Current Oncology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Advances in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Staging: from the 7th to the 9th Edition of the TNM System and Future Outlook.","authors":"Binhao Wu, Xiaozhong Chen, Caineng Cao","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01651-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01651-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), characterized by its aggressive nature and sensitivity to radiation, demands accurate staging for optimal clinical outcomes. The purpose of this review was to provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of the TNM staging system for NPC based on recent and previously published studies, with particular emphasis on the transition from the 7th to the 9th edition.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>The 9th edition introduces critical changes, particularly in the N and M classifications, to enhance prognostic accuracy. Our analysis also incorporates the burgeoning roles of biomarkers, especially Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-DNA, and the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in refining NPC staging. Each iteration of the TNM staging system for NPC has successfully enhanced the prognostic precision of NPC, with notable advancements from the 7th to the 9th edition. We also delves into the incorporation of biomarkers, such as EBV-DNA, and the potential of AI in refining staging accuracy. These innovations are anticipated to offer personalized prognoses and inform tailored treatment strategies for NPC patients in the future.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"322-332"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143491139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cardiotoxic Effects Following CAR-T Cell Therapy: A Literature Review.","authors":"Tony Joseph, Jimmy Sanchez, Ahmed Abbasi, Lili Zhang, R Alejandro Sica, Tim Q Duong","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01634-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01634-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This paper reviewed the current literature on incidence, clinical manifestations, and risk factors of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cell (CAR-T) cardiotoxicity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>CAR-T therapy has emerged as a groundbreaking treatment for hematological malignancies since FDA approval in 2017. CAR-T therapy is however associated with a few side effects, among which cardiotoxicity is of significant concern. There were only a few studies on CAR-T cardiotoxicity published to date with limited sample sizes, and their findings were heterogeneous. It was difficult to reach generalizable conclusions. CAR-T therapy was associated with significant risks for acute and subacute cardiotoxicity, as measured by echocardiograms, EKG, and blood biomarkers. Patients with cytokine release syndrome (CRS) grade 2 or higher were more likely to exhibit cardiotoxicity. The most prevalent cardiac events included hypotension-requiring inotropic or vasopressor support, tachycardia, heart failure/decompensation, atrial fibrillation, new or worsening cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, myocarditis, cardiac arrest, and cardiovascular death. The most prevalent echocardiographic changes were systolic dysfunction and diastolic dysfunction, and abnormal echocardiogram findings. There were differences in findings between adult and pediatric patients. The long-term effects beyond a year post treatment remain largely unknown and long-term follow-up studies are warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"135-147"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861112/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001570","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Surgical Initiatives in Gastroenteropancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumours.","authors":"Alina S Ritter, Jelte Poppinga, Kira C Steinkraus, Thilo Hackert, Anna Nießen","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01632-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01632-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Neuroendocrine tumours (NET) are rare entities arising from hormone producing cells in the gastroentero-pancreatic (GEP) tract. Surgery is the most common treatment of GEP-NETs.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Improvements in surgical techniques allow for more locally advanced and metastasised GEP-NETs to be resected. Laparoscopic and robotically--assisted approaches are increasingly being utilised in the resection of selected GEP-NETs and are facilitated by novel intraoperative tumour localisation tools and parenchyma-sparing methods. At the same time, some authors suggest that indications for formal resections of small well differentiated non-functioning pancreatic NETs and appendiceal NETs should be more restrictive. Advancements in surgery allows for tissue-sparing resections of GEP-NETs. Indications for surgical resection and the extent of the procedure are highly dependent on GEP-NET size, localisation and grading. Robotically assisted surgeries with intraoperative ultrasound and visualisation methods as well as vessel-sparing radical retrograde lymphadenectomies for small intestinal NETs seem to be the future of GEP-NET surgery.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"157-167"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861007/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143037404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in Radiation Oncology in Soft Tissue Sarcoma.","authors":"Sara B Leier, Safia K Ahmed","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01637-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01637-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To review recent advances with radiation therapy (RT) for soft tissue sarcomas (STS).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Newer data showcases hypofractionated preoperative RT for soft tissue sarcomas treated with surgery to be safe and effective, however, long-term follow up data is pending. Hypofractionated and dose-escalated RT in patients with unresectable STS is also being studied, for which we remain optimistic given advances in RT planning approaches. SFRT may also be considered in select cases to improve tumor control outcomes. Finally, for patients requiring high doses of RT adjacent to critical structures, re-irradiation, and to minimize risk of secondary malignancy in our younger population, particle therapy may be beneficial. We summarize a number of recent advances in RT for STS that can benefit patients with localized disease as well as for patients with advanced disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"148-156"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evolving Strategies in the Management of Microsatellite Instability-High/Mismatch Repair Deficient Esophagogastric Adenocarcinoma.","authors":"Nicole Baranda Balmaceda, Sunnie S Kim","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01624-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01624-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review addresses the current treatment paradigm and new advancements in the management of microsatellite instability-high/mismatch repair deficient (MSI-H/dMMR) esophagogastric cancer (EGC).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>While chemotherapy and surgery remain the cornerstone of EGC treatment, MSI-H/dMMR tumors harbor high tumor mutational burden and represent a subset of patients who benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). ICI has been incorporated in the front line setting with and without chemotherapy for advanced disease. Recently, ICI has been studied in the perioperative setting for resectable disease. Though perioperative ICI results in improved response rates, it is not yet clear whether this translates to a survival benefit. Despite high response rates with ICI in this patient population, many do not respond to therapy, representing a major challenge in treatment. Preclinical studies have highlighted potential mechanisms of resistance which will guide drug development and clinical trials.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"81-94"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"NRG1 Fusions: The New Kid on the Block.","authors":"Brinda Gupta, Leila Borghaei, Stephen V Liu","doi":"10.1007/s11912-025-01640-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-025-01640-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Neuregulin 1 (NRG1) fusions are rare but actionable oncogenic drivers that occur in a variety of tumor types, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). These fusions lead to pathophysiologic activation of HER signaling pathways, promoting tumor growth, invasion, and metastasis. Current evidence suggests that NRG1 fusion-positive NSCLC does not respond well to conventional treatments such as immunotherapy and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the biology and detection of NRG1 fusions and the evolving therapeutic landscape of NSCLC harboring NRG1 fusions.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Zenocutuzumab, a bispecific antibody targeting HER2 and HER3, is the first FDA approved treatment for previously treated NRG1 fusion-positive NSCLC and pancreatic cancer. Additional NRG1 fusion directed strategies are in development. NRG1 fusions are rare molecular drivers of NSCLC that can be effectively treated with targeted therapies. Here, we summarize the biology and detection of NRG1 fusions, the currently approved bispecific antibody used to treat NRG1 fusion-positive NSCLC, and new agents under investigation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"190-194"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143064139","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Pelvic Floor Muscle and Education-based Therapies on Bladder, Bowel, Vaginal, Sexual, Psychological Function, Quality of Life, and Pelvic Floor Muscle Function in Females Treated for Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Marie-Pierre Cyr, Tamara Jones, Udari N Colombage, Helena C Frawley","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01633-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01633-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Breast malignancy is the most common cancer in females. Symptoms of pelvic floor disorders and sexual dysfunction secondary to systemic cancer treatment may occur. Non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical conservative therapies, namely pelvic floor muscle (PFM) and education-based therapies, could be beneficial to reduce these symptoms in this population. This systematic review aimed to examine the evidence regarding their effectiveness on bladder, bowel, vaginal, sexual, psychological function, quality of life, and PFM function in breast cancer populations.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Six databases were searched to identify interventional studies on the effect of PFM therapies, education-based therapies, or combined (multimodal) therapies on any outcome of interest. The search yielded 603 results, from which 12 studies were included. Of these, six (50%) were RCTs, one (8%) was a non-RCT with two groups, and five (42%) were non-RCTs with a single group. Findings suggest that PFM therapies (active) may be beneficial, and education in the format of CBT may improve bladder function. No data were found for bowel function and results from two RCTs were inconclusive to draw conclusions for vaginal function. Sexual function was the most frequently reported outcome. PFM therapies (active > passive) may be beneficial, and education is more likely than not to improve sexual function. For psychological function, PFM therapies (active + passive) may be beneficial, and education is more unlikely than likely to improve psychological function. For quality of life, PFM therapies (active + passive) may be beneficial, and education is more unlikely than likely to improve quality of life, although CBT combined with physical exercise may provide further improvement. PFM therapies (active ± passive) may improve PFM function. Given the limited number of studies and their methodological limitations, caution should be exercised when interpreting these study results. More research is needed to confirm findings and to investigate the clinical value of PFM therapies and combined, multimodal therapies for breast cancer populations. Non-surgical, non-pharmaceutical conservative therapies may be helpful for breast cancer populations. Clinicians should consider the highest level of available evidence to guide their practice and use their clinical judgement to select the treatment components and appropriate dosages.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"168-189"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11861006/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143058336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence and Cancer Health Equity: Bridging the Divide or Widening the Gap.","authors":"Irene Dankwa-Mullan, Kingsley Ndoh, Darlington Akogo, Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha, Sérgio Ferreira Juaçaba","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01627-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01627-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on cancer health equity, specifically investigating whether AI is addressing or widening disparities in cancer outcomes.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies demonstrate significant advancements in AI, such as deep learning for cancer diagnosis and predictive analytics for personalized treatment, showing potential for improved precision in care. However, concerns persist about the performance of AI tools across diverse populations due to biased training data. Access to AI technologies also remains limited, particularly in low-income and rural settings. AI holds promise for advancing cancer care, but its current application risks exacerbating existing health disparities. To ensure AI benefits all populations, future research must prioritize inclusive datasets, integrate social determinants of health, and develop ethical frameworks. Addressing these challenges is crucial for AI to contribute positively to cancer health equity and guide future research and policy development.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"95-111"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142926728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Management in Elderly Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Scoping Review.","authors":"Alessia Di Rito, Antonietta Grillo, Roberta Carbonara","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01629-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01629-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Male breast cancer (MBC) is a rare entity which often arises in elderly people. Aim of this review is to evaluate the principal issues related to MBC in elderly, because the therapeutic management of disease is not only related to the biological behavior of the tumor, but also to the comorbidities and frailty of older population. A scoping literature review was performed on Pubmed and Cochrane Database using the following keywords: therapeutic management/ male/ breast cancer/ elderly patients. Papers published before 2000, not edited in English or French language, or not related to the main topic, were excluded. Only articles related to therapeutic issues in MBC and including more than 10 elderly (≥ 65 years) patients were selected for the qualitative outcome analysis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>36 papers regarding surgery, radiotherapy, systemic therapy, racial disparities and therapeutic management in retrospective series of MBC in elderly were examined in details. MBC has a different biological behavior and a poorer prognosis than female, especially in cases with positive nodes at diagnosis. Elderly MBC patients have often larger tumors in more advanced stages at the time of diagnosis compared with younger patients. In spite of the advanced tumors at presentation, older patients present often cancers with more favorable biological characteristics, but they receive less guideline-concordant curative treatments (as adequate lymph node staging or adjuvant radiation therapy) compared to women. Moreover, racial differences in treatment of older MBC were observed. Therapeutic management of MBC in elderly patients is a subject rarely addressed in literature. Our review highlighted differences in the treatment and in guidelines-concordance for elderly MBC patients. Adequate geriatric assessment and use of therapeutic schemes adapted to age and comorbidities can avoid under/overtreatment, contributing to a better standard of care in this frail population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"120-134"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143001585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quality End-of-Life Cancer Care: An Unfulfilled but Achievable Imperative.","authors":"Guy B Faguet","doi":"10.1007/s11912-024-01618-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11912-024-01618-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Disease-focus management of late-stage cancer without addressing patients' preferences or quality of life (QoL) can lead to unsatisfactory patient and disease outcomes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A PRISMA-adherent systematic review of the literature was conducted via PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar to assess the current late-stage cancer treatment modality, setting, timing, and cost, their impact on patient and disease outcomes, and possible interventions for improvement.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of many studies, twelve from North America, Western Europe, and Asia met our inclusion criteria. A detailed analysis of the 929,408 late-stage cancer patients included revealed common management practices. Typically, patients were subjected to sustained intensive disease-focused treatment through the end-of-life (EoL) while deferring palliative care and other host-sustaining measures. Such practices compromised patients' QoL and increased costs without meeting their needs and expectations or significantly altering the course of the disease. To forestall such practices, five pragmatic host-focused management principles are proposed. In contrast to clinical practice guidelines (CPG), they can be promoted directly to current and future cancer care professionals as an easy-to-memorize and apply template: to the former via continuing medical education, podcasts, webinars, and other tutorials; to the latter by its incorporation into Oncology, Hematology, Hospice, and other cancer-training programs.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite major advances in early-stage cancer treatment and survival, late-stage cancer care is hindered by continuous disease-focused practices pursued through the EoL that lead to unsatisfactory patient and disease outcomes. Such practices can be reversed by adopting host-focused management principles that promote QoL and meet patients' needs and expectations as a basis for delivering holistic cancer care through the EoL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10861,"journal":{"name":"Current Oncology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143045807","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}