that transactions with higher fees might arrive at any time in an online manner, it is profitable for a miner to \"refresh\" its block during the mining process. In this paper, we study the impact of refreshing blocks via an experimental analysis on real-world data from Bitcoin on a controlled environment that is carefully tuned to match the real world. Our results indicate that refreshing blocks is essential for increasing miners’ collected fees, and overlooking it will have a significant impact on miners’ revenues.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114921026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Proof of Evolution: leveraging blockchain mining for a cooperative execution of Genetic Algorithms 进化证明:利用区块链挖掘来协同执行遗传算法

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00065

Francesco Bizzaro, M. Conti, M. S. Pini

{"title":"Proof of Evolution: leveraging blockchain mining for a cooperative execution of Genetic Algorithms","authors":"Francesco Bizzaro, M. Conti, M. S. Pini","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00065","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00065","url":null,"abstract":"Proof of Work (PoW) is the consensus protocol introduced with Bitcoin, and is still one of the most used protocols, thanks to its security properties. However, it is very expensive in terms of energy consumption. For this reason, many other protocols have been designed in order to earmark part of the computations for useful tasks, or to reduce them, but few of these have the same properties of PoW.With this paper we propose a new consensus protocol for blockchains, called Proof of Evolution (PoE), that keeps the security features of PoW, and uses part of the mining computations for the execution of genetic algorithms (GAs) that some clients can submit. Moreover, PoE enables a form of cooperation among miners. During the mining process, in fact, miners have to maintain and evolve a population of solution candidates; PoE offers them the possibility of sharing their current best found solutions, that they can add to their population. This exchange seems to enhance the quality of the solutions they can achieve with the GAs in use. PoE is close to Proof of Search (PoS), which in turn extends PoW in order to solve optimization problems while mining. While PoS stimulates miners in submitting solutions for a problem of interest, the contribution of PoE is to encourage them to share their current best found solutions, allowing cooperation.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127672882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

ETH Relay: A Cost-efficient Relay for Ethereum-based Blockchains ETH中继:基于以太坊的区块链的成本效益中继

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00032

Philipp Frauenthaler, M. Sigwart, Christof Spanring, Michael Sober, Stefan Schulte

引用次数: 39

PiChu: Accelerating Block Broadcasting in Blockchain Networks with Pipelining and Chunking PiChu:通过流水线和分块加速区块链网络中的区块广播

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00035

Kaushik Ayinala, Baek-Young Choi, Sejun Song

引用次数: 8

RandChain: Practical Scalable Decentralized Randomness Attested by Blockchain RandChain:由区块链证明的实用可扩展的去中心化随机性

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00064

Gang Wang, M. Nixon

{"title":"RandChain: Practical Scalable Decentralized Randomness Attested by Blockchain","authors":"Gang Wang, M. Nixon","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00064","url":null,"abstract":"Reliable and verifiable public randomness is not only an essential building block in various cryptographic primitives, but also is a critical component in many distributed and decentralized protocols, e.g., blockchain sharding. A ‘good’ randomness generator should preserve several distinctive properties, such as public-verifiability, bias-resistance, unpredictability, and availability. However, it is a challenging task to generate such good randomness. For instance, a dishonest party may behave deceptively to bias the final randomness, which is toward his preferences. And this challenge is more serious in a distributed and decentralized system. Blockchain technology provides several promising features, such as decentralization, immutability, and trustworthiness. Due to extremely high overheads on both communication and computation, most existing solutions face an additional scalability issue. We propose a sharding-based scheme, RandChain, to obtain a practical scalable distributed and decentralized randomness attested by blockchain in large-scale applications. In RandChain, we eliminate the use of computation-heavy cryptographic operations, e.g., Publicly Verifiable Secret Sharing (PVSS), in prevalent approaches. We build a sub-routine, RandGene, which utilizes a commit-then-reveal strategy to establish a local randomness, enforced by efficient Verifiable Random Function (VRF). RandGene generates the randomness based on statistical approaches, instead of cryptographic operations, to eliminate computational operations. RandChain maintains a two-layer hierarchical chain structure via a sharding scheme. The first level chain is maintained by RandGene within each shard to provide a verifiable randomness source by blockchain. The second level chain uses the randomnesses from each shard to build a randomness chain.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125983611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9

Context-based consensus for appendable-block blockchains 可追加区块链的基于上下文的共识

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00058

R. C. Lunardi, Maher Alharby, Henry C. Nunes, A. Zorzo, Changyu Dong, A. Moorsel

{"title":"Context-based consensus for appendable-block blockchains","authors":"R. C. Lunardi, Maher Alharby, Henry C. Nunes, A. Zorzo, Changyu Dong, A. Moorsel","doi":"10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00058","url":null,"abstract":"Blockchain technology has been applied to various applications (e.g., smart buildings and smart cities) that typically run in an environment of smart devices, known as Internet-of-Things (IoT). To support these applications, different blockchain architectures, data structures and consensus algorithms have been proposed, tailored to IoT. One such proposal, appendable-block blockchain, is a promising blockchain framework for use in IoT environments. It provides a scalable data structure that allows parallel insertions between independent nodes. However, it has some limitations, in particular related to the possible eclipse attack by malicious gateways and the lack of consensus for transactions insertion. To solve these issues, we propose a new consensus mechanism for appendable-block blockchains, called context-based consensus. Using context-based consensus, information can be inserted in parallel across devices (called context) while ensuring that light-weight consensus is performed to guarantee that a transaction is well-formed and it is placed in the correct order. We implemented context-based consensus and show that using multiple contexts reduces latency and increases the throughput of transaction insertions when compared to consensus without contexts or using single transaction consensus.","PeriodicalId":109440,"journal":{"name":"2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain)","volume":"184 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127045947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Spot collaborative shipping sans orchestrator using Blockchain 使用区块链进行无编排的协作运输

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00054

K. Sampath, Sai Koti Reddy Danda, Ken Kumar, Krishnasuri Narayanam, Pankaj Dayama, Suryanarayana Sankagiri

引用次数: 0

Is Your Legal Contract Ambiguous? Convert to a Smart Legal Contract 你的法律合同模棱两可吗?转换为智能法律合同

2020 IEEE International Conference on Blockchain (Blockchain) Pub Date : 2020-11-01 DOI: 10.1109/Blockchain50366.2020.00041

Kritagya Upadhyay, R. Dantu, Zachary Zaccagni, Syed Badruddoja

引用次数: 10