Current Protocols in Protein Science最新文献

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In Situ Imaging of Tryptic Peptides by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using Fresh-Frozen or Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue 使用新鲜冷冻或福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织的MALDI成像质谱法原位成像胰蛋白酶肽
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-08-16 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.65
Peggi M. Angel, Kim Norris-Caneda, Richard R. Drake
{"title":"In Situ Imaging of Tryptic Peptides by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry Using Fresh-Frozen or Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue","authors":"Peggi M. Angel,&nbsp;Kim Norris-Caneda,&nbsp;Richard R. Drake","doi":"10.1002/cpps.65","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.65","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Tryptic peptide imaging is a primary workflow for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) and has led to new information reporting highly multiplexed protein localization. Technological advances within the last few years have produced robust tools for automated spraying of both matrix and enzymes. When combined with high-mass-resolution and high-mass-accuracy instrumentation, studies now generally result in two-dimensional mapping of well over 1,000 peptide peaks. This protocol describes sample preparation, spraying, and application of enzymes and matrices, and MALDI FT-ICR instrumental considerations for two-dimensional mapping of tryptic peptides from fresh-frozen or formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Procedures for extraction of tryptic peptides from tissue sections for LC-MS/MS identification are also described. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.65","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36403661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 19
Computational Prediction of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins and Binding Sites 碳水化合物结合蛋白和结合位点的计算预测
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-08-14 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.75
Huiying Zhao, Ghazaleh Taherzadeh, Yaoqi Zhou, Yuedong Yang
{"title":"Computational Prediction of Carbohydrate-Binding Proteins and Binding Sites","authors":"Huiying Zhao,&nbsp;Ghazaleh Taherzadeh,&nbsp;Yaoqi Zhou,&nbsp;Yuedong Yang","doi":"10.1002/cpps.75","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.75","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Protein-carbohydrate interaction is essential for biological systems, and carbohydrate-binding proteins (CBPs) are important targets when designing antiviral and anticancer drugs. Due to the high cost and difficulty associated with experimental approaches, many computational methods have been developed as complementary approaches to predict CBPs or carbohydrate-binding sites. However, most of these computational methods are not publicly available. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of related studies and demonstrate our two recently developed bioinformatics methods. The method SPOT-CBP is a template-based method for detecting CBPs based on structure through structural homology search combined with a knowledge-based scoring function. This method can yield model complex structure in addition to accurate prediction of CBPs. Furthermore, it has been observed that similarly accurate predictions can be made using structures from homology modeling, which has significantly expanded its applicability. The other method, SPRINT-CBH, is a de novo approach that predicts binding residues directly from protein sequences by using sequence information and predicted structural properties. This approach does not need structurally similar templates and thus is not limited by the current database of known protein-carbohydrate complex structures. These two complementary methods are available at https://sparks-lab.org. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.75","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36396048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Sequence Similarity Searching 序列相似性搜索
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-08-13 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.71
Gang Hu, Lukasz Kurgan
{"title":"Sequence Similarity Searching","authors":"Gang Hu,&nbsp;Lukasz Kurgan","doi":"10.1002/cpps.71","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.71","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Sequence similarity searching has become an important part of the daily routine of molecular biologists, bioinformaticians and biophysicists. With the rapidly growing sequence databanks, this computational approach is commonly applied to determine functions and structures of unannotated sequences, to investigate relationships between sequences, and to construct phylogenetic trees. We introduce arguably the most popular BLAST-based family of the sequence similarity search tools. We explain basic concepts related to the sequence alignment and demonstrate how to search the current databanks using Web site versions of BLASTP, PSI-BLAST and BLASTN. We also describe the standalone BLAST+ tool. Moreover, this unit discusses the inputs, parameter settings and outputs of these tools. Lastly, we cover recent advances in the sequence similarity searching, focusing on the fast MMseqs2 method. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"95 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.71","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36392416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 48
Isolation of Antibodies to Heparan Sulfate on Glypicans by Phage Display 用噬菌体展示法分离硫酸肝素抗体
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.66
Heungnam Kim, Mitchell Ho
{"title":"Isolation of Antibodies to Heparan Sulfate on Glypicans by Phage Display","authors":"Heungnam Kim,&nbsp;Mitchell Ho","doi":"10.1002/cpps.66","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.66","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Heparan sulfate (HS) plays an important role in development and disease. It interacts with many growth factors, chemokines, and other ligands known to be important for cell growth, motility, and differentiation. However, isolating an antibody to HS in mice, rabbits, or humans is difficult due to the poor immunogenicity of HS. Phage display is a major antibody engineering technology that allows the selection of antibodies for poorly immunogenic or highly conserved antigens. This protocol contains detailed procedures for HS antigen preparation and isolation of a phage displayed human single-chain Fv (HS20) that binds HS on glypican-3 (GPC3), and analysis of the selected phage antibody. It is conceivable that the procedures described in this protocol may be applicable to the isolation of antibodies for a variety of HS molecules. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.66","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36383669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 14
One-Dimensional Electrophoresis Using Nondenaturing Conditions 非变性条件下的一维电泳
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-08-09 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.73
Sean R. Gallagher
{"title":"One-Dimensional Electrophoresis Using Nondenaturing Conditions","authors":"Sean R. Gallagher","doi":"10.1002/cpps.73","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.73","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Electrophoresis is used to separate complex mixtures of proteins (e.g., from cells, subcellular fractions, column fractions, or immunoprecipitates), to investigate subunit composition, track post-translational modifications, and verify identity and homogeneity of protein samples. It can also serve to purify proteins for use in further applications. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, proteins migrate in response to an electrical field through pores in a polyacrylamide gel matrix; pore size decreases with increasing acrylamide concentration. Nondenaturing or “native” electrophoresis—i.e., electrophoresis in the absence of denaturants such as detergents and urea—is an often-overlooked technique for determining the native size, subunit structure, and optimal separation of a protein. Because mobility depends on the size, shape, and intrinsic charge of the protein, nondenaturing electrophoresis provides a set of separation parameters distinctly different from mainly size-dependent denaturing sodium dodecyl sulfate—polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and charge-dependent isoelectric focusing. Two protocols are presented below. Continuous PAGE is highly flexible, permitting cationic and anionic electrophoresis over a full range of pH. The discontinuous procedure is limited to proteins negatively charged at neutral pH but provides high resolution for accurate size calibration.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.73","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36383666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
In Situ Imaging of N-Glycans by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Fresh or Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue 新鲜或福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织的MALDI成像质谱法原位成像n-聚糖
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-08-03 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.68
Richard R. Drake, Thomas W. Powers, Kim Norris-Caneda, Anand S. Mehta, Peggi M. Angel
{"title":"In Situ Imaging of N-Glycans by MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry of Fresh or Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Tissue","authors":"Richard R. Drake,&nbsp;Thomas W. Powers,&nbsp;Kim Norris-Caneda,&nbsp;Anand S. Mehta,&nbsp;Peggi M. Angel","doi":"10.1002/cpps.68","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.68","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Glycosylation of cell surface, secreted, and circulating proteins is one of the most common types of post-translational modification. These modifications occur most commonly as one of three major classes: N-linked glycosylation on asparagine residues, O-linked glycosylation on serine or threonine residues, or as glycosaminoglycan oligosaccharide polymers on serine. Specifically, for N-linked glycans, an endoglycosidase enzyme, peptide N-glycosidase F (PNGase F), cleaves the attached oligosaccharides between the asparagine and first sugar. A method to analyze released N-glycans and map them to specific locations within a tissue is presented here. The PNGase F is applied by solvent sprayer as a molecular layer on frozen or formalin-fixed tissues and all released N-glycans in a given region of tissue are detected using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS). Using the described MALDI-IMS protocol, at least 40 or more individual N-glycans can be mapped to tissue histopathology and extracted for further structural analysis approaches. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"94 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-08-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.68","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"36369087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 66
Delivery of Fluorescent Probes Using Streptolysin O for Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Cells 利用链溶素O递送荧光探针用于活细胞荧光显微镜
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-07-30 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.60
Kai Wen Teng, Pin Ren, Paul R. Selvin
{"title":"Delivery of Fluorescent Probes Using Streptolysin O for Fluorescence Microscopy of Living Cells","authors":"Kai Wen Teng,&nbsp;Pin Ren,&nbsp;Paul R. Selvin","doi":"10.1002/cpps.60","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.60","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Methods to efficiently deliver fluorophores across the cell membrane are crucial for imaging the dynamics of intracellular proteins using fluorescence. Here we describe a simple protocol for permeabilizing living cells using streptolysin O, a bacterial toxin, which allows transient uptake of fluorescent probes for labeling specific intracellular proteins. The technique is applicable for delivering different classes of fluorescent probes with a molecular weight of &lt;150 kDa, and it is also applicable to a variety of different cell lines. The technique enables the utilization of a broad range of fluorophores for live cell imaging of intracellular proteins. Extended observation of intracellular fluorescence bound to specific proteins is now possible through super-resolution microscopy by using fluorophores that are photostable in “cell-friendly” deoxygenating and reducing conditions. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.60","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9205879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 8
Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation Using Phos-Tag Gels 利用Phos-Tag凝胶分析蛋白质磷酸化
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-07-25 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.64
Zoltan Nagy, Shane Comer, Albert Smolenski
{"title":"Analysis of Protein Phosphorylation Using Phos-Tag Gels","authors":"Zoltan Nagy,&nbsp;Shane Comer,&nbsp;Albert Smolenski","doi":"10.1002/cpps.64","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.64","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Phos-tag gels are recent tools to dissect protein phosphorylation that operate by inducing a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of phosphorylated proteins compared to their nonphosphorylated counterparts. This article describes the preparation and electrophoresis of Zn<sup>2+</sup>-Phos-tag gels along with electrotransfer of the separated phospho- and nonphosphoproteins onto a PVDF membrane using either wet-tank or semidry transfer. We also discuss the theory behind the technology with critical parameters to keep in mind for its successful application. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.64","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 30
Screening of Detergents for Stabilization of Functional Membrane Proteins 稳定功能性膜蛋白的洗涤剂的筛选
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-07-18 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.59
Guillaume Lenoir, Thibaud Dieudonné, Anaïs Lamy, Maylis Lejeune, José-Luis Vazquez-Ibar, Cédric Montigny
{"title":"Screening of Detergents for Stabilization of Functional Membrane Proteins","authors":"Guillaume Lenoir,&nbsp;Thibaud Dieudonné,&nbsp;Anaïs Lamy,&nbsp;Maylis Lejeune,&nbsp;José-Luis Vazquez-Ibar,&nbsp;Cédric Montigny","doi":"10.1002/cpps.59","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.59","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Membrane protein studies usually require use of detergents to extract and isolate proteins from membranes and manipulate them in a soluble context for their functional or structural characterization. However, solubilization with detergent may interfere with MP stability and may directly affect MP function or structure. Moreover, detergent properties can be affected such as critical micellar concentration (CMC) can be affected by the experimental conditions. Consequently, the experimenter must pay attention to both the protein and the behavior of the detergent. This article provides a convenient protocol for estimating the CMC of detergents in given experimental conditions. Then, it presents two protocols aimed at monitoring the function of a membrane protein in the presence of detergent. Such experiments may help to test various detergents for their inactivating or stabilizing effects on long incubation times, ranging from few hours to some days. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.59","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9222007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 7
Using Fluorescence Anisotropy for Ligand Binding Kinetics of Membrane Proteins 利用荧光各向异性研究膜蛋白的配体结合动力学
Current Protocols in Protein Science Pub Date : 2018-07-16 DOI: 10.1002/cpps.63
Kirsten N. Swonger, Anne S. Robinson
{"title":"Using Fluorescence Anisotropy for Ligand Binding Kinetics of Membrane Proteins","authors":"Kirsten N. Swonger,&nbsp;Anne S. Robinson","doi":"10.1002/cpps.63","DOIUrl":"10.1002/cpps.63","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Determining ligand binding kinetics provides an indirect route to probe the functional capabilities of the binding pocket of a membrane protein receptor. Presented in this unit are four ligand-binding protocols that provide data useful for characterizing membrane proteins, including equilibrium binding, thermostability, competitive ligand binding, and kinetic ligand binding. These techniques use fluorescence anisotropy, which is safer, less costly, and simpler to execute than radioactive ligand binding. Each protocol may be used on its own or in combination with others to quantify a number of ligand binding constants. © 2018 by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.</p>","PeriodicalId":10866,"journal":{"name":"Current Protocols in Protein Science","volume":"93 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1002/cpps.63","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10654553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
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