Current World Environment最新文献

{"title":"A Review Paper on Assessing the Environmental Impact of Recycled Aggregate Production and Use","authors":"Pravin Ankushrao Nikam, A. K. Dwivedi, S. P. Ahirrao","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Garbage management has emerged as one of our planet's most serious challenges, owing to its considerable contribution to environmental issues. Waste from construction and destruction (C&D), together with agricultural waste, glass, and plastic garbage, account for the majority of this waste. Due to its considerable role in environmental problems, garbage management is an urgent global task. Recycling has gained popularity as a way to reduce landfill trash, including the aggregate made from recycled concrete (RCA) from construction and destruction debris (C&D), which has positive environmental impact, the society and the economy. India continues to employ a little amount of RCA in new construction despite its rising cement demand and generation of C&D waste. The use of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) in construction impacts concrete characteristics with advantages and disadvantages. Challenges include workability, density, and water absorption, mitigated by super plasticizer and altered absorption methods. This paper emphasises the advantages of RCA in structural concrete and the need for enhanced knowledge and ability for sustainable methods for trash management in the context of India's cement consumption and C&D waste management. The paper urges more investigation and effort to advance RCA as a practical option for handling C&D waste and minimising environmental effects.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria (PGPB): A Potent Source of Heavy Metal Stress Management in Plants","authors":"Ankita Gogoi, Nikha Borah, Ratul Nath","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.30","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals or metalloids are toxic elements found throughout the crust of the earth’s surface. The gradual increase of heavy metal concentration in soil and water due to some natural and anthropogenic activities like application of agrochemicals, waste disposal, industrial activities, mining, smelting, lead-based paints, etc cause stress to the local vegetation. Soil microorganisms play a critical part in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil and thereby exert direct or indirect promotion to plant growth. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB), specially the Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), are a natural, sustainable, and eco-friendly solution for mitigating stress challenges. They can boost plant growth by alleviating heavy metal toxicity through various mechanisms such as metal sequestration, metal immobilization, and production of metal chelating compounds, which reduce metal toxicity and enhance plant growth. This review summarizes the effect of heavy metal stress on plants, the response of plants to heavy metal stress, mechanisms involved in metal stress tolerance by soil bacteria, and their application in managing heavy metal stress in plants.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534804","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dilution of Salinity Using Rainwater Harvesting System - An Innovative Approach","authors":"Kulsum Fatima","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.26","url":null,"abstract":"In view of the increasing water demand, this paper recognizes rainwater harvesting as an innovative approach to the dilution of salinity. It proposes dilution of salinity to reduce both the direct and indirect effects of salinity on human health and well-being. This paper focuses on the saline regions of the Union Territory of Delhi. It identifies possibilities for salinity dilution by proposing an innovative approach to implement rainwater harvesting. For this purpose, this paper evaluates the rooftop rainwater harvesting potential for roof area including 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 square meter area, in the identified saline regions of National Capital Territory (NCT) Delhi. To assess the impact of the rainwater harvesting system on salinity dilution, different maps and data were analysed. These maps include a salinity map of Delhi, a depth-to-water level map of Delhi, water level fluctuation map of Delhi, isohytal map of Delhi, etc.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Challenges in Implementing Environmental Laws and Policies in India","authors":"Shyam Sundar","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.27","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the implementation challenges of environmental laws and policies in India. It reveals the difficulties and problems associated with breaking environmental laws and regulations in India. This study's primary goal is to list the several obstacles India must overcome in order to put environmental laws and policies into effect. A review of the literature of this study provides other points and topics that are aimed to be discussed. The importance of maintaining rules, issues for violating the rules, challenges faced during implementation, and strategies that may help mitigate the problems are discussed. Some theories may help to solve the issues. People are surveyed using the primary data collecting approach in order to obtain general data. Primary data is gathered from non-manipulable sources that do not exist. The data was analysed using the primary quantitative research approach. The secondary data were gathered from various books, newspapers, journals, and articles on Google Scholar. Thirteen questions and fifty-five surveys to gather people's opinions have been analysed using the SPSS program. A thorough explanation is dotted with statistical data. The difficulties encountered, parallels and divergences between the findings and the literature study are discussed. Demand for natural resources and food supplies is another effect of overpopulation. Humans must use natural resources in order to satisfy their needs. Amidst all of this, it is also evident that regulations and limits are ineffective because individuals are not abiding by them. Ultimately, it may be said that corruption, overpopulation, ignorance, and poor education are the key reasons for India's difficulties in implementing environmental laws and policies.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Forest Canopy Density Monitoring by Using Geospatial Techniques: A Study of Gadchiroli District, Maharashtra, India","authors":"Ravindra S. Medhe, Y. Badhe","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.31","url":null,"abstract":"Forest cover is a crucial part of the environment. It makes an essential contribution to the socio-economic and environmental welfare of the Nation. However, these forests are seriously threatened by deforestation, increased mining activity, population growth, uncontrolled urbanisation, a developing tendency of industrialisation, agricultural land purpose, shifting cultivation, effects on soil, water, and biodiversity, unsustainable forms of human activities and others. As a result, developing strategies to promote sustainable forest management, prevent desertification, prevent soil erosion, and halt environmental degradation is essential. Remote Sensing has enabled humans to observe and obtain information about the earth's surface with spatiotemporal changes. The Indian state of Maharashtra's Gadchiroli district is used as a study region. This study investigates forest canopy density and the spatiotemporal changes in forests. The geographical pattern of forest canopy density is displayed by several indices using data from Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 at 30 m spatial resolution. Try to make the study more relevant in the contemporary world. The research area's forest cover has changed through time, as shown by several multi-temporal data sets (1989 and 2019). The results revealed that between 1989 and 2019, forest canopy cover and forest density decreased. It indicated that over 30 years, 1045.51 sq. km of land had degraded. The amount of highly dense forest has decreased significantly over the research period, whereas the non-forest area has been gradually growing for the past 30 years.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Frequency and Intensity of Cyclonic Systems in CORDEX RCMs Model Environment under the Future Emission Scenarios","authors":"Ashutosh K Sinha, Pradhan Parth Sarthi","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical Cyclonic Disturbances (TCDs) are one of the most extreme meteorological calamities bringing destruction to life and livelihood in the coastal societies across the globe. With the rising concerns of climate change today, addressing the TCDs in future scenarios under the representative concentration pathways (RCPs) in climate models becomes a necessity. The current study investigates the frequency and intensity of these cyclonic systems in future climate over the Bay of Bengal (BoB) which is one of most vulnerable regions on earth for deadliest TCDs. To assess the TCDs frequency and intensity, we have considered TCDs in regional climate model REMO2009 and RegCM4 in future climatic conditions. The future climatic conditions include the intermediate emissions (IE) represented as RCP4.5 (R4.5) and high emission (HE) pathways i.e., RCP8.5 (R8.5). For this, we have considered the upcoming decades 2031-2060 (as near future climate) at model horizontal resolution 0.44°x0.44° (spatial resolution ~ 50 km) under both RCPs in both models i.e., REMO2009 under R4.5, RegCM4 under R4.5, REMO2009 under R8.5 and RegCM4 under R8.5. The projected TCD frequencies in the models under both the RCPs show high occurrence frequencies. Further, we observe a bimodal characteristic in the occurrence with October as primary TCD active month and May as secondary in almost all conditions. However, highly intense TCDs are more dominant in the month of May. The projected TCDs in future emissions scenarios likely show slightly increased TCDs besides surge in the intensity. The current results possibly suggest more potential destructive impacts due to TCDs on the coastal societies lying beside the BoB in upcoming decades. Thus, the present study is likely to help in framing TCDs associated mitigation and adaptation policies by the apex decision making authorities.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study for Adsorptive Detoxification of Pb+2 by Thiocarbamoyl Chitosan","authors":"Anurag Choudhary, Sardaar Singh Poonia, Anurag kadawasara","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.11","url":null,"abstract":"The environmental effect of industrial effluents, including chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) can have harmful impacts, which includes soil, water, and air pollution, bioaccumulation in food chains, degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and contaminated drinking water. Biopolymers such as chitosan have been widely used in wastewater treatment. The ability of thiocarbamoyl chitosan to remove lead ions was assessed by combining thio urea and glutaraldehyde (GLA). During the first two hours of interaction with sorbent, 86% of the metal ions were shown to have been eliminated. According to the adsorption investigation, the prepared sorbent had an outstanding removal rate of metal ions, with a Langmuir maximum absorption capacity of 38 mg/gm at 25 degrees Celsius and a pH of 6. With a linear coefficient of 0.9996, the data on adsorption kinetics were predicted using a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm, which suggests favourable adsorption by homogenous monolayer adsorption, might represent the adsorption process effectively. The adsorption procedure was also demonstrated to be exothermic at all temperatures, with spontaneous responses being energetically endorsed as indicated by negative free energy values.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on Limnological Parameters and their Impact on the Distribution and Diversity of Zooplankton in Anchar Lake, Kashmir","authors":"Maqsooda Akhtar, Yahya Bakhtiyar, Zahoor Ahmad Mir, Muni Parveen, Raheela Mushtaq","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.29","url":null,"abstract":"The transfer of energy from producers to consumers, such as fish, fish larvae, and invertebrates, is facilitated by zooplankton. Consequently, zooplankton play a crucial part in the productivity and functioning of aquatic ecosystems, and they are also involved in the application of several emerging environmental management concepts, such as Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), bioindication of pollution, and biomonitoring. To analyse the present condition of the Anchar Lake, this research was conducted to investigate the zooplankton association, their abundance, richness, diversity (Cladocera and Rotifera), and their seasonal fluctuations in connection to limnological factors. Four sampling sites were used to examine thirteen physicochemical parameters along with the abundance of zooplankton from January 2019 to December 2020. During the present investigation, significant variation (p < 0.05) was observed in transparency (trans), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TA), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), total hardness (TH), and total phosphorus (TP) between the different sites of Anchar Lake, whereas non-significant variation was observed in air temperature (AT), water temperature (WT), free carbon dioxide (FCO2), chloride (Cl-), and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N). The results further revealed a total of 44 zooplankton species, belonging to two: Rotifera (27 species) and Cladocera (17 species). The zooplankton diversity was found to vary on spatiotemporal scales showing maximum values for the Shannon diversity index in the case of Cladocera during spring (2.63±0.25) and for Rotifera during summer (2.53±0.25) whereas, minimum diversity values were recorded during winter for both Cladocera and Rotifera (1.54±0.44 &amp; 1.47±0.54 respectively). On the spatial scale, site-A2 showed maximum diversity of Cladocera (2.3±0.21), while site-A4 showed maximum diversity of Rotifera (1.99±0.03). The influence of physicochemical parameters on zooplankton distribution and diversity provides a detailed picture of the impact of pollution load in Anchar Lake.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gauging the Assessment of Some Anthropogenic Factors Driving Climate- Change","authors":"Arijit Chowdhuri, Charu Khosla Gupta","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.16","url":null,"abstract":"Climate-change (CC) is associated with any shifts in weather patterns, whether in space or time, and is largely attributed to enduring human activities. Climate-change is also caused by natural phenomena including dust storms, earthquakes and volcanic eruptions besides meteorites crashing onto the surface of the earth. Rising global temperatures are a significant consequence of climate-change, causing an increase in freak weather phenomena as well as causing damage to biodiversity, ecosystems, plant-pollinator connections, seed distribution and recruitment, food security, public-health and water. Presence and detection of oxides of nitrogen &amp; sulphur, methane, water-vapour and carbon-di-oxide (mainly greenhouse gases) constitute the key determinants of the ill-effects on climate caused by human interference and exploitation. Aerosols, too, contribute significantly to global warming, as do chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and perfluorocarbons (PFCs). By the conclusion of the century, a distressing increase of 1.5°C in average surface temperature is projected. This review examines the current condition of climate-change while investigating its causes, compiling results of its negative effects on plant pollination, seed dispersal, ecosystems and biodiversity, in addition to public health. Furthermore, this study also includes a comprehensive overview of sustainable mitigating measures to overcome the disaster of climate-change.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135988922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of LULC changes in Western Himalayan Mountain Landscape: A Case of Sainj River Valley, Himachal Pradesh (India)","authors":"Aarti Vatsal, Karanjot Kaur Brar, Vivek Vivek, Mohammad Irfan","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.2.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.2.26","url":null,"abstract":"Landscape is multifaceted and it is the result of human interactions with their surrounding environment. More than half of the population of the world is dependent on the mountains for their ecosystem services which are now exhibiting signs of human pressure in the form of environment degradation. Himalayan Mountains are also fast succumbing to human greed for land and resources, resulting in the changes in their landscape. In this work we evaluate land use/land cover (LULC) changes in the biodiversity hotspot within a particular region located in the Western Himalaya. Sainj River Valley is in Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. This study area is one of the major tributary of river Beas with an altitudinal range between 900 to 5800 meters, covering an area of 748.33 km2 and supporting a population over 25000 persons. For this study, we use GIS tools and remote sensing imagery of LANDSAT 5 and LANDSAT 8 for the year 1989 and 2020 respectively. Image classification has been done by using supervised classification with Maximum Likelihood Classifier (MLC) where seven different classes are identified. The result reveals significant increase in land use classes such as agriculture (34.19%); settlements (89.42%), barren land (33.54%), and pasture land (19.01%) while noticeable decrease has been observed in snow cover (60%) and forest land (14.18%). A considerable change in barren land to pasture and forest land reflects the biodiversity conservation and management efforts of the park administration.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135989238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}