Current Opinion in Critical Care最新文献

Acute diarrhea in the hospitalized immunocompromised patient: what is new on diagnostic and treatment? 住院免疫力低下患者的急性腹泻：诊断和治疗的新进展？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001191

Natalia E Castillo Almeida, Carlos A Gomez

{"title":"Acute diarrhea in the hospitalized immunocompromised patient: what is new on diagnostic and treatment?","authors":"Natalia E Castillo Almeida, Carlos A Gomez","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001191","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001191","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This article aims to provide an intuitive framework for diagnosing and managing healthcare-associated diarrhea (HCAD) in the immunocompromised (IC) host.Recent findings: Our understanding of diarrhea in hospitalized IC patients has significantly evolved. However, the challenge lies in distinguishing between these patients' numerous causes of diarrhea. The incorporation of gastrointestinal (GI) multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels has led to a paradigm shift in our approach to diarrhea. However, using these panels judiciously is of utmost importance, as their misuse can lead to over-testing, overtreatment, and increased hospital costs. We propose a stepwise diagnostic algorithm that ensures diagnostic stewardship, optimal patient care, and resource utilization.Summary: Diarrhea is a common complication in hospitalized IC patients and is associated with significant morbidity and rare mortality. The advent of new diagnostics, such as GI multiplex PCR panels, holds promise in facilitating the detection of recognized pathogens and may allow for improved outcomes using pathogen-targeted therapy.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11377059/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141733743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Outcomes after acute kidney injury and critical illness. 急性肾损伤和危重病后的疗效。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001183

Rachel Jeong, Ryan Haines, Marlies Ostermann

{"title":"Outcomes after acute kidney injury and critical illness.","authors":"Rachel Jeong, Ryan Haines, Marlies Ostermann","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001183","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001183","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Acute kidney injury (AKI) in critical illness is common, and survivors are faced with a host of adverse outcomes. In this article, we review the current landscape of outcomes and care in survivors of AKI and critical illness.Recent findings: Follow-up care of survivors of AKI and critical illness is prudent to monitor for and mitigate the risk of adverse outcomes. Observational data have suggested improvement in outcomes with nephrology-based follow-up care, and recent interventional studies demonstrate similar findings. However, current post-AKI care is suboptimal with various challenges, such as breakdowns in the transition of care during hospital episodes and into the community, barriers for patients in follow-up, and lack of identification of high-risk patients for nephrology-based follow-up. Tools predictive of renal nonrecovery and long-term outcomes may help to identify high-risk patients who may benefit the most from nephrology-based care post-AKI.Summary: Follow-up care of survivors of AKI and critical illness may improve outcomes and there is a need to prioritize transitions of care into the community. Further research is needed to elucidate the best ways to risk-stratify and manage post-AKI survivors to improve outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141874432","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Subgroup analyses and heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized trials: a primer for the clinician. 随机试验中治疗效果的亚组分析和异质性：临床医生入门指南。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-04 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001186

Alexandra B Spicer, Alexandre B Cavalcanti, Fernando G Zampieri

{"title":"Subgroup analyses and heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized trials: a primer for the clinician.","authors":"Alexandra B Spicer, Alexandre B Cavalcanti, Fernando G Zampieri","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001186","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001186","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To date, most randomized clinical trials in critical care report neutral overall results. However, research as to whether heterogenous responses underlie these results and give opportunity for personalized care is gaining momentum but has yet to inform clinical practice guidance. Thus, we aim to provide an overview of methodological approaches to estimating heterogeneity of treatment effects in randomized trials and conjecture about future paths to application in patient care.Recent findings: Despite their limitations, traditional subgroup analyses are still the most reported approach. More recent methods based on subphenotyping, risk modeling and effect modeling are still uncommonly embedded in primary reports of clinical trials but have provided useful insights in secondary analyses. However, further simulation studies and subsequent guidelines are needed to ascertain the most efficient and robust manner to validate these results for eventual use in practice.Summary: There is an increasing interest in approaches that can identify heterogeneity in treatment effects from randomized clinical trials, extending beyond traditional subgroup analyses. While prospective validation in further studies is still needed, these approaches are promising tools for design, interpretation, and implementation of clinical trial results.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Patients with severe infections: how to improve their clinical management? 重症感染患者：如何改善临床管理？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001193

Andre C Kalil

引用次数: 0

COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 related nosocomial pneumonias: any differences in etiology, prevalence, and mortality? COVID-19 与非 COVID-19 相关的院内肺炎：病因、发病率和死亡率有何不同？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-10 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001192

Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Marcos I Restrepo

{"title":"COVID-19 vs. non-COVID-19 related nosocomial pneumonias: any differences in etiology, prevalence, and mortality?","authors":"Ignacio Martin-Loeches, Marcos I Restrepo","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001192","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001192","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review explores the similarities and differences between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related and non-COVID-related nosocomial pneumonia, particularly hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). It critically assesses the etiology, prevalence, and mortality among hospitalized patients, emphasizing the burden of these infections during the period before and after the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic.Recent findings: Recent studies highlight an increase in nosocomial infections during the COVID-19 pandemic, with a significant rise in cases involving severe bacterial and fungal superinfections among mechanically ventilated patients. These infections include a higher incidence of multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs), complicating treatment and recovery. Notably, COVID-19 patients have shown a higher prevalence of VAP than those with influenza or other respiratory viruses, influenced by extended mechanical ventilation and immunosuppressive treatments like corticosteroids.Summary: The findings suggest that COVID-19 has exacerbated the frequency and severity of nosocomial infections, particularly VAP. These complications not only extend hospital stays and increase healthcare costs but also lead to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Understanding these patterns is crucial for developing targeted preventive and therapeutic strategies to manage and mitigate nosocomial infections during regular or pandemic care.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Neuroprognostication, withdrawal of care and long-term outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation. 心肺复苏术后的神经诊断、退出护理和长期疗效。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001194

Adela Bazbaz, Joseph Varon

{"title":"Neuroprognostication, withdrawal of care and long-term outcomes after cardiopulmonary resuscitation.","authors":"Adela Bazbaz, Joseph Varon","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001194","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001194","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Survivors of cardiac arrest often have increased long-term risks of mortality and disability that are primarily associated with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBI). This review aims to examine health-related long-term outcomes after cardiac arrest.Recent findings: A notable portion of cardiac arrest survivors face a decline in their quality of life, encountering persistent physical, cognitive, and mental health challenges emerging years after the initial event. Within the first-year postarrest, survivors are at elevated risk for stroke, epilepsy, and psychiatric conditions, along with a heightened susceptibility to developing dementia. Addressing these challenges necessitates establishing comprehensive, multidisciplinary care systems tailored to the needs of these individuals.Summary: HIBI remains the leading cause of disability among cardiac arrest survivors. No single strategy is likely to improve long term outcomes after cardiac arrest. A multimodal neuroprognostication approach (clinical examination, imaging, neurophysiology, and biomarkers) is recommended by guidelines, but fails to predict long-term outcomes. Cardiac arrest survivors often experience long-term disabilities that negatively impact their quality of life. The likelihood of such outcomes implements a multidisciplinary care an integral part of long-term recovery.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: an update. 重症患者耐多药革兰氏阴性血流感染的治疗：最新进展。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-08 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001190

Diego Viasus, Carlota Gudiol, Jordi Carratalà

{"title":"Treatment of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bloodstream infections in critically ill patients: an update.","authors":"Diego Viasus, Carlota Gudiol, Jordi Carratalà","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001190","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001190","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: This review describes the latest information in the management of bloodstream infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli (MDRGNB) in critically ill patients.Recent findings: The prevalence of bloodstream infections due to MDRGNB is high, and they pose a significant risk in critically ill patients. Recently, novel antimicrobial agents, including new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and cefiderocol, have been introduced for treating these infections. Concurrently, updated guidelines have been issued to aid in treatment decisions. Prompt diagnosis and identification of resistance patterns are crucial for initiating effective antibiotic therapy. Current studies, especially with observational design, and with limited sample sizes and patients with bacteremia, suggest that the use of these new antibiotics is associated with improved outcomes in critically ill patients with MDRGNB bloodstream infections.Summary: For critically ill patients with bloodstream infections caused by MDRGNB, the use of newly developed antibiotics is recommended based on limited observational evidence. Further randomized clinical trials are necessary to determine the most effective antimicrobial therapies among the available options.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Antibiotic dose optimisation in the critically ill: targets, evidence and future strategies. 重症患者的抗生素剂量优化：目标、证据和未来战略。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-05 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001187

Christopher J Dyer, Jan J De Waele, Jason A Roberts

{"title":"Antibiotic dose optimisation in the critically ill: targets, evidence and future strategies.","authors":"Christopher J Dyer, Jan J De Waele, Jason A Roberts","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001187","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001187","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: To highlight the recent evidence for antibiotic pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) in enhancing patient outcomes in sepsis and septic shock. We also summarise the limitations of available data and describe future directions for research to support translation of antibiotic dose optimisation to the clinical setting.Recent findings: Sepsis and septic shock are associated with poor outcomes and require antibiotic dose optimisation, mostly due to significantly altered pharmacokinetics. Many studies, including some randomised controlled trials have been conducted to measure the clinical outcome effects of antibiotic dose optimisation interventions including use of therapeutic drug monitoring. Current data support antibiotic dose optimisation for the critically ill. Further investigation is required to evolve more timely and robust precision antibiotic dose optimisation approaches, and to clearly quantify whether any clinical and health-economic benefits support expanded use of this treatment intervention.Summary: Antibiotic dose optimisation appears to improve outcomes in critically ill patients with sepsis and septic shock, however further research is required to quantify the level of benefit and develop a stronger knowledge of the role of new technologies to facilitate optimised dosing.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

How to assess survival prognosis in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in 2024? 如何评估 2024 年社区获得性肺炎住院患者的生存预后？

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-07-12 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001189

Julio A Ramirez, Thomas M File

{"title":"How to assess survival prognosis in patients hospitalized for community-acquired pneumonia in 2024?","authors":"Julio A Ramirez, Thomas M File","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001189","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001189","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is increasingly recognized as a complex, multisystemic disease with the potential to cause both acute and long-term sequelae, significantly impacting patient mortality rates. In this manuscript, the authors review the current methodologies for assessing mortality risk among CAP patients.Recent findings: The most common prediction scores for ICU care and short-term mortality include Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB-65, SMART COP, SCAP, and ATS/IDSA criteria. These models have clinical utility in the prediction of short-term mortality, but they have significant limitations in addressing long-term mortality. For patients who are discharged alive from the hospital, we do not have scores to predict long term mortality.Summary: The development of an optimal prognostic tool for postacute sequelae of CAP is imperative. Such a tool should identify specific populations at increased risk. Moreover, accurately identifying at-risk populations is essential for their inclusion in clinical trials that evaluate potential therapies designed to improve short and long-term clinical outcomes in patients with CAP.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987599","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A practical approach to preparing your ICU for epidemics and pandemics. 让重症监护室为流行病和大流行病做好准备的实用方法。

IF 3.5 3区医学

Current Opinion in Critical Care Pub Date : 2024-10-01 Epub Date: 2024-05-31 DOI: 10.1097/MCC.0000000000001174

Ryan C Maves, Kelly A Cawcutt

{"title":"A practical approach to preparing your ICU for epidemics and pandemics.","authors":"Ryan C Maves, Kelly A Cawcutt","doi":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001174","DOIUrl":"10.1097/MCC.0000000000001174","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose of review: Major outbreaks of infectious diseases, including epidemics and pandemics, are increasing in scope and frequency, threatening public health and straining the capacity of health systems worldwide. High-consequence infectious diseases (HCIDs), including highly pathogenic respiratory viruses and viral hemorrhagic fevers, are both contagious and virulent, and these pathogens thus are topics of special concern for pandemic planning.Recent findings: The COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated how a major disease outbreak can negatively impact all aspects of hospital functioning. Identification of patients with HCIDs needs careful clinical evaluation and coordination with public health authorities. Staff safety and patient care require appropriate infection prevention precautions, including personal protective equipment. Surges of ill patients may lead to significant strain, with increased ICU patient mortality. Strategies to reduce the impact of surge appear to reduce mortality, such as tiered staffing models and load-leveling across health systems.Summary: Pandemics and HCIDs are a significant threat to global health, and ICUs play a major role in the care of affected patients. Critical care professionals must work to ensure that our hospitals are prepared to identify and care for these patients in advance of the next emergency.","PeriodicalId":10851,"journal":{"name":"Current Opinion in Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141261610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0