Current pharmaceutical biotechnology最新文献

{"title":"Predicting Inhibitor Development in Hemophilia 'A' using Machine Learning: A Comprehensive Approach to Data Preprocessing, Balancing, and Biomarker Identification Using AI on the CHAMP Dataset.","authors":"Vikalp Kumar Singh, Maheshwari Prasad Singh","doi":"10.2174/0113892010366485250415101928","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010366485250415101928","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Hemophilia 'A' (HA) is a genetic blood disorder characterized by a deficiency of Factor VIII (FVIII), with treatment often triggering the development of neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) to FVIII. Predicting the development of these inhibitors is crucial for clinical applications but presents significant computational challenges due to data imbalance, skewed data, and inadequate data sanitization.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to develop a machine-learning/AI approach to find biomarkers and predict the development of inhibitors to Factor VIII in patients with Hemophilia 'A,' addressing the challenges associated with data imbalance and enhancing prediction accuracy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The data were sanitized and encoded for prediction, and the Random Over-sampling (ROS) technique was employed to resolve data imbalance in the CHAMP dataset. Several machine- learning classification models, including Random Forest, XG Boost, Cat Boost, Logistic Regression, Gradient Boosting, and Light GBM, were utilized. Hyperparameters were tuned using GridSearchCV optimization with a stratified k-fold approach. The performance of the models was evaluated based on accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 scores. The Random Forest model was further analyzed using an explainable AI (XAI) tool known as SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) to identify the variables influencing model performance.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The Random Forest model outperformed other classifiers, achieving a mean accuracy of 97.37%, along with closely aligned precision, recall, and F1 scores. The XAI tool SHAP facilitated the ranking of variables Clinical Severity, Variant Type, Exon, HGVS cDNA, hg19 Coordinates, and others according to their impact on the model's predictions. Additionally, the study identified biomarkers associated with FVIII inhibition.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a breakthrough in the early prediction of inhibitor development in Hemophilia 'A' patients, paving the way for personalized and effective treatment programs. The integration of the preprocessing pipeline, Random Forest model, and SHAP analysis offers a novel solution for guiding treatment strategies for HA patients, which could significantly enhance the development of targeted and effective therapies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143965089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Microbial Influences: The Microbiome's Impact on Pancreatic Cancer Development and Progression.","authors":"Md Fakruddin, Zarifah Chowdhury, Suraiya Nasrin Suprova, Bakhtiar Ul Islam, Jinath Sultana Jime, Nayeema Bulbul, Mohammad Badrul Anam, Shahnewaj Bin Mannan, Md Asaduzzaman Shishir","doi":"10.2174/0113892010356542250407143257","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010356542250407143257","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents significant challenges due to its dense stromal environment, which impedes treatment efficacy. Recent molecular and phenotypic analyses have enhanced our understanding of PDAC, driving the development of targeted therapies. Emerging research highlights the crucial role of the pancreatic tumor microbiome in PDAC initiation and progression. However, the specific mechanisms influencing the tumor microenvironment (TME) and systemic immunity remain incompletely understood. Studies have elucidated various genetic mutations, signaling pathways, and cellular interactions driving PDAC progression, aiding the development of targeted therapies. Despite these advances, overall survival rates for PDAC patients remain low, necessitating novel therapeutic strategies. Therapeutic strategies targeting the microbiome hold significant potential. Therapeutic strategies aimed at modulating microbiomes demonstrate significant potential for treating diseases and enhancing human well-being. Early research indicates that manipulating the microbiome could alter the TME to enhance the efficacy of existing treatments and lead to new therapeutic modalities. Modulating microbiomes might improve the delivery and effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents or sensitize the tumor to immunotherapy, potentially revolutionizing PDAC treatment paradigms. Microbes can indirectly contribute to pancreatic cancer by inducing chronic inflammation and immune dysregulation. Microbes create a pro-inflammatory environment conducive to cancer development. This persistent inflammation can lead to genetic mutations and a suppressed immune response, fostering an environment where cancer cells can thrive. This review synthesizes current evidence on how the microbiome influences PDAC development and progression, emphasizing its potential for early disease detection and novel therapeutic strategies. Early detection, particularly in premalignant conditions such as chronic pancreatitis and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (IPMN), is crucial for improving patient outcomes through timely intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comprehensive 4-Layered In Silico Pharmacogenomics Analysis of the Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) Test: Strong Genetic Evidence Supporting GARS as a Novel Personalized Pre-Addiction Assessment Tool in the Opioid Crisis Era","authors":"Alireza Sharafshah, Kai-Uwe Lewandrowski, Igor Elman, David Baron, Panayotis K Thanos, Colin Hanna, Mark S Gold, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Jean Lud Cadet, Edward J Modestino, Eric Braverman, Catherine A Dennen, Milan Makale, Keerthy Sunder, Kevin T Murphy, Abdalla Bowirrat, Albert Pinhasov, Marjorie Gondre-Lewis, Eliot Gardner, Daniel Sipple, Nicole Jafari, Foojan Zeine, Jag Khalsa, Rossano Kepler Alvim Fiorelli, Kenneth Blum","doi":"10.2174/0113892010353450250408114725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010353450250408114725","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Overdose involving opioids is the black heart of the addiction crisis. \"Pre-addiction,\" as an encouraging concept by NIDA and NIAAA, seems best captured with the construct of dopamine dysregulation. Referring to the abundant publications on \"Reward Deficiency Syndrome\" (RDS), Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test, RDSQ29, and KB220, Pre-addiction can be referred to as \"reward dysregulation\" as a suitable suggestion. The hypothesis is that the true phenotype is RDS, and other behavioral disorders are endophenotypes where the genetic variants play important roles, specifically in the Brain Reward Cascade (BRC).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study tested the pharmacogenomics of the GARS panel by a multi-model in silico investigation in four layers: 1) Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs); 2) Gene Regulatory Networks (GRNs); 3) Disease, drugs and chemicals (DDCs); and 4) Gene Coexpression Networks (GCNs).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All in silico findings were combined in an Enrichment Analysis for 59 refined genes, which represented highly significant associations of dopamine pathways in the BRC and supported our hypothesis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This paper provides scientific evidence for the importance of incorporating GARS as a predictive test to identify Pre-addiction, introduce unique therapeutic targets assisting in the treatment of pain, drug dosing of prescription pharmaceuticals, and identify the risk for subsequent addiction early in -life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143994038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Molecular Mechanisms of Immune Resistance in Pancreatic Cancer: An Update.","authors":"Wei Ming Pang, Wei Meng Lim, Zi Ni Ngai, Rhun Yian Koh","doi":"10.2174/0113892010365485250330110031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010365485250330110031","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Pancreatic cancer is an exceptionally aggressive form of cancer with a poor prognosis, primarily due to several factors, one of which is the significant development of immune resistance. Despite new medical perceptions of the interaction between the immune system and tumour, experts have continually explored the molecular mechanisms of immune resistance in pancreatic cancer over the years but have not yet reached a complete understanding. Studying immune resistance is also fundamental because it gives us a better understanding of how to develop highly effective, individualised immunotherapeutic approaches. However, various characteristics can be used to describe the degree of immunological resistance. In the case of pancreatic cancer, the Tumour Microenvironment (TME) is specially structured in a way that it consists of stroma abundantly. Concurrently, it can regulate the secretion and expression of various immunosuppressants, like programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), adenosine, and inosine that impairs the anti-tumour response attributed from the immune system, along with growth factors that contributes to the development of tumour growth. Besides, oncogenic pathways, such as TP53 and KRAS mutation and immunosuppressive cell populations, including T-regulating cells and myeloid-derived suppressor cells collaboratively suppress the immune activity, thereby inducing immune resistance. These complexities present significant challenges in designing effective treatments. Immune checkpoints and mechanisms such as PDL1- mediated MHC-1 downregulation, galectins, autophagy, TP53, and P2RX1-negative neutrophils also contribute to immune resistance. Hence, this review summarises the current knowledge regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms of immune resistance in pancreatic cancer, along with several existing molecular therapeutics and approaches to overcome these barriers.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143982741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Combating TB Pathology: Advanced Diagnostics, Innovative Therapies, and Public Health Strategies: A Review.","authors":"Satyajit Mohanty, Manmeet Kaur Khanna, Krishnendu Adhikary, Tuhin Mukherjee, Anwesha Sahu, Ivan Kahwa, Pranav Kumar Prabhakar, Mahendra Pratap Swain, Anasuya Sahoo, Manoj Kumar Parida","doi":"10.2174/0113892010355430250330074301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010355430250330074301","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a major global health challenge, largely due to the complex nature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Its early detection and effective management are heavily reliant on advanced diagnostic methods. New drug delivery systems and repurposing existing drugs show great promise in improving TB treatment. This study explores the progress and hurdles in developing anti-TB drugs, focusing on those currently in clinical trials. Additionally, innovative approaches like immunotherapy, combination therapy, and adjunct therapy, which include the use of phytochemicals, are examined for their potential to enhance treatment outcomes and tackle drug resistance. These innovative approaches could be the key to the future of the fight against TB. It also highlights how these strategies could accelerate TB treatment. It incorporates public health strategies for preventing TB transmission and ensuring patients adhere to treatments. By addressing these key areas, this work aims to contribute to the global fight against TB and improve the lives of those affected by the disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143993993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"siRNA Therapeutics in Lymphoma: Gene Targets, Delivery Strategies, and Synergy with Chemotherapy.","authors":"Obinna Ikebunwa, Vladislav Turenko, Ikenna Uchendu, Valeriia Kovchina, David Bagaev, Valery Smirnov","doi":"10.2174/0113892010363276250405191808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010363276250405191808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lymphoma is a type of cancer that arises from the lymphatic system, which involves the uncontrollable proliferation of abnormal lymphocytes. Traditionally, lymphoma is classified into Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. To date, chemotherapy remains one of the most common treatments for lymphoma. Notwithstanding the level of efficacy achieved in the use of chemotherapy, the toxicity and drug resistance by cancer cells have been a major obstacle in the treatment of lymphoma. Currently, researchers are exploring the use of siRNA to specifically target and knock down carcinogenic genes involved in lymphoma. The ability of siRNA to target specific genes makes it a good potential substitute for chemotherapeutic agents. Additionally, various delivery systems have also been developed over the years to help mitigate the challenges involved in siRNA delivery to their target genes, which include but are not limited to offtarget effects and systemic breakdown by nucleases. However, there are still many setbacks that need to be resolved to get the desired standard in using only siRNA for lymphoma treatment. Combinations of siRNA with chemotherapy drugs are successful against a variety of molecular targets and can make cancer cells more susceptible to treatment. Therefore, the use of chemotherapy and siRNA might provide the much-needed solution for lymphoma treatment, with reduced toxicity and increased efficacy. Considering the fact that some delivery systems have been developed for the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents and siRNA for treating cancers, exploring this option in lymphoma treatment would be a great option towards the right direction and requires better knowledge and development of siRNA therapeutics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Interaction Between Staphylococcus aureus and Microbiota: Invasion or Commensalism.","authors":"Ahmad Nasser, Shiva Jahanbakhshi","doi":"10.2174/0113892010364717250404175242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010364717250404175242","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The term \"Microbiota\" refers to the vast array of symbiotic microorganisms that coexist with their hosts in practically all organs. However, the microbiota must obtain nutrition and minerals from its host to survive; instead, they produce beneficial compounds to protect the host and regulate the immune system. Conversely, pathogenic bacteria utilize their enzymes to independently gain sustenance through an invasive process without almost any beneficial compound production. One of the fully equipped pathogens, Staphylococcus aureus, is present in nearly every organ and possesses a variety of defense and invasion systems including an enzyme, a mineral collection system, a system for detecting environmental conditions, and broad toxins. The microbiota properly can defend its kingdom against S. aureus; however, if necessary, the host immune system is alerted against the pathogen, so this system also acts against the pathogen, a game that can ultimately lead to the death of the pathogen. However, S. aureus can change the host's conditions in its favor by changing the host's conditions and causing inflammation, a condition that cannot be tolerated by the microbiota. In this review, we will explain how microbiota defend against S. aureus.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143984661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Protective Role of Coffee in Thioacetamide-induced Nephrotoxicity: A Study in Rats.","authors":"Syeda Nuzhat Fatima Zaidi, Amna Mohiuddin, Anar Gojayev, Afnan Jan, Abdullatif Bin Muhsinah, Ajmal Khan","doi":"10.2174/0113892010356725250329094402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010356725250329094402","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The purpose of the present research was to assess the protective role of coffee in thioacetamide-induced nephrotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The experimental period consisted of 18 weeks, divided into two phases. Four experimental groups were designed, each consisting of six rats. Group I was considered an untreated control group. Groups II and III were intraperitoneally injected with thioacetamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight twice a week for twelve weeks during the first phase of the study. In the second phase, group II received saline, and group III and group IV received 0.4 mg/Kg of coffee daily for six weeks. The biochemical analysis was evaluated by the estimation of plasma urea, uric acid, creatinine, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and catalase.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Thiocetamide-induced nephrotoxicity resulted in the reduction of body weight, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities, and an increase in kidney weight, plasma urea, uric acid, creatinine, and tissue malondialdehyde. Supplementation with coffee effectively increased body weight while reducing elevated levels of urea, uric acid, creatinine, and MDA. It also restored SOD and catalase activities in Group III (TAA + Coffee-treated).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This work shows that coffee can protect the kidneys against thioacetamide-induced nephrotoxicity in a rat model. It highlights the antioxidant potential of coffee by its ability to restore enzymatic antioxidant activity (SOD and catalase), lower oxidative stress markers (MDA), and enhance renal function measures (urea, creatinine, and uric acid). The study fills a significant gap by demonstrating coffee as a viable natural therapeutic agent for oxidative stressinduced kidney impairment, providing an alternative to conventional treatments with fewer side effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143969293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detailed Comprehensive Review on Advancement of Cubosomes and their Currently Available Applications.","authors":"Raghwendra R Waghmode, Pranay Wal, Seshadri Nalla, Praneeth Ivan Joel Fnu, Virat Kumar Khatri, Pravin Kumar Darji, Binit Patel, Ankita Wal","doi":"10.2174/0113892010347758250122173337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010347758250122173337","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Cubosomes, nanostructured lipid-based carriers, exhibit a promising potential in drug delivery due to their unique structure, which integrates amphiphilic lipids and polymer-based stabilizers. This review examines the scientific principles of digestion relevant to cubosome function, their structural and compositional aspects, and various processing methods. We also explore potential distribution pathways, drug delivery strategies, and therapeutic applications, including cancer therapy, antimicrobial therapy, vaccine delivery, ocular and dermatological applications, and transdermal delivery. Notably, some challenges still hinder the clinical application of cubosome products, which this review addresses. This paper aims to provide an in-depth discussion on cubosomes, encompassing their composition, theories, processing techniques, and the diverse administration routes that make them a versatile option for targeted drug delivery. A bibliographic review was conducted using major electronic databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Google Scholar, Springer, and Wiley) along with offline and online academic libraries for comprehensive data collection. Cubosomes, as innovative lipid-based nanotechnology similar to liposomes and niosomes, possess significant potential due to their unique bioadhesive properties, thermodynamic stability, and capability to encapsulate a variety of compounds. Composed typically of glyceryl monooleate and Phytantriol with a stabilizer, cubosomes enable sustained and targeted release, suggesting a broad range of applications. Further advancements are needed to address current limitations in their practical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143802672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dendrimers-Based Hydrogels and Nanogels for Drug Delivery.","authors":"Deblina D Bhowmik, Juhi S Gupta, Pallavi A Kamandar, Amol D Gholap, Satish Rojekar, Navnath T Hatvate","doi":"10.2174/0113892010347680250209183005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113892010347680250209183005","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Current developments in nanotechnology provide an alternative therapy for various diseases by utilizing customized medicine. Among some of the nanoscale superstructures made of the hydrophilic or amphiphilic polymeric matrix are nanogels. At the same time, hydrogels are the first biomaterials created for insertion into the human body and have several biological uses. Owing to the advantages of nanogels and hydrogel, including biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, controlled drug release, and intelligent drug delivery, another macromolecule called dendrimer is incorporated into the nanogel and hydrogel for synergistic effects. In this review, we focus on the applications of dendrimer-based hydrogels and nanogels as carriers for targeted delivery of drugs. We also present the synthetic processes, different characterization methods, and challenges in incorporating the dendrimer and the drug during the preparation of nanogel and hydrogel. In recent years, the most widely used dendrimers for hydrogel formation have been reported to be poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM), phosphorous, peptide, and polyester dendrimers. Dendrimer-based hydrogel and nanogels show various applications in the treatment of a wide range of diseases, such as glaucoma, cancer, and microbial diseases. The self-cleaving mechanism of dendrimer hydrogels (DH) leads to enhanced and sustained delivery of the drugs in the treatment of cancer. Recent studies show the use of doxorubicinconjugated nanogel-based PAMAM dendrimer as a capable nanocarrier for the delivery of drugs in the treatment of cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10881,"journal":{"name":"Current pharmaceutical biotechnology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2025-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143794802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}