Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry最新文献

{"title":"Flow cytometric analysis of CD34+CD38− cells; cell frequency and immunophenotype based on CD45RA expression pattern","authors":"Shumpei Mizuta,&nbsp;Makoto Iwasaki,&nbsp;Noriko Bandai,&nbsp;Saya Yoshida,&nbsp;Asami Watanabe,&nbsp;Hiroshi Takashima,&nbsp;Takeshi Ueshimo,&nbsp;Kazuhiro Bandai,&nbsp;Kensuke Fujiwara,&nbsp;Naoko Hiranuma,&nbsp;Yusuke Koba,&nbsp;Takahito Kawata,&nbsp;Akira Tamekane,&nbsp;Mitsumasa Watanabe","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22148","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22148","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Introduction</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CD34⁺CD38⁻ population in bone marrow includes hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Recently, in acute myeloid leukemia, the focus has shifted to flow cytometry analysis targeting CD34⁺CD38⁻ leukemic cells due to their effectiveness in minimal/measurable residual disease detection and prognosis prediction. Nevertheless, the immunophenotype and cell frequency of these cells in the bone marrow, in the absence of leukemic cells, remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate detailed characteristics of CD34⁺CD38⁻ cells in both normal and leukemic cells by flow cytometry.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We compared the cell frequency and immunophenotype of the CD34⁺CD38⁻ fraction in the following groups: patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura and malignant lymphoma as controls (<i>n</i> = 17), post-treatment patients without abnormal blasts (<i>n</i> = 35), and patients with myeloid malignancies (<i>n</i> = 86). The comparison was based on the presence or absence of CD45RA expression, a marker commonly used to prospectively isolate lymphoid-primed cell populations within the CD34⁺CD38⁻ fraction.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁺ cell population exhibited a significant expansion in bone marrow without leukemic cells 1 month after cord blood transplantation and in various type of myeloid malignancies, compared to the control group (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.01). Continuous CD45RA expression and notable expansion of the CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁻ population were exclusively observed in myelodysplastic syndrome-related diseases. The CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁺ population displayed frequent expression of various markers in both leukemic and non-leukemic cells, in contrast to the CD34⁺CD38⁻CD45RA⁻ population.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The CD34⁺CD38⁻ fraction should be carefully evaluated considering the nature of normal hematopoietic precursor cells, their cell frequency and immunophenotype, including CD45RA expression pattern, for improving the accuracy of myeloid malignancy diagnosis.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71479197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue highlights—September 2023","authors":"Professor Frederic I. Preffer","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22145","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22145","url":null,"abstract":"<p>[Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]</p><p>Despite the reality that my entire career has been spent devoted to flow cytometry, it is undeniable to me that the gold standard remains an image of the cell, and when visualized within tissue, the architectural relationships between cells. Thus my keen interest in bringing the Amnis technology into my research laboratory years ago and my current enthusiasm for the cell-imaging capacities of more recent technologies such as those from Becton-Dickinson (Cell-View), ThermoFisher (Attune CytPix) and other imaging flow cytometers currently or soon available. In this issue I am therefore extremely interested in Cyclic Analysis of Single-Cell Subsets and Tissue Territories (CASSATT) which identifies scanned slide images through multiple staining rounds, segments nuclei and assesses marker expression on each detected cell (Brockman et al., <span>2023</span>). Cyclic immunochemistry (cycIHC) exploits multiple rounds of immunostaining and imaging for mapping and locating cells of interest with the speed and simplicity of brightfield microscopy, making the collection of entire tissue sections and slides possible. CASSATT employs registered scanned slide images across all rounds of staining, segments individual nuclei, and measures marker expression on each detected cell. It further explores the spatial relationships between cell populations and the odds of interaction frequencies between cell populations within tissue regions, helping to identify cells that interact or do not interact. In this report, a test dataset of six glioblastoma tissue sections were cyclically stained for eight biomarkers for a total of 48 scanned slide images. The authors describe an efficient workflow that provided answers to questions commonly encountered in discovery research in tissue specimens, such as the overall abundance of cells of interest within a tissue section as well as whether groups of cells were in close proximity. CASSATT gathered together and streamlined all steps necessary to produce single cell expression information from cycIHC datasets and did so utilizing an open source environment. In addition, CASSATT systematically analyzed the spatial relationships between cell populations and via unsupervised algorithms, identified clusters of cell niches.</p><p>The persistence of measurable residual disease (MRD) is a strong indicator for adverse outcomes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and has been shown to be a valid surrogate marker for disease-free survival and overall survival, irrespective of patients' age, AML subtype, sample type, time of MRD assessment and MRD detection method (Short et al., <span>2020</span>). Other hematopoietic malignancies such as B- and plasma cell lineages also benefit from MRD diagnostic assays (Chen et al., <span>2023</span>; Gao et al., <span>2023</span>; McMillan et al., <span>2023</span>; Zhou et al., <span>2023</span>). In a study by Wang et al. (<span>2023</span>) th","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-10-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cyto.b.22145","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41182275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical assay validation for acute myeloid leukemia measurable residual disease assessment by multiparametric flow cytometry","authors":"Jesse M. Tettero,&nbsp;Naveen Dakappagari,&nbsp;Maaike E. Heidinga,&nbsp;Yvonne Oussoren-Brockhoff,&nbsp;Diana Hanekamp,&nbsp;Anil Pahuja,&nbsp;Kerri Burns,&nbsp;Pavinder Kaur,&nbsp;Zeni Alfonso,&nbsp;Vincent H. J. van der Velden,&nbsp;Jeroen G. te Marvelde,&nbsp;Willemijn Hobo,&nbsp;Jennichjen Slomp,&nbsp;Costa Bachas,&nbsp;Angele Kelder,&nbsp;Kevin Nguyen,&nbsp;Jacqueline Cloos","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22144","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22144","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Measurable residual disease (MRD) assessed by multiparametric flow cytometry (MFC) has gained importance in clinical decision-making for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. However, complying with the recent In Vitro Diagnostic Regulations (IVDR) in Europe and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidance in the United States requires rigorous validation prior to their use in investigational clinical trials and diagnostics. Validating AML MRD-MFC assays poses challenges due to the unique underlying disease biology and paucity of patient specimens. In this study, we describe an experimental framework for validation that meets regulatory expectations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Our validation efforts focused on evaluating assay accuracy, analytical specificity, analytical and functional sensitivity (limit of blank (LoB), detection (LLoD) and quantitation (LLoQ)), precision, linearity, sample/reagent stability and establishing the assay background frequencies.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Correlation between different MFC methods was highly significant (<i>r</i> = 0.99 for %blasts and <i>r</i> = 0.93 for %LAIPs). The analysis of LAIP specificity accurately discriminated from negative control cells. The assay demonstrated a LoB of 0.03, LLoD of 0.04, and LLoQ of 0.1%. Precision experiments yielded highly reproducible results (Coefficient of Variation &lt;20%). Stability experiments demonstrated reliable measurement of samples up to 96 h from collection. Furthermore, the reference range of LAIP frequencies in non-AML patients was below 0.1%, ranging from 0.0% to 0.04%.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>In this manuscript, we present the validation of an AML MFC-MRD assay using BM/PB patient specimens, adhering to best practices. Our approach is expected to assist other laboratories in expediting their validation activities to fulfill recent health authority guidelines.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cyto.b.22144","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41113543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Minimal residual disease assessment in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia by semi-automated identification of normal hematopoietic cells: A EuroFlow study","authors":"Martijn W. C. Verbeek,&nbsp;Beatriz Soriano Rodríguez,&nbsp;Lukasz Sedek,&nbsp;Anna Laqua,&nbsp;Chiara Buracchi,&nbsp;Malicorne Buysse,&nbsp;Michaela Reiterová,&nbsp;Elen Oliveira,&nbsp;Daniela Morf,&nbsp;Sjoerd R. Oude Alink,&nbsp;Susana Barrena,&nbsp;Saskia Kohlscheen,&nbsp;Stefan Nierkens,&nbsp;Mattias Hofmans,&nbsp;Paula Fernandez,&nbsp;Elaine Sobral de Costa,&nbsp;Ester Mejstrikova,&nbsp;Tomasz Szczepanski,&nbsp;Lukasz Slota,&nbsp;Monika Brüggemann,&nbsp;Giuseppe Gaipa,&nbsp;Georgiana Grigore,&nbsp;Jacques J. M. van Dongen,&nbsp;Alberto Orfao,&nbsp;Vincent H. J. van der Velden","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22143","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22143","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Presence of minimal residual disease (MRD), detected by flow cytometry, is an important prognostic biomarker in the management of B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL). However, data-analysis remains mainly expert-dependent. In this study, we designed and validated an Automated Gating &amp; Identification (AGI) tool for MRD analysis in BCP-ALL patients using the two tubes of the EuroFlow 8-color MRD panel. The accuracy, repeatability, and reproducibility of the AGI tool was validated in a multicenter study using bone marrow follow-up samples from 174 BCP-ALL patients, stained with the EuroFlow BCP-ALL MRD panel. In these patients, MRD was assessed both by manual analysis and by AGI tool supported analysis. Comparison of MRD levels obtained between both approaches showed a concordance rate of 83%, with comparable concordances between MRD tubes (tube 1, 2 or both), treatment received (chemotherapy versus targeted therapy) and flow cytometers (FACSCanto versus FACSLyric). After review of discordant cases by additional experts, the concordance increased to 97%. Furthermore, the AGI tool showed excellent intra-expert concordance (100%) and good inter-expert concordance (90%). In addition to MRD levels, also percentages of normal cell populations showed excellent concordance between manual and AGI tool analysis. We conclude that the AGI tool may facilitate MRD analysis using the EuroFlow BCP-ALL MRD protocol and will contribute to a more standardized and objective MRD assessment. However, appropriate training is required for the correct analysis of MRD data.</p>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-09-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cyto.b.22143","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41118047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Whole blood no-lyse no-wash micromethod for the quantitative measurement of monocyte HLA-DR","authors":"Jordi Miatello,&nbsp;Valérie Faivre,&nbsp;Clémence Marais,&nbsp;Mégane Raineau,&nbsp;Didier Payen,&nbsp;Pierre Tissieres","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22142","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22142","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Monocyte (m)HLA-DR expression appears to be a potent marker of immunosuppression in critically ill patients. The persistence of low mHLA-DR expression is associated with an increased risk of nosocomial infections and mortality. To adapt this measurement to pediatric requirements and provide extensive 24/7 access, we have developed a whole blood no-lyse no-wash micromethod (MM) and compared it with the standardized method (SM).</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>mHLA-DR was quantified by flow cytometry using Quantibrite™ Anti-HLA-DR PE/Monocyte PerCP-Cy™5.5 with either the SM performed in a diagnostic hematology laboratory using manufacturer protocol, or a whole blood no-lyse no-wash MM using an Attune flow cytometer located in the pediatric ICU. Median fluorescence intensity was measured in both techniques and converted to antibodies per cell (AB/C) calibrated with BD Quantibrite™ PE beads. Blood and Quantibrite™ reagent volume used with the MM was reduced by 5-fold compared to SM. In addition to Quantibrite™ Anti-Human HLA-DR PE/Monocyte PerCP-Cy™5.5, MM required anti-CD45 and anti-CD19 labeling.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We determined the expression of mHLA-DR in 34 patients, 20 adults, and 14 children admitted to ICU. Correlation between MM and SM was excellent (Pearson's correlation: <i>y</i> = 0.8192<i>x</i> + 678.7, <i>r</i> = 0.9270, <i>p</i> &lt; 0.0001). The estimated bias was 2467 ± 1.96 × 3307 AB/C; CI 95% [−4016; +8949].</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusions</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The no-lyse no-wash whole blood microvolume method for measuring mHLA-DR expression allows for simplified sample preparation without compromising accuracy of the data. This method may simplify immune monitoring of critically ill patient by the deployment of a point of care method.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cyto.b.22142","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10227410","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to “Clinical application of flow cytometry in patients with unexplained cytopenia and suspected myelodysplastic syndrome: A report of the European LeukemiaNet International MDS-Flow Cytometry Working Group”","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22141","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22141","url":null,"abstract":"<p>van de Loosdrecht, A. A., Kern, W., Porwit, A., Valent, P., Kordasti, S., Cremers, E., Alhan, C., Duetz, C., Dunlop, A., Hobo, W., Preijers, F., Wagner-Ballon, O., Chapuis, N., Fontenay, M., Bettelheim, P., Eidenschink-Brodersen, L., Font, P., Johansson, U., Loken, M. R., … Ireland, R. (2023). Clinical application of flow cytometry in patients with unexplained cytopenia and suspected myelodysplastic syndrome: A report of the European LeukemiaNet International MDS-Flow Cytometry Working Group. <i>Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry</i>, <i>104</i>(1), 77–86. https://doi.org/10.1002/cyto.b.22044</p><p>In the originally published article, the Austrian Science Fund, Grant/Award Number: F4704 was incorrectly listed as a funder. This has been corrected in the online version of the article. We apologize for this error.</p>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cyto.b.22141","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10137882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Validation of a 12-color flow cytometry assay for acute myeloid leukemia minimal/measurable residual disease detection","authors":"Sa A. Wang,&nbsp;Jeffrey L. Jorgensen,&nbsp;Shimin Hu,&nbsp;Fuli Jia,&nbsp;Shaoying Li,&nbsp;Sanam Loghavi,&nbsp;Chi Young Ok,&nbsp;Beenu Thakral,&nbsp;Jie Xu,&nbsp;L. Jeffrey Medeiros,&nbsp;Wei Wang","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22140","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22140","url":null,"abstract":"<div>\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Background</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) minimal/measurable residual disease (MRD) by multicolor flow cytometry is a complex laboratory developed test (LDT), challenging for implementation. We share our experience in the validation of a 12-color AML MRD flow cytometry assay to meet stringent regulatory requirements.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Methods</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>We worked under the guidelines of the CLSI HL62 publication, illustrated the details of the validation process that was tailored to uniqueness of AML MRD, and tested its clinical validity in 61 patients. The “trueness” was determined by correlating with concurrent molecular genetic testing and follow-up bone marrow examinations.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Results</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>Under assay specificity, we shared the details of panel design, analysis, and criteria for interpretation and reporting. The assay accuracy was assessed by testing known positive and negative samples and correlating with molecular genetic testing and follow-up bone marrow examination. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were validated to a level between 0.01% and 0.1%, varied from the leukemia-associated immunophenotypes (LAIP) and the numbers of events obtained for analysis. Assay linearity, precision and carry over studies all met acceptable criteria. In the clinical validity test, the concordance was 93%, specificity 98% and sensitivity 83%. The most challenging aspects of the assay were the discrimination of pre-leukemic cells (persistent clonal hematopoiesis) or underlying myelodysplastic clones from AML MRD with immunophenotypic switch or subclone selection.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 \u0000 <section>\u0000 \u0000 <h3> Conclusion</h3>\u0000 \u0000 <p>The validation met all criteria and obtained FDA IDE (investigational device exemption) approval. This study provides ample technical and professional details in setting up the AML MRD flow cytometry assay and illustrates through the example of the “fit for purpose” validation process. We also highlight the need for further characterization of abnormal blasts bearing the potential for AML relapse.</p>\u0000 </section>\u0000 </div>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10040504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Issue highlights—July 2023","authors":"Wolfgang Kern","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22138","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22138","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Diagnostic techniques within hematology are becoming more sensitive and measurable residual disease (MRD) is gaining importance as a result—for both diagnosticians and patients. MRD measurement is increasingly used as a study endpoint in clinical trials and also in routine diagnostics—and as a strong predictor of treatment outcome. Currently, more sensitive and specific methods of measurement are in development. Besides molecular assays, flow cytometry is one of the most frequently used methods for MRD assessment due to its shorter turnaround time, its cost-effectiveness, and broader applicability.</p><p>In this issue, several researchers have delved into various aspects of flow cytometry techniques being used for MRD detection within hematological malignancies. Gao et al. introduced a single tube flow cytometry assay with high sensitivity for monitoring MRD in B-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL), independent of specific surface antigen expression like CD19 and CD22. As the authors point out, the development of such assays has become relevant due to the emergence of targeted anti-CD19 and anti-CD22 therapies (Gao, Chen, et al., <span>2023</span>; Gao, Liu, et al., <span>2023</span>). Targeted immunotherapy demonstrated encouraging results in recent years but induces significant changes in the phenotype of leukemic blasts concurrently. Therefore, alternative gating strategies have gained importance and potential CD19 substitutes have been proposed (Chen et al., <span>2023</span>; Mikhailova et al., <span>2022</span>).</p><p>The development of alternative gating strategies is also relevant independently of targeted therapies, as shown by the authors of the next article. In a rare case study, Ramalingam et al. reported a patient with CD19-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Since CD19 is currently the primary gating marker for B cell neoplasms, its absence may lead to erroneous results and potentially affect therapeutic strategies, so the authors (Ramalingam et al., <span>2022</span>). Challenges for flow cytometry approaches have been studied before (Gao, Chen, et al., <span>2023</span>; Gao, Liu, et al., <span>2023</span>; Huang et al., <span>2023</span>; Martig &amp; Fromm, <span>2022</span>).</p><p>In MRD detection, the avoidance of false positives is crucial as shown by Zhou et al. The authors discussed the pitfalls in MRD detection in B-ALL following targeted immunotherapy, describing the presence of two CD22-positive non-neoplastic cell populations. One progenitor population of uncertain lineage and one mature B-cell population were both immunophenotypic mimics of B-ALL. Zhou et al. concluded that an understanding of these normal cell populations is essential to avoid misinterpretation in MRD assessments and CD19-independent gating strategies, including CD22 and CD24, are key (Zhou et al., <span>2022</span>). Optimizing MRD measurement is at the forefront of numerous studies and alternative antigens (besides CD22 and CD24","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/cyto.b.22138","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10028473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clinical significance of end of induction measurable residual disease monitoring in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A single center experience","authors":"Arun Kumar Arunachalam,&nbsp;Sushil Selvarajan,&nbsp;Thenmozhi Mani,&nbsp;Nancy Beryl Janet,&nbsp;Madhavi Maddali,&nbsp;Sharon Anbumalar Lionel,&nbsp;Uday Kulkarni,&nbsp;Anu Korula,&nbsp;Fouzia N. Aboobacker,&nbsp;Aby Abraham,&nbsp;Biju George,&nbsp;Poonkuzhali Balasubramanian,&nbsp;Vikram Mathews","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22139","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22139","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) has emerged as a powerful prognostic tool for both pediatric and adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the prognostic relevance of the end of induction MRD in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B ALL) patients. The study included 481 patients who underwent treatment for B ALL between August 2012 and March 2019 and had their MRD at the end of induction assessed by flow cytometry. Baseline demographic characteristics were collected from the patient's clinical records. Event free survival (EFS) and relapse free survival (RFS) were calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis and survival estimates were compared using the log-rank test. End of induction MRD and baseline karyotype were the strongest predictors of EFS and RFS on multivariate analysis. The EFS was inversely related to the MRD value and the outcomes were similar in patients without morphological remission at the end of induction and patients in remission with MRD ≥1.0%. Even within the subgroups of ALL based on age, karyotype, <i>BCR::ABL1</i> translocation and the treatment protocol, end of induction MRD positive patients had poor outcomes compared to patients who were MRD negative. The study outcome would help draft end of induction MRD-based treatment guidelines for the management of B ALL patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10014115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An ultra-rapid screening method for acute leukemias","authors":"Olof Axler,&nbsp;Filippa Bild,&nbsp;Åsa C. M. Johansson","doi":"10.1002/cyto.b.22137","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cyto.b.22137","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10883,"journal":{"name":"Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2023-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9957921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}