Current World Environment最新文献

{"title":"An Investigation into the Microbiological Quality of Groundwater in an Industrial Hub in Mid-Hills of Northern India","authors":"Ajay K. Singh, S. K. Bhardwaj, Rajeev Kumar Aggarwal, Sunita Devi, Amit Guleri","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.16","url":null,"abstract":"Frequent water-borne disease outbreaks affecting human health have been reported in district Solan, which is a rapidly industrialing region of Himachal Pradesh, a northern state of India. For ascertaining the cause, microbiological assessment of drinking groundwater sources of the region was undertaken. For this, thermotolerant coliform study and genome typing were undertaken. Multiple tube fermentation technique was employed in selected five sources to detect thermotolerant coliforms during the seasons of monsoon and post-monsoon in the years 2018-19. Thermotolerant coliforms varied in Most Probable Number from 2-34 per 100 ml water indicating contaminated water sources, densities being significantly more in monsoon months (p< 0.05). Four different coliform morphotypes were obtained from all the sources on Eosin Methylene Blue plates. Of these, the only strain, designated as Nalagarh Water Strain (NGW), was recovered from all sources, suggesting its prevalence. Based upon biochemical and morphological attributes, the strain was recognized as Escherichia coli. Conversely, molecular characterization (16S rRNA ribotyping) identified it as Raoultella planticola (GenBank accession No. MK318824). The strain was deposited in a National Culture Collection Centre, National Centre for Microbial Resources, Pune, Maharashtra (India) with deposition accession number MCC 4064 for future utility in public research activities. Microbiological assessment evinced contaminated drinking water sources, probably causing diarrhoeal diseases. 16S rRNA ribotyping assisted in correct identification of the microorganism.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":"61 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Physico-Chemical Parameters and Inorganic Nutrient Ions in Relation with Seasonal Algal Diversity of River Ichhamati, West Bengal, India.","authors":"Monojit Ray, Suraj Sk","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.09","url":null,"abstract":"The present study reflects seasonal algal diversity as a source of food for fishes in the river Ichhamati during October 2021 to August 2022. To understand the seasonal algal pattern in the river Ichhamati, physicochemical parameters of river water such as Hardness, Conductivity, pH, Total Dissolve Solids, Turbidity, Dissolve Oxygen, Salinity, Turbidity, Total Alkalinity, Salinity, Biological Oxygen Demand as well as biologically significant inorganic ion concentrations in river water namely sodium, potassium, calcium, carbonate, bicarbonate, nitrate, chloride were also evaluated during study period. It is found that physico-chemical parameters and inorganic ions in river water play an important and significant role in seasonal algal growth. Throughout the study period it was established that river Ichhamati is not very rich in floral diversity. During study time it was observed that dominant group of algae in this river are Chlophytes, Cyanophytes and Bacilariophyceae, including Species of Oscillatoria Nostoc, Klebsormidium, Spirogyra, Lyngbya, Chlorococcum, Chlorella, Diatoms in all seasons. During spring, summer and monsoon Conductivity, salinity, TDS and hardness of river water is high. Ichhamati contained adequate Na+, K+ and NO3- in summer and monsoon season. High rate of bio-mineralisation during winter was found due to presence of high calcium ion concentration and also high TDS along with high salinity as well as high hardness of river water.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":" 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Statistical Analysis of Thirty-Year Rainfall Variability in Udaipur District, Rajasthan, India","authors":"Porush Kumar, Kuldeep Kamboj, Shalu Vyas, A. Mathur","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"The rainfall variability for the Udaipur district for thirty years (1991–2020) was statistically analysed in this study. The linear regression (parametric) and Mann–Kendall (non-parametric) trend test along with precipitation indices performed using rainfall data collected from 9 rain gauge stations situated in different parts of the Udaipur district, Rajasthan, India. An increasing trend was found between the months March to November in the Udaipur district, indicating that total annual rainfall has increased in these months during the study period. About 85.20% of the total annual rainfall is occurred due to the southwest monsoon during the rainy season. The PCI (21.74 to 57.92) and CV (11.04 to 21.23) values show the high-nonuniformity and less rainfall variability, respectively. The SRA values for each year have been greater than -0.84 (no drought category) during the study period. The rainfall deficiency took place only four out of 30 years of the study period, 1995, 1999, 2000, and 2002, which fall under the category of large deficiency. The values of the wetness index indicate that during the study period,2006 was the wettest year due to the maximum rainfall (Wi = 179.07) while 2000 was the driest year due to the minimum rainfall (Wi = 54.26). Total annual rainfall has increased in the last three decades, which shows the need for implementation of all necessary plans by the government for proper rainwater utilization and management to prevent future natural disasters like floods.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":" 27","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of ARIMA and other Statistical Techniques in Rainfall Forecasting: A Case Study in Kolkata (KMC), West Bengal","authors":"Md Juber Alam, Arijit Majumder","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.37","url":null,"abstract":"Rainfall forecasting in urban areas is a significant consideration for city planners due to its connection with urban water management. In this study, the ARIMA (auto-regressive integrated moving average) model, as well as several regression approaches such as simple linear and second to sixth-degree polynomial regression equations, have been used to forecast the annual rainfall based on 120 years of monthly and annual rainfall from 1901 to 2020 in Kolkata Municipal Corporation (KMC), West Bengal. This study compares the performance of ARIMA and other regression techniques in forecasting rainfall using the metrics of R-squared and root mean square error (RMSE). The ARIMA model has been implemented using machine learning techniques in the Python programming language, while additional regression equations have been computed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2019. In order to employ the ARIMA model, all assumptions were assessed, and the optimal model order was established using the import auto-Arima package from the pmdarima.arima library. The stepwise model.aic function yielded 0,1,1 as the most suitable order for the model. The findings indicate that, out of all the regression methods employed for rainfall prediction, the fifth-degree polynomial equation exhibits the lowest root mean square error (RMSE), establishing it as the most effective model for rainfall forecasting in this study.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":" 74","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Potential Use of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) for Medicinal Plant Cultivation in Meghalaya: A Review","authors":"Dhritiman Chanda, G. D. S. ,. M. Ibnat, T. M. Jamir","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.04","url":null,"abstract":"Beneficial PGPR have been identified in a range of plant species, including those with medicinal properties. These PGPR have been shown to enhance the growth and development of medicinal plants through the improvement of nutrient availability in rhizospheric root systems. Some medicinal plants have been found to harbour specific strains of PGPR that are associated with increased medicinal properties and enhanced bioactive compound production. So, the use of PGPR can minimise the application of chemical fertilizer for the production of rare species of medicinal plants. This review highlights the future research works which are needed in many areas of Meghalaya by the use of various beneficial strains of PGPR to reduce the use of pesticide for commercial application in the cultivation of medicinal plants. The PGPR has the ability to increase the soil fertility be decreasing the concentration of inorganic fertilizer and thereby they are regarded as the potential strains to be used as biofertilizer which in turn will also improve the cultural practices of Meghalaya to conserve a large number of rare and endangered medicinal plants.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":"68 31","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Aquatic Insects as Bioindicators of Water Quality in the Achenkovil River, Kerala, India.","authors":"Sujitha S, S. R, Beena S Kurup","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.22","url":null,"abstract":"The origin of the Achenkovil River, the Devarmalai of Western Ghats, is within the Konni reserve forest of Pathanamthitta district, flowing through Pathanamthitta, Kollam, and merging with the Pamba river in the Alappuzha district. This study included the spatial variation of aquatic insect fauna with respect to water quality. The bottom water samples and insect fauna were collected bimonthly using a Niskin sampler and D-frame nets for a period of one year (February 2019 to January 2020). The study yielded 10736 insect fauna under 8 orders, 21 families, 35 genera, and 36 species. How the quality of the water affects biodiversity of aquatic insects was examined using multivariate statistical techniques (PCA and CCA) and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The findings showed that the upstream portion of the river has a remarkable diversity and quantity of aquatic insect species. The major insect group in the collected sample was ephemeroptera. There were no pollution-sensitive taxa in the middle stream or downstream portions of the river, which suggests that the water quality was declining. The middle stream and downstream sections of the river did not contain any pollution-sensitive taxa, indicating deteriorating water quality. Human-caused factors like washing, cleaning cars, and washing cattle and disposal of garbage are common in these regions. Because most aquatic insects are sensitive to environmental fluctuations, they can be used as an efficient tool in biomonitoring studies.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":" 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in Physicochemical Parameters of Soil Along the Villages in Pendhurti Block of Visakhapatnam District, Andhra Pradesh","authors":"H. S. Vardhan Dora1, Y.V. Singh, P. K. Bharteey, A. Latare, Surajyoti Pradhan, Sumit Rai, H. Bhagyasri","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.23","url":null,"abstract":"Soil represents a critical element of plant existence, ranking prominently among the five essential elements. When soil quality declines, it adversely impacts crop productivity. In the present research, the emphasis was placed on conducting a physicochemical analysis of soils in various villages within the Pendhurti block of Visakhapatnam district. In this research, 30 samples of soil were gathered haphazardly from 0 to 15 cm depth across 15 distinct villages.The soil samples gathered underwent analysis in a laboratory to assess their physicochemical parameters. The results revealed that the soil pH exhibited a neutral to slightly alkaline reaction i.e. 6.9 to 8.2 and EC 0.076 to 0.381. The organic-C content was found to be low i.e. (0.12 to 0.59). The Particle density and bulk density were observed to be 2.05 to 2.8 Mg m-3 and 1.33 to 1.57 Mg m-3. The available N in soil was found lowi.e.75.26 to 137.98 kg ha-1, medium to low for K (78.4 to 389.40), and high for P i.e. (22.38 to 151.98 kg ha-1). The available Ca and Mg were recorded to be adequate and S was low to medium (0.21 to 19.6 mg kg-1) and nutrient index values for N, S, Organic-C found to be low, medium for K and high for P. The available micronutrients were reported sufficient (Cu, Zn) to high (Fe, Mn).This analysis emphasizes the need for a greater emphasis on improving soil quality using enhanced practices such as integrated nutrient management and crop rotations, rather than depending solely on monoculture farming.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":" 56","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139628014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimizing CI Engine Ethanol Fuel Induction Techniques Using the AHP-PROMETHEE II Hybrid Decision Model","authors":"Mazar A Shaikh, Vimal R Patel","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Ethanol along with nanoparticles stands out as a promising alternative in the pursuit of environmentally sustainable fuel options, offering a potential solution to the dual challenge of curbing NOx and PM/soot emissions while optimizing engine performance in compliance with stringent pollution regulations for compression ignition (CI) engines. The research study aims to optimize ethanol fuel induction techniques for CI engines. It utilizes a hybrid decision-making approach that integrates the analytic hierarchy process- AHP- for problem structuring and the derivation of preference weights. Subsequently, the preference ranking organization method for enrichment evaluations-PROMETHEE II is applied to assess and rank the existing alternatives. The study entails a methodical assessment of diverse ethanol induction methods across varying engine load ranges, considering multiple criteria including engine performance, emissions, combustion behavior, and exhaust after-treatment efficiency. Hybrid AHP-PROMETHEE II model provides criteria weights and ranks ethanol induction techniques and fuel blends across low, medium, and high engine loads for decision-making. It ensures that the method chosen aligns with goals, such as reducing NOx and soot emissions, optimizing engine performance, enhancing combustion, and minimizing exhaust after-treatment costs for CI engines. According to the research findings, the hybrid AHP-PROMETHEE II model identifies the CI engine operating at medium load with ethanol blending (DE10) and without the use of nanoparticles as the preferred choice. Additionally, AHP-PROMETHEE II (AHP derived criteria weights) and PROMETHEE II (direct rating derived criteria weights) models, suggested DE10 with nanoparticle (DE10_NP) using blending technique at low load and combined blending-fumigation technique with nanoparticles at high load. However, at medium load, PROMETHEE II recommends DE10_NP, while AHP-PROMETHEE II recommends DE10 blending technique. To assess the performance and reliability of this model, the consistency ratio and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient indices were computed, yielding values of 0.05 and 0.59, respectively. Both indices fall below the predetermined threshold limits, indicating a high level of consistency of the model.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":"63 41","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Climate Change Mitigation Potential of Forestry Sector for Sustainability of Agro-Ecosystem: A Review","authors":"M. K. Tripathi, Hemant Kumar, P. K. Tyagi","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.02","url":null,"abstract":"Ecosystems that are currently struggling are likely faring and pathetic conditions because of climate change. The most pressing problems facing people in the world's developing parts of the world are water scarcity, dwindling biodiversity, and stagnant agricultural output. According to the majority of scientists, global warming can be stopped before it becomes irreversible if temperatures are kept within a range of 1.5 to 2 degrees Celsius. Greenhouse gases, sometimes known as GHGs, are the burning causes of climate change impacts. Accelerated emissions of GHGs could be dependent on the rate of social, economic, and technological development. Forest systems have a crucial impact in mitigating global warming. Clearing forests, setting them on fire, or otherwise destroying those releases massive amounts of other greenhouse gases (GHGs), even if the forests are the planet's greatest terrestrial carbon sink. Forests' source-sink dynamics and the total quantity of carbon they store are profoundly impacted by regional differences in human land use, anthropogenic climate change, and disturbance. Constantly expanding conservation, restoration, reforestation, and afforestation operations will be necessary to keep global warming under control and stop it from exceeding the crucial threshold. Forests are currently being employed as a potential tool for combating climate change, which has been demonstrated to be an effective and long-term strategy. However, the impact of climate change on forests is largely negative. The negative effects of climate change on forests are becoming more pronounced, as evidenced by an increase in the forest fire events and results in a shift in species distribution at higher altitudes, an increase in dieback, an increase in the number of insect and pathogen infestations, drought and flood conditions, and a decrease in the ecosystem services provided by forests. The IPCC has predicted that changes to ecosystems, arctic ice melting, rising sea levels, decreased grain yields, declining fisheries, and the loss of coral reefs will all have significant consequences. Therefore, protecting ecosystem services and biodiversity is crucial to ensuring humanity's survival.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":"60 32","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Physico-Chemical Characteristics of the River Kulik of the Uttar Dinajpur District of West Bengal, India","authors":"Jayanta Majumder, Debashri Mondal","doi":"10.12944/cwe.18.3.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12944/cwe.18.3.29","url":null,"abstract":"The river Kulik is an internationally important river between India and Bangladesh. Till date, no work has been done to understand the physico-chemical characteristics as well as the pollution status of the river Kulik at the Raiganj and Hemtabad blocks in the Uttar Dinajpur district, West Bengal, India. The goal of this investigation was to analyse different physico-chemical parameters to understand the present level of pollution in the river Kulik for two years, from November 2019 until October 2021. The investigation was carried out on a monthly basis at five selected sampling sites along the river Kulik. Different physico-chemical parameters were analysed following the methods of APHA, 2017. The pH varied from 5.90 to 7.86, which indicates the slightly acidic to slightly alkaline nature of the water. The lowest dissolved oxygen (DO) value recorded at site 5 (1.60 mgL-1) during the winter season of the first year may have been caused by excessive fertilizer application in agricultural fields close to the river Kulik. The abrupt rise in DO levels from March 2020 to June 2020 at every site might be due to the lesser anthropogenic activities during the lockdown in India because of the COVID-19 Pandemic situation. The highest BOD was found in April 2020 at Site 5, which crossed the limits of the CPCB standard set for drinking and bathing. Public awareness is crucial for river pollution control and revival; further study is needed to understand water quality and productivity.","PeriodicalId":10878,"journal":{"name":"Current World Environment","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139627963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}