Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management最新文献

{"title":"Relay-intercropping soybean and winter wheat in Wisconsin","authors":"Andrew Malcomson,&nbsp;Spyridon Mourtzinis,&nbsp;John Gaska,&nbsp;Adam Roth,&nbsp;Tatiane Severo Silva,&nbsp;Shawn Conley","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70059","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70059","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Relay intercropping (RIC) of soft red winter wheat (SRWW, <i>Triticum aestivum</i> L.) and soybean [<i>Glycine max</i> (L.) Merr.] offers potential benefits but requires optimized management. This 2-year study (2022–2023) evaluated the effects of soybean planting date and strip-tillage vs. no-tillage (ST vs. NT) on RIC soybean yield and assessed the impact of ST on wheat yield. Later-planted RIC soybean (May 19, 2022, and May 30, 2023) outyielded earlier-planted RIC soybean (April 29, 2022, and May 11, 2023) by 18.8 bushels per acre in 2022 and 20.1 bushels per acre in 2023. However, sole crop soybean yielded higher (∼50 bushels per acre) and had better economic returns. ST increased RIC soybean yield by 8.3 bushels per acre in 2022 and 1.8 in 2023 compared to NT. The experiment was also designed to isolate the effect of ST on wheat yield in RIC to help establish soybean rows. NT wheat outperformed ST wheat in both years, with yield reductions of 5.4 bushels per acre in 2022 and 14.8 bushels per acre in 2023 when ST was used. These results indicate that while ST benefits RIC soybean yield, it negatively affects wheat yield, highlighting a tradeoff in the system. Our findings suggest that later planting dates improve RIC soybean yield by reducing competition with wheat, but overall, sole crop soybean remains more productive and profitable.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144606642","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of crop sequence, cultivar, and metam sodium on plant-parasitic nematode population and peanut","authors":"Ethan Foote,&nbsp;David L. Jordan,&nbsp;Jeffrey Dunne,&nbsp;Adrienne Gorny,&nbsp;LeAnn Lux,&nbsp;Weimin Ye,&nbsp;Corley Holbrook,&nbsp;W. Scott Monfort,&nbsp;Brian Stevens,&nbsp;Stephen Deal,&nbsp;Ivy Lanier","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70061","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70061","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prior cropping sequence can have a major effect on populations of plant parasitic nematodes (PPN), peanut (<i>Arachis hypogaea</i> L.) yield, and financial return at the farm level. Effective crop rotation sequences can reduce PPN populations and reduce grower reliance on nematicides or fumigant. Recently, the root-knot nematode-resistant cultivar TifNV-High O/L was released. To determine the performance of this cultivar to PPNs in North Carolina, a cropping system trial that included 10 diverse rotation sequences from 2013–2020 was used that included rotation sequences that were favorable or unfavorable for maximum peanut yield. Peanut was planted in 2021 to determine the residual effects of the previous cropping sequence. Cropping sequence, cultivar, and metam sodium impacted peanut yield and population of PPN in soil. Fewer root-knot nematodes (<i>Meloidogyne</i> spp.) and less root injury from nematode feeding were observed for the cultivar TifNV-High O/L than Bailey II. Metam sodium decreased populations of lesion (<i>Pratylenchus brachyurus</i> Filipjev &amp; Schuurmans-Stekhoven), ring (<i>Mesocriconema ornatum</i> Raski), root-knot, and soybean cyst (<i>Heterodera glycines</i> Ichinohe) nematodes in soil. With the exception of lesion nematode, response of nematodes and peanut to crop sequence, cultivar, and metam sodium was independent.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144589717","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the degree day model for timing insecticide applications to suppress the bermudagrass stem maggot","authors":"Lisa L. Baxter,&nbsp;William F. Anderson","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70056","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70056","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The bermudagrass stem maggot (BSM; <i>Atherigona reversura</i> Villeneuve) can severely damage bermudagrass [<i>Cynodon dactylon</i> (L.) Pers.] forage. Strategically timed pyrethroid applications significantly reduce BSM populations, but application timing needs to be further refined. Therefore, this study evaluated the use of a degree day model for timing insecticide applications to suppress the BSM. The research was conducted in a split plot design with two bermudagrass cultivars (‘Alicia’ and ‘Tifton 85’) and eight insecticide timing treatments ranging from 100 to 400 growing degree days (GDDs) plus an untreated control. The use of insecticide increased mean herbage accumulation and plant height more than the untreated control, but the timing of the insecticide applications did not affect either response (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). All insecticide-treated plots had less BSM damage than the untreated control (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). The canopies treated with insecticide at 100 and 200 GDD had a cooler micro-environment than those treated at 150 GDD, but all other insecticide timing treatments were not different from those treatments (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Tifton 85 accumulated more herbage, resulted in a taller canopy, and sustained less damage by the BSM than Alicia (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.01). Canopy temperature did not differ between cultivars (<i>P</i> = 0.94). It was hypothesized that greater losses would have occurred in the earliest and latest insecticide treated plots based on feedback from area bermudagrass growers. However, it appears that day of application may be confounded with time of application in these reports. Future investigations should explore this interaction to further refine application timing.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70056","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144551114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interseeding crabgrass and berseem clover into sorghum–sudangrass for improved herbage accumulation, nutritive value, and weed suppression","authors":"Justin C. Burt,&nbsp;Kathy J. Soder,&nbsp;Kelly M. Mercier","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70055","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70055","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sorghum–sudangrass hybrids (<i>Sorghum. bicolor × Sorghum. bicolor var. sudanense;</i> SSG) are common warm-season annual forages utilized in forage systems in the northeastern United States. However, weed control can be an issue, particularly in low-input forage systems. Interseeding annual forages, such as crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> L.; CG) and berseem clover (<i>Trifolium alexandrinum</i> L.; BC), is of interest to aid in weed control due to their rapid growth and desirable nutritive value. A 2-year small plot evaluation was conducted to determine the agronomic benefits of interseeding CG and BC via no-till drill or broadcast seeding into SSG established on different row spacings. Total herbage accumulation (HA) did not differ by year for any of the treatments evaluated (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.13), despite having different row spacing and companion crop establishment methods. Botanical composition (BOT) varied among treatments (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01) for all forage components in both years. In 2022, treatments containing CG had lower percentage of SSG, BC, and weeds (other undesirable plant species), but in 2023 only the weeds percentage was lower in treatments with CG. Crude protein did not differ in either year (<i>p</i> &gt; 0.55) across treatments; however, treatments containing high amounts of CG had the lowest (<i>p</i> = 0.03) total digestible nutrients in 2022 only. This study concluded that while row spacing and the interseeding of annual forage species did not affect the overall HA of SSG, they did affect the BOT and nutritive value of the stand. Future research is warranted for evaluating other compatible forages and contrasting defoliation methods to determine their impact on the agronomic production of these types of mixtures, such as grazing or stored forage production.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144514638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fodder productivity and nutritional quality of oat and vetch mixtures improved with application of NP fertilizers in Ethiopia","authors":"Gezahagn Kebede,&nbsp;Walelign Worku,&nbsp;Fekede Feyissa,&nbsp;Habte Jifar","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70054","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70054","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The fertilizer application rate is the same for different forage crops in Ethiopia. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer application on fodder yield and nutritional quality of oat (<i>Avena sativa</i> L.)/vetch (<i>Vicia villosa</i>) mixtures. The oat/vetch mixtures were sown with eight fertilizer rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%, 125%, 150%, and 175%), and sole oat (100 kg/ha diammonium phosphate [DAP] + 50 kg/ha urea) and vetch (100 kg/ha DAP) were also sown with their recommended fertilizer rates (100%) using a randomized complete block design with three replications. The system productivity increased with increasing fertilizer rates up to 150% and the second year gave higher yield. All the nutritive value except fiber contents were higher in the second year. Among mixtures, the highest ash, crude protein yield, digestible dry matter, dry matter intake, in-vitro dry matter digestibility, digestible yield, total digestible nutrients, total digestible nutrient yield, relative feed value, and relative feed quality were recorded for 150% fertilizer. On the contrary, the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent lignin, and cellulose contents decreased with increasing fertilizer rates. Application of 175% fertilizer on oat/vetch mixtures gave the highest crude protein and digestible crude protein. Moreover, the digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and net energies for lactation, maintenance, and gain increased with increasing fertilizer rates up to 150%. Therefore, application of 150% fertilizer would increase the system productivity and nutritive value of oat/vetch mixtures in the study area.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Management strategies for preventing and recovering from zoysiagrass winterkill","authors":"T. Q. Carr,&nbsp;W. J. Hutchens,&nbsp;A. J. Patton,&nbsp;R. C. Braun,&nbsp;D. McFadden,&nbsp;M. D. Richardson","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70050","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70050","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Zoysiagrass (<i>Zoysia</i> spp. Willd.) is a warm-season grass used from tropical to temperate climates, and it generally requires fewer inputs than most other cool- and warm-season turfgrasses. The development of new zoysiagrass cultivars has increased its use in the United States, but its adaptation and specific uses are species and cultivar dependent. The playability of zoysiagrass and reduced inputs required to maintain this species have made it a popular choice for golfing surfaces. The greatest threat to zoysiagrass health and survivability is winterkill. This management guide discusses winterkill: what it looks like, what causes it, and where it occurs. Additionally, this management guide describes best management practices for the prevention and recovery of zoysiagrass from winterkill damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70050","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144472940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic performance of short-season corn hybrids in Illinois","authors":"Giovani Preza Fontes,&nbsp;Kristin D. Greer","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70051","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70051","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Cover crops are increasingly promoted as a strategy for reducing nitrate losses through tile drainage in the upper Midwest (IEPA et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; IDALS et al., &lt;span&gt;2013&lt;/span&gt;). The literature also highlights several other cover crop benefits, such as reducing soil erosion, suppressing weeds, and increasing soil organic C, which is closely tied to the amount of biomass they produce (Blanco-Canqui et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;; Chudzik et al., &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;; McClelland et al., &lt;span&gt;2021&lt;/span&gt;). In Illinois, cover crop acreage has increased by ∼24% from 2017 to 2022 (0.71 to 0.88 million acres) (USDA-NASS, &lt;span&gt;2024&lt;/span&gt;). However, establishing cover crops remains challenging due to the limited window between cash crop harvest and freezing temperatures.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One potential strategy to this challenge is the use of shorter-season crops, which can be harvested earlier, allowing for earlier cover crop planting and successful establishment before winter. Research in Ohio showed that corn (&lt;i&gt;Zea mays&lt;/i&gt; L.) hybrids with relative maturity (RM) ratings of 102 days yielded similarly to 111 days (Lindsey et al., &lt;span&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;). Baum et al. (&lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;) also reported no yield differences among 106-, 111-, and 113-day hybrids in southern Iowa. Relatively few studies have evaluated the yield potential of ultra-early (&lt;100-day) hybrids in this region (Lindsey et al., &lt;span&gt;2020&lt;/span&gt;). Therefore, this 2-year field study aimed to compare the agronomic performance of ultra-early and short-season with commonly grown hybrids in Illinois.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Field experiments were conducted in 2023 and 2024 at the University of Illinois Crop Sciences Research Centers in Urbana (40°03′33.3″ N, 88°13′41.9″ W) and Monmouth (40°55′34.4″ N, 90°43′31.0″ W). Trials were on a Drummer silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) at Urbana and Sable silty clay loam (Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Endoaquoll) at Monmouth (Soil Survey Staff, &lt;span&gt;2019&lt;/span&gt;); both productive soils with &gt;3.5% organic matter. Weather data were collected from site-specific meteorological stations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Each trial followed a randomized complete block design with four replications. Plots were four 30-inch rows (10 ft) wide by 25-ft long. Treatments included four hybrids with RM of 91 days (DKC41-55RIB, 2295 GDD to black layer), 96 days (DKC46-50RIB, 2405 GDD to black layer), 105 days (DKC105-35RIB, 2605 GDD to black layer), and 111 days (DKC111-33RIB, 2800 GDD to black layer). The 111-day hybrid is hereafter referred to as full-season (commonly grown), and thus the 91- and 96-day hybrids are referred to as ultra-early, and the 105-day hybrid as short-season. Despite the limited number of hybrids tested here, they still provide a baseline for comparing differences in agronomic performance associated with RM.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Corn was grown following soybean (&lt;i&gt;Glycine max&lt;/i&gt; L. Merr) in conventional tillage (fall chisel plow followed by fiel","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70051","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144300047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Planting date and seeding rate impacted hybrid winter rye grain yield across US regions","authors":"Celeste E. Nye,&nbsp;Jochum J. Wiersma,&nbsp;Chad D. Lee,&nbsp;Shawn P. Conley,&nbsp;Alexander J. Lindsey,&nbsp;Laura E. Lindsey","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70052","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70052","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Hybrid winter rye (<i>Secale cereale</i> L.) was first introduced in the United States in 2014. Agronomic management recommendations, like optimum seeding date and rate, for this productive form of winter rye are lacking. Farmers need basic information to successfully integrate hybrid winter rye into their cropping systems to supply existing markets. The objective of this experiment was to determine the influence of planting date and seeding rate on winter hybrid rye grain yield in four states (Kentucky, Ohio, Wisconsin, and Minnesota). The experiment was conducted during the 2021–2022 and 2022–2023 growing season as a split-plot randomized complete block with a whole plot factor of planting date (ranging from September to November) and sub-plot factor of seeding rate (ranging from 0.4 to 1.2 million seeds acre⁻¹). Across planting dates and seeding rates, grain yield was generally high (median values ≥90 bu acre⁻¹), except for the Crookston, MN, location in 2022 where dry conditions resulted in poor germination and low plant population, and Lexington, KY, in 2021 when rye was planted on November 29 and freezing temperatures prohibited plant establishment. In general, maximum grain yield occurred when rye was planted within the 2-week period following the Hessian fly (<i>Mayetiola destructor</i> Say)-free date at seeding rates ≥0.8 million seeds acre⁻¹. Hybrid winter rye grain production was successful in most environments, but planting date and seeding rate influenced yield. Because hybrid rye is relatively new, especially to growers within the United States, continued work on agronomic recommendations to maximize grain yield is needed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70052","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144281469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Agronomic responses of tall fescue interseeded with crabgrass and buckhorn plantain","authors":"Felipe Fonseca Nassar,&nbsp;Renan Cleto da Silva,&nbsp;Renata La Guardia Nave,&nbsp;Otávio Goulart de Almeida","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70053","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70053","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tall fescue [<i>Schedonorus arundinaceus</i> (Schreb.) Dumort.; TF] is widely used in temperate pastures, but its production and nutritive value may be improved through the interseeding of complementary species such as crabgrass (<i>Digitaria sanguinalis</i> L.; CG) and buckhorn plantain (<i>Plantago lanceolata</i> L.; PL). This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TF in monoculture, TF+CG, TF+PL, and TF+CG+PL during four harvests, focusing on botanical composition, forage mass (FM), and nutritive value in Spring Hill for 2 years. Weed proportion varied throughout the study, but it was lowest (∼20%) in the TF+CG and TF+CG+PL treatments due to the increased proportion of CG observed during the third (24%) and fourth (61%) harvests. In 2022, the TF+PL and TF+CG treatments showed greater FM (2041 and 1958 dry matter [DM] lbs acre⁻¹, respectively). In 2023, the TF+CG+PL treatment recorded the lowest FM (1673 DM lbs ac⁻¹) compared to the other treatments (∼1746 DM lbs acre⁻¹). The fourth harvest showed the greatest FM in 2022 (2372 DM lbs acre⁻¹), and in 2023, both the first and fourth harvests produced the greatest FM (2154 and 1947 DM lbs acre⁻¹, respectively). Overall, there were few differences in nutritive value across treatments; however, the third harvest in both years showed greater crude protein concentration (∼14.9%) and increased neutral detergent fiber digestibility in 2022 (34.7%), with no significant differences in 2023. This study highlights the benefits of interseeding plant species with diverse traits into forage systems to enhance biodiversity. Among the species tested, CG demonstrated superior qualities, including effective weed suppression, greater FM, and improved nutritive value.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144273443","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparing activated charcoal and biochar for carbon-seeding in grass seed production","authors":"Clint Mattox,&nbsp;Kristin Trippe","doi":"10.1002/cft2.70049","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cft2.70049","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Perennial ryegrass (<i>Lolium perenne</i> L. ssp. <i>perenne</i>) seed production fields in western Oregon are often established using carbon-seeding, which consists of applying a band of activated charcoal (AC) over the seed row at the time of sowing. A preemergent herbicide is then broadcast applied to the field prior to rainfall or irrigation. In the seed row, the herbicide that encounters AC is absorbed, which allows the seed to germinate and establish. Biochar has similar characteristics to AC and is a potential alternative for carbon-seeding. Conifer-based biochars are produced in western Oregon, use less energy to make, and are less expensive than AC, providing potential benefits to stakeholders. To compare the seed row protection effects of conifer-based biochar to AC, we tested seven herbicide treatments: EPTC, diuron, indaziflam, rimsulfuron, pronamide, a combination of pyroxasulfone and flumioxazin, and a no herbicide check in a field study repeated four times in western Oregon. Results suggest that perennial ryegrass establishment was equivalent when either biochar or AC were used in combination with diuron, rimsulfuron, pronamide, and a combination of pyroxasulfone and flumioxazin signifying that biochar could be used in place of AC for these herbicides. Perennial ryegrass establishment was greater when activated charcoal was used compared to biochar when indaziflam was used. When EPTC was used, neither AC nor biochar led to perennial ryegrass establishment that was equal to the no herbicide check plots. Findings provide data on the use of biochar for carbon-seeding and an update on crop safety expectations across multiple herbicides in this system.</p>","PeriodicalId":10931,"journal":{"name":"Crop, Forage and Turfgrass Management","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2025-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cft2.70049","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144220185","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}