Current Medical Mycology最新文献

{"title":"<i>Candida auris</i> in a tertiary healthcare setting in south India: A case series.","authors":"Asem Ali Ashraf, Rohan Steve Pinto, Vimal Kumar Karnaker","doi":"10.22034/CMM.2024.345186.1502","DOIUrl":"10.22034/CMM.2024.345186.1502","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Candida</i> species can produce a variety of clinical manifestations, and several non-<i>albicans</i> species of <i>Candida</i>, including <i>Candida auris</i>, have been linked to the rise of invasive fungal infections with high rates of treatment failure. Nosocomial outbreaks and high mortality rates in healthcare institutions across the globe have been associated with <i>C. auris</i>, an emerging infectious yeast that was initially discovered in the ear canal of an elderly Japanese patient in 2009. The fact that <i>C. auris</i> has been found on six continents after it was initially isolated has raised serious concerns among scientists and healthcare practitioners. At present, healthcare facilities lack defined protocols for the effective prevention and control of <i>C. auris</i> infections, as well as appropriate treatment alternatives. This leads to frequent therapeutic failures and complicates the eradication of <i>C. auris</i> infection in healthcare facilities. Studies on <i>C. auris</i> in South India are often limited, and healthcare workers urgently need to be made aware of infections caused by it in order to assess its impact and possible implications for the healthcare system. This study aimed to report seven patients hospitalized in our center who developed <i>C. auris</i> infections with varying clinical manifestations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 4","pages":"33-38"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230147/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>In vitro</i> antifungal activity of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles using plant extracts and six comparators against clinical <i>Fusarium</i> strains.","authors":"Mohsen Nosratabadi, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimzadeh, Seyedeh Roya Alizadeh, Iman Haghani, Leila Faeli, Robab Ebrahimi Barogh, Abdullah M S Al Hatmi, Mahdi Abastabar","doi":"10.22034/CMM.2024.345189.1504","DOIUrl":"10.22034/CMM.2024.345189.1504","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong><i>Fusarium</i> species are commonly resistant to many antifungal drugs. The limited therapeutic options available have led to a surge of research efforts aimed at discovering novel antifungal compounds in recent decades. This study aimed to assess the <i>in vitro</i> antifungal activity of plant-based biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se NPs) and six comparators against a set of clinical <i>Fusarium</i> strains.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong><i>In vitro</i> antifungal activity of Se NPs synthesized using plant extracts of <i>Allium paradoxum</i>, <i>Crocus caspius</i>, <i>Pistacia vera</i> L. hull, <i>Vicia faba</i> L. hull and <i>Heracleum persicum</i>, as well as six common antifungal drugs, namely voriconazole, itraconazole, amphotericin B, posaconazole, natamycin, and caspofungin were evaluated against 94 clinical <i>Fusarium</i> strains using broth microdilution according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guideline.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The obtained results were intriguing since all five types of biosynthesized Se NPs demonstrated significantly higher antifungal activity, compared to antifungal drugs. It was found that Se NPs synthesized by <i>V. faba</i> L. hull extract (0.03 μg/ml) had the lowest geometric mean minimum inhibitory concentration value followed by Se NPs synthesized by <i>P. vera</i> L. hull extract (0.25 μg/ml), <i>A. paradoxum</i> extract (0.39 μg/ml), <i>C. caspius</i> extract (0.55 μg/ml), and <i>H. persicum</i> extract (0.9 μg/ml).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Plant-based Se NPs demonstrated supreme antifungal activity and could be considered promising antifungal agents for <i>Fusarium</i> infections. However, tests, such as toxicity and <i>in vivo</i> tests are needed before the product can be used in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 4","pages":"17-23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230142/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced <i>in-vitro</i> anti-<i>Candida</i> efficacy of <i>Euphorbia milii</i> Des Moul mediated copper nanoparticles against clinically isolated <i>Candida albicans</i>.","authors":"Rosy Bala, Narinder Kaur, Nitin Gupta, Shahbaz Aman, Shalini Shriwastav","doi":"10.22034/cmm.2024.345176.1493","DOIUrl":"10.22034/cmm.2024.345176.1493","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Emergence of fungi as a pathogenic threat presents a significant challenge to public health, notably in intensive care units (ICUs) and among immunocompromised patients. Various factors, including sepsis-induced barrier disruptions, immune system dysfunction, and extremes of age, contribute to increased susceptibility to fungal infections. Hospital practices, such as prolonged surgeries, broad-spectrum antibiotic use, and invasive procedures, further exacerbate the risk. Fungal bloodstream infections, particularly those caused by <i>Candida albicans</i>, rank among the most common hospital-acquired infections, leading to substantial morbidity and mortality. The global rise in invasive candidiasis, particularly due to non-<i>albicans Candida</i> species, presents challenges in the diagnosis and treatment due to nonspecific symptoms and emerging antifungal resistance. Nanotechnology interventions particularly by utilizing green synthesized copper nanoparticles could possibly provide a novel solution to combat microbial colonization, biofilm formation, and drug resistance. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of candidemia, identify the distribution of causative <i>Candida</i> species, and understand their susceptibility patterns to commonly used antifungal agents for effective management in ICU settings. Additionally, the study sought to explore the <i>in vitro</i> anti-<i>Candida</i> activity of green copper nanoparticles synthesized using <i>Euphorbia milii</i> des moul extract.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This study was conducted at Microbiology Laboratory of Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research from January to December 2022, focused on ICU patients suspected of bloodstream infections. Blood samples were collected aseptically and processed using BD BACTECTM culture vials. Identification of organisms was performed via the Vitek-2 system by confirming candidemia with positivity in both blood samples. After that antifungal susceptibility testing was also performed against Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute recommended antifungal drug using Vitek 2 system. G-CuNPs were synthesized using <i>E. milii</i> Des moul extract and possessed for physiochemical characterization. The anti-<i>Candida</i> activity of G-CuNPs was evaluated through the MTT assay and time kill assay. After that generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species and DNA degradation were evaluated to understand its mechanism.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study identified a candidemia rate of 7.3% (58/789). Age and gender analysis revealed higher <i>Candida</i> colonization rates in individuals above 60 years old and females. Antifungal sensitivity profiling indicated notable resistance to fluconazole (27.59%) and voriconazole (25.86%). Synthesizing G-CuNPs using <i>E. milii</i> des moul extract represents a novel approach exhibiting significant fungicidal potency against","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 4","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230144/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562892","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative evaluation of antifungal susceptibility testing methods for <i>Rhizopus</i> species isolates.","authors":"Mohd Saqib Hasan, Prashant Gupta, Gopa Banerjee","doi":"10.22034/cmm.2024.345165.1480","DOIUrl":"10.22034/cmm.2024.345165.1480","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The mainstay of treatment for COVID-19-associated mucormycosis was liposomal Amphotericin B. Other antifungal agents, such as posaconazole and isavuconazole, were used as well. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing recommend broth microdilution methods for antifungal susceptibility testing. In this regard, the present study aimed to see what potency and zone diameters correlate with the gold standard broth microdilution method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>All the isolates were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight. In total, 127 isolates of 83 <i>Rhizopus oryzae</i> complex and 44 isolates of <i>Rhizopus microsporus</i> complex were selected. Anti-fungal susceptibility testing by disc diffusion and E-test was performed on Mueller Hinton Agar and compared with the CLSI broth microdilution method of Anti-fungal susceptibility testing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Percentage agreement was found to be more in the case of the E test than the disc diffusion method. In the case of <i>R. oryzae</i>, posaconazole had 98.79% agreement with broth microdilution followed by Isavuconazole (97.59%), Itraconazole (96.38%), and Amphotericin B (91.56%).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Disc diffusion correlates well with broth microdilution, although its correlation is weaker when compared to the E test. Effective concentration of Amphotericin B discs for antifungal susceptibility testing depends on the specific <i>Rhizopus</i> species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 4","pages":"47-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11230146/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141562910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<i>Candida glabrata</i> oropharyngeal infection in a patient with oral squamous cell carcinoma after COVID-19 infection.","authors":"Jalal Jafarzadeh, Javad Javidnia, Seyed Ali Jeddi, Mahshid Vakili, Mojtaba Taghizadeh Armaki, Mahin Tavakoli","doi":"10.22034/cmm.2023.345120.1478","DOIUrl":"10.22034/cmm.2023.345120.1478","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic may be an aggravating risk factor for the delay of the diagnoses of serious illnesses, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma, as well as poor management of patients with underlying morbidities, the onset of oral lesions, and antifungal susceptibility to opportunistic fungal infections. Oral candidiasis is one of the most common oral features of COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>This study aimed to report an 83-year-old female diagnosed with oral carcinoma who developed oropharyngeal candidiasis after falling ill with COVID-19. In late 2020, this patient was hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia. A fissured tongue with white scars appeared after the COVID-19 recovery that caused pain, dysphasia, and dysarthria. The sequencing result based on the internal transcribed spacer rDNA region confirmed <i>Candida glabrata</i>. Its antifungal susceptibility showed susceptibility to nystatin, fluconazole, and caspofungin, but resistance to the other azoles and amphotericin B.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Risk of fungal infections, such as <i>Candida</i> seems to be high in patients with severe COVID-19, mainly affecting the oral mucosa. However, whether they are directly attributed to COVID-19 or other surrounding factors is unknown.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 3","pages":"50-52"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864745/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Detection of Aflatoxin B1-producing <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> strains from pistachio orchards soil in Iran by multiplex polymerase chain reaction method.","authors":"Amin Daliri, Masoomeh Shams-Ghahfarokhi, Mehdi Razzaghi-Abyaneh","doi":"10.22034/CMM.2023.345055.1420","DOIUrl":"10.22034/CMM.2023.345055.1420","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>The current study aimed to report a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay as a monitoring technique to differentiate aflatoxigenic from non-aflatoxigenic strains of <i>Aspergillus flavus</i> isolated from pistachio orchards soil.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In total, 25 <i>A. flavus</i> strains were isolated from soil samples of pistachio orchards. To test the strains for Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁)-producing ability, thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was used and the amounts of AFB₁ were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Multiplex PCR was used as a genome-based method to detect genes responsible for AFB₁ production by <i>A. flavus</i> and the results were analyzed in terms of speed and specificity of detection. A set of four primers was designed specifically for the <i>omtA</i>, <i>omtB</i>, <i>ver-1</i>, and <i>aflR</i> genes which are commonly present in aflatoxin biosynthetic pathways.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The AFB₁ production by the <i>A. flavus</i> strains ranged from 0 to 321 ρg/μl. Four-band patterns of the primer sets were observed only in AFB₁-producing <i>A. flavus</i> strains. Moreover, 18 out of the 25 strains showed all four bands belonging to <i>omtA</i>, <i>omtB</i>, <i>ver-1</i>, and <i>aflR</i>, whereas 7 strains did not display <i>omtA</i>, or <i>aflR</i>-related bands, in non-toxigenic and low toxin-producing <i>A. flavus</i>.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The multiplex PCR is a supplementary strategy to current conventional mycotoxin analytical techniques, such as TLC and HPLC. It could be used as an efficient method to differentiate aflatoxigenic from non-aflatoxigenic strains of <i>A. flavus</i>. This achievement is crucial to minimize fungal contamination of food, feed, and agricultural commodities, thereby reducing the risk of subsequent aflatoxin consumption.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 3","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864740/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antifungal activity of green-synthesized curcumin-coated silver nanoparticles alone and in combination with fluconazole and itraconazole against <i>Candida</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species.","authors":"Seyed Mohammad Amini, Muhammad I Getso, Shirin Farahyar, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Maryam Roudbary, Vahid Pirhajati Mahabadi, Shahram Mahmoudi","doi":"10.22034/cmm.2023.345125.1456","DOIUrl":"10.22034/cmm.2023.345125.1456","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Regarding the wide-spectrum antimicrobial effects of curcumin and silver, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of green-synthesized curcumin-coated silver nanoparticles (Cur-Ag NPs) against a set of <i>Candida</i> and <i>Aspergillus</i> species.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Cur-Ag NPs were synthesized by mixing 200 µL of curcumin solution (40 mM) and 15 mL of deionized water. The mixture was stirred for 3-5 min, followed by the addition of 2.5 mL of silver nitrate solution (2.5 mM). The resulting solution was incubated for 3 days. Antifungal susceptibility of 30 fungal isolates of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Candida</i> to fluconazole and itraconazole, as well as the activity of Cur-Ag NPs against the isolates, were determined, both alone and in combination, using broth microdilution according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Cur-Ag NPs demonstrated promising antifungal activity, particularly against <i>Candida</i> species. The geometric mean value of the minimum inhibitory concentration of Cur-Ag NPs was significantly lower than that of fluconazole for all the studied fungi. Similarly, it was lower than those of itraconazole in <i>C. albicans</i> and <i>A. fumigatus</i>. The minimum fungicidal concentrations of Cur-Ag NPs were markedly better than those of fluconazole but still inferior to those of itraconazole.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Cur-Ag NPs demonstrated indisputable antifungal activity and great potential that can be harnessed to combat fungal infections, particularly those caused by azole-resistant strains of <i>Aspergillus</i> and <i>Candida</i>.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 3","pages":"38-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864741/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139743133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of a high-resolution melt-based assay to rapidly detect the azole-resistant <i>Candida auris</i> isolates.","authors":"Hamid Morovati, Hamid Badali, Mahdi Abastabar, Keyvan Pakshir, Kamiar Zomorodian, Bahram Ahmadi, Behrouz Naeimi, Sadegh Khodavaisy, Sanam Nami, Esmaeil Eghtedarnejad, Hossein Khodadadi","doi":"10.22034/CMM.2023.345114.1453","DOIUrl":"10.22034/CMM.2023.345114.1453","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong><i>Candida auris</i> is a multidrug-resistant yeast that rapidly spreads, making it the leading Candidate for the next pandemic. One main leading cause of emerging resistant <i>C. auris</i> isolates is nonsynonymous mutations. This study aimed to detect the Y132F mutation, one of the most important azole resistance-associated mutations in the <i>ERG-11</i> gene of <i>C. auris</i>, by developing a reliable high-resolution melt (HRM)-based method.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Five <i>C. auris</i> isolates from Iran, plus three control isolates from other Clades were used in the study. The antifungal susceptibility testing through micro broth dilution was performed to recheck their susceptibility to three azole antifungals, including fluconazole, itraconazole, and voriconazole. Moreover, the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing of the <i>ERG-11</i> gene was performed. Following the bioinformatic analysis and HRM-specific primer design, an HRM-based assay was developed and evaluated to detect <i>ERG-11</i> mutations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The minimum inhibitory concentrations of fluconazole among Iranian <i>C. auris</i> isolates ranged from 8 to 64 μg/mL. The PCR-sequencing of the <i>ERG-11</i> gene and bioinformatic analyses revealed the mutation of Y132F, a substitution consequence of A to T on codon 395 in one fluconazole-resistant isolate (IFRC4050). The developed HRM assay successfully differentiated the targeted single nucleotide polymorphism between mutant and wild types (temperature [Tm]: 81.79 ℃ - cycle threshold [CT]: 20.06 for suspected isolate). For both mutant and non-mutant isolates, the mean Tm range was 81.79-82.39 °C and the mean CT value was 20.06-22.93. These results were completely in accordance with the findings of DNA sequencing.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The fast-track HRM-based method successfully detected one of the most common mechanisms of resistance in the <i>ERG-11</i> gene of <i>C. auris</i> within 3 h. Finally, the development of more panels of HRM assays for the detection of all azole resistance mutations in <i>C. auris</i> <i>ERG-11</i> is recommended to expand the scope of the field and facilitate the elaboration of rapid and accurate methods of antifungal resistance assessment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 3","pages":"23-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864743/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Invasive fungal infections in children with leukemia in a tertiary hospital in Oman: An eight-year review.","authors":"Hind Al Hajri, Widad Al-Salmi, Karima Al Hinai, Saif Al-Housni, Ahmed Al-Harrasi, Hilal Al Hashami, Abdullah M S Al-Hatmi","doi":"10.22034/CMM.2023.345108.1447","DOIUrl":"10.22034/CMM.2023.345108.1447","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a common and serious consequence of leukemia in children and the incidence of these infections has increased due to chemotherapy. This study aimed to present the epidemiology of IFD in a cohort of children with leukemia from a tertiary reference institution in Oman.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>A retrospective study of IFDs in pediatric patients below 13 years of age with newly diagnosed or relapsed leukemia was conducted at the Royal Hospital in Muscat, Oman. From 2010 to 2017, IFD episodes in children with leukemia were evaluated retrospectively, considering age, gender, type of leukemia, chemotherapy regimen, IFD detection phase, neutropenia, prevention, diagnostic method, and treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Between 2010 and 2017, 198 children with leukemia were admitted and treated at Royal Hospital. Invasive fungal infection (IFI) was diagnosed in 32 patients out of 198 (16.1%), and IFI was defined as probable and proven in 53% (n=17) and 47% (n=15) of the cases, respectively. At 1.1:1, the male-to-female ratio was roughly equal. According to chest computed tomography scans, 65.6% of patients had radiological features of fungal infections. Positive fungal cultures were found in the bronchoalveolar lavage of three patients, 37.5% of whom had positive blood cultures, and 3% had positive urine cultures as a neonatal invasive candidiasis. In three patients, invasive aspergillosis caused pulmonary IFD, accounting for 9.3% of all infection sites. Candidaemia was found in 28% of IFD patients, and the most common organism was <i>Candida tropicalis</i> (15.6%), followed by <i>Candida parapsilosis</i> (6.25%). Furthermore, the major risk factor was febrile neutropenia.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In children with leukemia, invasive fungal infection is common and serious. Despite aggressive treatment, mortality among these high-risk patients remains high.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 3","pages":"16-22"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864744/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Onychomycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi: A four-year study on agricultural workers of Assam, India.","authors":"Parismita Borgohain, Purnima Barua, Dipika Shaw, Lakhi Ram Saikia, Jagadish Mahanta, Shivaprakash M Rudramurthy","doi":"10.22034/cmm.2023.345077.1428","DOIUrl":"10.22034/cmm.2023.345077.1428","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and purpose: </strong>Onychomycosis caused by dematiaceous fungi is rarely reported and the identification is also quite tricky due to poor sporulation. Recent emergence of dematiaceous fungi as a major cause of onychomycosis is a matter of concern in the field of mycology. Therefore, this study aimed to understand the dematiaceous fungi as a possible cause of onychomycosis, especially among agricultural workers. In addition, the evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility patterns led to the idea of an accurate drug that will help to treat and prevent antifungal resistance.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>The standard procedure was followed for direct microscopic examination and fungi isolation. Furthermore, antifungal susceptibility testing was conducted in accordance with the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute M-38-A2 protocol.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Both potassium hydroxide and fungal positivity were found in 275 out of 356 suspected cases, 52%, 4.3%, 28.7%, and 14.9% of which were non-dermatophytic molds (NDMs), yeast, dermatophytes, and sterile hyphae, respectively. Among NDMs (52%, n=143), 45.5% (n=65) were hyaline hyphomycetes and 54.5% (n=78) were dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Among dematiaceous fungi, <i>Pestalotiopsis</i> spp. and <i>Arthrinium</i> spp. were the commonly isolated ones. Additionally, azoles, amphotericin-B, and anidulafungin showed excellent antifungal activity against tested isolates.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dematiaceous fungi are now becoming a potential cause of onychomycosis. A more detailed study is needed on the identification of these emerging isolates and the mode of action of antifungal drugs for a better treatment strategy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10863,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Mycology","volume":"9 3","pages":"8-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10864739/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139740664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}