Kinetic, Equilibrium and Thermodynamic Study for Adsorptive Detoxification of Pb+2 by Thiocarbamoyl Chitosan

The environmental effect of industrial effluents, including chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), copper (Cu), and nickel (Ni) can have harmful impacts, which includes soil, water, and air pollution, bioaccumulation in food chains, degradation of ecosystems, loss of biodiversity, and contaminated drinking water. Biopolymers such as chitosan have been widely used in wastewater treatment. The ability of thiocarbamoyl chitosan to remove lead ions was assessed by combining thio urea and glutaraldehyde (GLA). During the first two hours of interaction with sorbent, 86% of the metal ions were shown to have been eliminated. According to the adsorption investigation, the prepared sorbent had an outstanding removal rate of metal ions, with a Langmuir maximum absorption capacity of 38 mg/gm at 25 degrees Celsius and a pH of 6. With a linear coefficient of 0.9996, the data on adsorption kinetics were predicted using a pseudo-second order kinetic model. The Langmuir isotherm, which suggests favourable adsorption by homogenous monolayer adsorption, might represent the adsorption process effectively. The adsorption procedure was also demonstrated to be exothermic at all temperatures, with spontaneous responses being energetically endorsed as indicated by negative free energy values.