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Is Cryptococcus neoformans a pleomorphic fungus? 新生隐球菌是一种多形真菌吗？
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102539
Jessica CS Brown , Elizabeth R Ballou
{"title":"Is Cryptococcus neoformans a pleomorphic fungus?","authors":"Jessica CS Brown ,&nbsp;Elizabeth R Ballou","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102539","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102539","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Improved understanding of the human fungal pathogen <em>Cryptococcus neoformans,</em> classically described as a basidiomycete budding yeast, has revealed new infection-relevant single cell morphologies <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em>. Here, we ask whether these morphologies constitute true morphotypes, requiring updated classification of <em>C. neoformans</em> as a pleomorphic fungus. We profile recent discoveries of <em>C. neoformans</em> seed cells and titan cells and provide a framework for determining whether these and other recently described single-cell morphologies constitute true morphotypes. We demonstrate that multiple <em>C. neoformans</em> single-cell morphologies are transcriptionally distinct, stable, heritable, and associated with active growth and therefore should be considered true morphotypes in line with the classification in other well-studied fungi. We conclude that <em>C. neoformans</em> is a pleomorphic fungus with an important capacity for morphotype switching that underpins pathogenesis.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 102539"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424001152/pdfft?md5=81c0fd0affe38894e43d774b7273774c&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527424001152-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142163311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Biofilms as more than the sum of their parts: lessons from developmental biology 生物膜不仅仅是各部分的总和：从发育生物学中汲取的教训。
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102537
Georgia R Squyres , Dianne K Newman
{"title":"Biofilms as more than the sum of their parts: lessons from developmental biology","authors":"Georgia R Squyres ,&nbsp;Dianne K Newman","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102537","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102537","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Although our understanding of both bacterial cell physiology and the complex behaviors exhibited by bacterial biofilms is expanding rapidly, we cannot yet sum the behaviors of individual cells to understand or predict biofilm behavior. This is both because cell physiology in biofilms is different from planktonic growth and because cell behavior in biofilms is spatiotemporally patterned. We use developmental biology as a guide to examine this phenotypic patterning, discussing candidate cues that may encode spatiotemporal information and possible roles for phenotypic patterning in biofilms. We consider other questions that arise from the comparison between biofilm and eukaryotic development, including what defines normal biofilm development and the nature of biofilm cell types and fates. We conclude by discussing what biofilm development can tell us about developmental processes, emphasizing the additional challenges faced by bacteria in biofilm development compared with their eukaryotic counterparts.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"82 ","pages":"Article 102537"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Insights into Alphaproteobacterial regulators of cell envelope remodeling 细胞膜重塑的阿尔法蛋白细菌调控因子透视
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102538
Bryan Lakey , François Alberge , Timothy J Donohue
{"title":"Insights into Alphaproteobacterial regulators of cell envelope remodeling","authors":"Bryan Lakey ,&nbsp;François Alberge ,&nbsp;Timothy J Donohue","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102538","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102538","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>The cell envelope is at the center of many processes essential for bacterial lifestyles. In addition to giving bacteria shape and delineating it from the environment, it contains macromolecules important for energy transduction, cell division, protection against toxins, biofilm formation, or virulence. Hence, many systems coordinate different processes within the cell envelope to ensure function and integrity. Two-component systems have been identified as crucial regulators of cell envelope functions over the last few years. In this review, we summarize the new information obtained on the regulation of cell envelope biosynthesis and homeostasis in α-proteobacteria<em>,</em> as well as newly identified targets that coordinate the processes in the cell envelope.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102538"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142129993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The yin and yang of the universal transcription factor NusG 通用转录因子 NusG 的阴与阳
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102540
Madeleine Delbeau , Ruby Froom , Robert Landick , Seth A Darst , Elizabeth A Campbell
{"title":"The yin and yang of the universal transcription factor NusG","authors":"Madeleine Delbeau ,&nbsp;Ruby Froom ,&nbsp;Robert Landick ,&nbsp;Seth A Darst ,&nbsp;Elizabeth A Campbell","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102540","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102540","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>RNA polymerase (RNAP), the central enzyme of transcription, intermittently pauses during the elongation stage of RNA synthesis. Pausing provides an opportunity for regulatory events such as nascent RNA folding or the recruitment of transregulators. NusG (Spt5 in eukaryotes and archaea) regulates RNAP pausing and is the only transcription factor conserved across all cellular life. NusG is a multifunctional protein: its N-terminal domain (NGN) binds to RNAP, and its C-terminal KOW domain in bacteria interacts with transcription regulators such as ribosomes and termination factors. In <em>Escherichia coli</em>, NusG acts as an antipausing factor. However, recent studies have revealed that NusG has distinct transcriptional regulatory roles specific to bacterial clades with clinical implications. Here, we focus on NusG’s dual roles in the regulation of pausing.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102540"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142122814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
From dusty shelves toward the spotlight: growing evidence for Ap4A as an alarmone in maintaining RNA stability and proteostasis 从尘封的书架走向聚光灯下：越来越多的证据表明 Ap4A 是维持 RNA 稳定性和蛋白稳态的警报蛋白
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102536
Megan KM Young, Jue D Wang
{"title":"From dusty shelves toward the spotlight: growing evidence for Ap4A as an alarmone in maintaining RNA stability and proteostasis","authors":"Megan KM Young,&nbsp;Jue D Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102536","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102536","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Bacteria thrive in diverse environments and must withstand various stresses. A key stress response mechanism is the reprogramming of macromolecular biosynthesis and metabolic processes through alarmones — signaling nucleotides that accumulate intracellularly in response to metabolic stress. Diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A), a putative alarmone, is produced in a noncanonical reaction by universally conserved aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Ap4A is ubiquitous across all domains of life and accumulates during heat and oxidative stress. Despite its early discovery in 1966, Ap4A’s alarmone status remained inconclusive. Recent discoveries identified Ap4A as a precursor to RNA 5′ caps in <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Additionally, Ap4A was found to directly bind to and allosterically inhibit the purine biosynthesis enzyme inosine 5′-monophosphate dehydrogenase, regulating guanosine triphosphate levels and enabling heat resistance in <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>. These findings, along with previous research, strongly suggest that Ap4A plays a crucial role as an alarmone, warranting further investigation to fully elucidate its functions.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102536"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142095703","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Horizontal gene transfer and beyond: the delivery of biological matter by bacterial membrane vesicles to host and bacterial cells 横向基因转移及其他：细菌膜囊向宿主细胞和细菌细胞输送生物物质
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102525
Alice X Wen , Christophe Herman
{"title":"Horizontal gene transfer and beyond: the delivery of biological matter by bacterial membrane vesicles to host and bacterial cells","authors":"Alice X Wen ,&nbsp;Christophe Herman","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102525","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102525","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Membrane vesicles (MVs) are produced in all domains of life. In eukaryotes, extracellular vesicles have been shown to mediate the horizontal transfer of biological material between cells [1]. Therefore, bacterial MVs are also thought to mediate horizontal material transfer to host cells and other bacteria, especially in the context of cell stress. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of bacterial MV production, evidence that their contents can be trafficked to host cells and other bacteria, and the biological relevance of horizontal material transfer by bacterial MVs.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102525"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142077455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Fungal effectors: past, present, and future 真菌效应器：过去、现在和未来
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-23 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102526
Gengtan Li , Madison Newman , Houlin Yu , Maryam Rashidzade , Domingo Martínez-Soto , Ana Caicedo , Kelly S Allen , Li-Jun Ma
{"title":"Fungal effectors: past, present, and future","authors":"Gengtan Li ,&nbsp;Madison Newman ,&nbsp;Houlin Yu ,&nbsp;Maryam Rashidzade ,&nbsp;Domingo Martínez-Soto ,&nbsp;Ana Caicedo ,&nbsp;Kelly S Allen ,&nbsp;Li-Jun Ma","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102526","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102526","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungal effector proteins function at the interfaces of diverse interactions between fungi and their plant and animal hosts, facilitating interactions that are pathogenic or mutualistic. Recent advancements in protein structure prediction have significantly accelerated the identification and functional predictions of these rapidly evolving effector proteins. This development enables scientists to generate testable hypotheses for functional validation using experimental approaches. Research frontiers in effector biology include understanding pathways through which effector proteins are secreted or translocated into host cells, their roles in manipulating host microbiomes, and their contribution to interacting with host immunity. Comparative effector repertoires among different fungal–host interactions can highlight unique adaptations, providing insights for the development of novel antifungal therapies and biocontrol strategies.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102526"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424001024/pdfft?md5=92a5fec3391cf18a402141961b4ad94d&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527424001024-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142049608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
D-galactonate metabolism in enteric bacteria: a molecular and physiological perspective 肠道细菌的 D-半乳糖醛酸代谢：分子和生理学视角。
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102524
Swati Singh , Chetna Gola , Bhupinder Singh , Vishal Agrawal , Rachna Chaba
{"title":"D-galactonate metabolism in enteric bacteria: a molecular and physiological perspective","authors":"Swati Singh ,&nbsp;Chetna Gola ,&nbsp;Bhupinder Singh ,&nbsp;Vishal Agrawal ,&nbsp;Rachna Chaba","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102524","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102524","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>D</span>-galactonate, a widely prevalent sugar acid, was first reported as a nutrient source for enteric bacteria in the 1970s. Since then, decades of research enabled a description of the modified Entner-Doudoroff pathway involved in its degradation and reported the structural and biochemical features of its metabolic enzymes, primarily in <em>Escherichia coli</em> K-12. However, only in the last few years, the <span>D</span>-galactonate transporter has been characterized, and the regulation of the <em>dgo</em> operon, encoding the structural genes for the transporter and enzymes of <span>D</span>-galactonate metabolism, has been detailed. Notably, in recent years, multiple evolutionary studies have identified the <em>dgo</em> operon as a dominant target for adaptation of <em>E. coli</em> in the mammalian gut. Despite considerable research on <em>dgo</em> operon, numerous fundamental questions remain to be addressed. The emerging relevance of the <em>dgo</em> operon in host–bacterial interactions further necessitates the study of <span>D</span>-galactonate metabolism in other enterobacterial strains.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102524"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975334","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Host immune response against fungal biofilms 宿主对真菌生物膜的免疫反应。
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102520
Mohammad Mannan , Sunna Nabeela , Reetakshi Mishra , Priya Uppuluri
{"title":"Host immune response against fungal biofilms","authors":"Mohammad Mannan ,&nbsp;Sunna Nabeela ,&nbsp;Reetakshi Mishra ,&nbsp;Priya Uppuluri","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102520","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102520","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Fungal biofilms are a multilayered community of cells attached to mucosal or abiotic surfaces enclosed in a coating of self-produced extracellular polymeric matrix. The sheer density of cells protected by a polymeric shield not only makes the biofilm impermeable to antimicrobials or immune cells but also hidden from host recognition. Biofilms also serve as a reservoir of drug-resistant persister cells and dispersal cells armored with virulence factors adept at evading the immune system. Here, we summarize the latest knowledge on the immunomodulatory properties of biofilms formed by <em>Candida</em> species and by other biofilm-forming fungal pathogens such as <em>Aspergillus</em> and <em>Cryptococcus</em>. Finally, we deliberate on promising strategies to help activate the immune system for combating fungal biofilms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102520"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1369527424000961/pdfft?md5=d1b3631d18ad1cf50b233ae1db6be79e&pid=1-s2.0-S1369527424000961-main.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141912107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Editorial overview: emerging avenues in antimicrobial research 编辑综述：抗菌研究的新途径。
IF 5.9 2区 生物学
Current opinion in microbiology Pub Date : 2024-08-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.mib.2024.102522
Toni Gabaldón , Luiz Pedro Sório de Carvalho
{"title":"Editorial overview: emerging avenues in antimicrobial research","authors":"Toni Gabaldón ,&nbsp;Luiz Pedro Sório de Carvalho","doi":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102522","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.mib.2024.102522","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10921,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in microbiology","volume":"81 ","pages":"Article 102522"},"PeriodicalIF":5.9,"publicationDate":"2024-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141906175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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