Current Issues in Molecular Biology最新文献

{"title":"Genetic Variation and Sex-Based Differences: Current Considerations for Anesthetic Management.","authors":"Stephen DiMaria, Nicholas Mangano, Adam Bruzzese, Benjamin Bartula, Shruti Parikh, Ana Costa","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030202","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030202","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Biomedical sciences have made immense progress and numerous discoveries aimed at improving the quality of life and life expectancy in modern times. Anesthesiology is typically tailored to individual patients as its clinical effects depend on multiple factors, including a patient's physiological and pathological states, age, environmental exposures, and genetic variations. Sex differences are also paramount for a complete understanding of the effects of specific anesthetic medications on men and women. However, women-specific research and the inclusion of women in clinical trials, specifically during child-bearing years, remain disproportionately low compared to the general population at large. This review describes and summarizes genetic variations, including sex differences, that affect responses to common anesthetic medications such as volatile anesthetics, induction agents, neuromuscular blocking drugs, opioids, and local anesthetics. It also discusses the influence of genetic variations on anesthesia outcomes, such as postoperative nausea and vomiting, allergic reactions, pain, depth of anesthesia, awareness under anesthesia and recall, and postoperative delirium.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Older Amyloid Beta as a Candidate Blood Biomarker of Early Cognitive Decline in the Elderly-A Preliminary Study.","authors":"Oliwia McFarlane, Mariusz Kozakiewicz, Kornelia Kędziora-Kornatowska, Anita Gałęska-Śliwka, Milena Wojciechowska","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030203","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030203","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>(1) Background/Objectives: The pathogenic process of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is known to begin decades before its clinical onset. This period, although imperceptible to the patient, encompasses a gradual neuronal loss. The first symptoms of dementia, often classified as mild cognitive impairment (MCI), in many cases converts into incipient AD, but can also remain stable or even reverse to cognitive norm. An easy and fast blood-based method of identifying patients at risk of conversion to AD would allow for the application of disease-altering therapies. This preliminary study focuses on the identification and assessment of the relationship between plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) and cognitive performance in older Polish adults with respect to its adequacy as a biomarker of an early cognitive deterioration. (2) Methods: The preliminary research sample consisted of 230 participants, 109 females and 121 males, aged 65 plus. The association between plasma Aβ concentrations with cognitive status, gender, and age were assessed. The analyses were conducted in three categories of cognitive performance: cognitive norm, mild cognitive impairment, and mild dementia, based on results of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and functional tests. (3) Results: No significant differences in plasma Aβ levels for different cognitive statuses were identified. No significant differences were found in Aβ levels based on age or gender. (4) Conclusions: In order to thoroughly explore the power of research on plasma Aβ with respect to early cognitive deterioration, further prospective studies are required.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11940961/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pinosylvin: A Multifunctional Stilbenoid with Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Potential.","authors":"Argyrios Periferakis, Aristodemos-Theodoros Periferakis, Lamprini Troumpata, Konstantinos Periferakis, Spyrangelos Georgatos-Garcia, Georgia Touriki, Christiana Diana Maria Dragosloveanu, Ana Caruntu, Ilinca Savulescu-Fiedler, Serban Dragosloveanu, Andreea-Elena Scheau, Ioana Anca Badarau, Constantin Caruntu, Cristian Scheau","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030204","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030204","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Stilbenoids are a category of plant compounds exhibiting notable health-related benefits. After resveratrol, perhaps the most well-known stilbenoid is pinosylvin, a major phytochemical constituent of most plants characterised by the pine spines among others. Pinosylvin and its derivatives have been found to exert potent antibacterial and antifungal effects, while their antiparasitic and antiviral properties are still a subject of ongoing research. The antioxidant properties of pinosylvin are mostly based on its scavenging of free radicals, inhibition of iNOS and protein kinase C, and promotion of HO-1 expression. Its anti-inflammatory properties are based on a variety of mechanisms, such as COX-2 inhibition, NF-κB and TRPA1 activation inhibition, and reduction in IL-6 levels. Its anticancer properties are partly associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential, although a number of other mechanisms are described, such as apoptosis induction and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition. A couple of experiments have also suggested a neuroprotective potential. A multitude of ethnomedical and ethnobotanical effects of pinosylvin-containing plants are reported, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, and prokinetic actions; many of these are corroborated by recent research. The advent of novel methods of artificial pinosylvin synthesis may facilitate its mass production and adoption as a medical compound. Finally, pinosylvin may be a tool in promoting environmentally friendly pesticide and insecticide policies and be used in land remediation schemes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941527/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Adaptations of the Genus <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> to Selected Elements, Heavy Metals and Pesticides Present in the Soil Environment.","authors":"Joanna Banasiewicz, Aleksandra Gumowska, Agata Hołubek, Sławomir Orzechowski","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030205","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Rhizobial bacteria perform a number of extremely important functions in the soil environment. In addition to fixing molecular nitrogen and transforming it into a form available to plants, they participate in the circulation of elements and the decomposition of complex compounds present in the soil, sometimes toxic to other organisms. This review article describes the molecular mechanisms occurring in the most diverse group of rhizobia, the genus <i>Bradyrhizobium</i>, allowing these bacteria to adapt to selected substances found in the soil. Firstly, the adaptation of bradyrhizobia to low and high concentrations of elements such as iron, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium and manganese was shown. Secondly, the processes activated in their cells in the presence of heavy metals such as lead, mercury and arsenic, as well as radionuclides, were described. Additionally, due to the potential use of <i>Bradyrhziobium</i> as biofertilizers, their response to pesticides commonly used in agriculture, such as glyphosate, sulfentrazone, chlorophenoxy herbicides, flumioxazine, imidazolinone, atrazine, and insecticides and fungicides, was also discussed. The paper shows the great genetic diversity of bradyrhizobia in terms of adapting to variable environmental conditions present in the soil.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941057/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Structure-Based Identification of SARS-CoV-2 nsp10-16 Methyltransferase Inhibitors Using Molecular Dynamics Insights.","authors":"Ahmad M Alharbi","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030198","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030198","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>SARS-CoV-2 evades immune detection via nsp10-16 methyltransferase-mediated 2'-O-methylation of viral mRNA, making it a key antiviral target. Our study employed structure-based drug discovery-including virtual screening, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations-to identify potent inhibitors of nsp10-16. We identified seven promising inhibitors (Z1-Z7) targeting the binding site of the SARS-CoV-2 nsp10-16 methyltransferase, with Z2, Z3, Z4, and Z7 exhibiting strong binding affinities. Further, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed that Z2, Z3, and Z7 effectively stabilized the enzyme by reducing conformational fluctuations and maintaining structural compactness, comparable to the native ligand-bound complex. The conformational deviation revealed that Z2, Z6, and Z7 restricted large-scale conformational transitions, reinforcing their stabilizing effect on the enzyme. The binding free energy calculations ranked Z4 (-37.26 kcal/mol), Z7 (-35.37 kcal/mol), and Z6 (-35.22 kcal/mol) as the strongest binders, surpassing the native tubercidin complex (-23.70 kcal/mol). The interactions analysis identified Asp99, Tyr132, and Cys115 as key stabilizing residues, with Z2, Z6, and Z7 forming high-lifetime hydrogen bonds. The drug-likeness analysis highlighted the selected compounds as promising candidates, exhibiting high gastrointestinal absorption, optimal solubility, and minimal CYP450 inhibition. Further experimental validation and lead optimization are needed to develop potent methyltransferase inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetics and antiviral efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941477/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioinformatics Approach to Investigating the Immuno-Inflammatory Mechanisms of Periodontitis in the Progression of Atherosclerosis.","authors":"Wenling Yang, Jianhua Xie, Xing Zhao, Xuelian Li, Qingyi Liu, Jinpeng Sun, Ruiyu Zhang, Yumiao Wei, Boyuan Wang","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030197","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030197","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Unstable atherosclerotic plaques are a major cause of acute cardiovascular events and ischemic stroke. Clinical studies have suggested a link between periodontitis and atherosclerotic plaque progression, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. To investigate this, transcriptomic datasets related to periodontitis and atherosclerosis were downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus. A weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify gene modules associated with periodontitis, and the Limma R package identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between unstable and stable plaques. Overlapping genes were defined as periodontitis-related DEGs, followed by functional enrichment analysis and protein-protein interaction network construction. Machine learning methods were used to identify biomarkers for unstable plaques related to periodontitis, which were validated using external datasets. Immune infiltration and single-cell analyses were performed to explore the relationship between biomarkers and immune cells. A total of 161 periodontitis-related DEGs were identified, with the pathway analysis showing associations with immune regulation and collagen matrix degradation. <i>HCK</i>, <i>NCKAP1L</i>, and <i>WAS</i> were identified as biomarkers for unstable plaques, demonstrating a high diagnostic value (AUC: 0.9884, 95% CI: 0.9641-1). Immune infiltration analysis revealed an increase in macrophages within unstable plaques. Single-cell analysis showed <i>HCK</i> expression in macrophages and dendritic cells, while <i>NCKAP1L</i> and <i>WAS</i> were expressed in macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and T cells. Consensus clustering identified three expression patterns within unstable plaques. Our findings were validated in atherosclerotic mouse models with periodontitis. This study provides insights into how periodontitis contributes to plaque instability, supporting diagnosis and intervention in patients with periodontitis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941604/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143709022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genetic Variations in Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Their Impact on Preeclampsia: Insights into Risk, Severity, and Pregnancy Outcomes.","authors":"Ioanna Zouganeli, Efthalia Moustakli, Anastasios Potiris, Chrysi Christodoulaki, Ioannis Arkoulis, Nikolaos Kathopoulis, Charalampos Theofanakis, Ekaterini Domali, Periklis Panagopoulos, Peter Drakakis, Sofoklis Stavros","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030199","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030199","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a crucial role in angiogenesis and placental development, which are vital for a healthy pregnancy. Preeclampsia (PE), a hypertension condition that can cause major difficulties for both the mother and the fetus, has been linked to VEGF gene polymorphisms in several studies. PE susceptibility has been associated with several VEGF polymorphisms, including VEGF -2578C/A, -634G/C, +936C/T, and +405G/C, with differing outcomes in various ethnicities. Some polymorphisms, like VEGF -2578C/A, are linked to the disease's progression, whereas others, like VEGF +405G/C, may protect severe PE. The findings are still uncertain, though, with some studies reporting noteworthy outcomes and others finding no correlation. Further complicating our knowledge of VEGF's role in PE is the possibility that the interaction between maternal and fetal VEGF polymorphisms may affect PE risk. Studies on environmental variables and placental and fetal VEGF gene polymorphisms point to a complicated interaction in influencing the severity and susceptibility of PE. The precise genetic processes behind PE are still unknown, despite the mounting evidence, necessitating additional research to confirm possible biomarkers and treatment targets. In at-risk pregnancies, a better understanding of the connection between VEGF polymorphisms and PE may help with risk assessment and management techniques.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941728/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Genome-Wide Identification of β-Ketoacyl CoA Synthase Gene Family in Melon (<i>Cucumis melo</i> L.) and Its Expression Analysis in Autotoxicity, Saline-Alkali, and Microplastic Exposure Environments.","authors":"Lizhen Zhang, Mingcheng Wang, Xianhuan Tang, Xinyue Yang, Zhizhong Zhang, Jinghua Wu","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030195","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030195","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>β-ketoacyl CoA synthase (KCS) is a key enzyme in the synthesis of long-chain fatty acids. It affects plant stress resistance by regulating the chain length of fatty acid elongation products, the wax deposition in plant epidermis, and the formation of suberization layers. Through a comprehensive, genome-wide analysis, we identified members of the melon <i>KCS</i> (<i>CmKCS</i>) family and characterized their sequence features, phylogenetic relationships, and expression profiles under three abiotic stress conditions, employing bioinformatics tools and methods. Fifteen <i>CmKCSs</i> were identified in the melon genome and found to be unevenly distributed across eight chromosomes. The subcellular localization of most members is located on the cytoplasmic membrane and chloroplasts. The <i>CmKCS</i> family amplifies its members in a tandem repeat manner, which is more closely related to the cucumber <i>KCS</i> and has similar gene functions. Subfamilies I, IV, and VI exhibit variations in conserved domain sequences, which may indicate specific functional differentiation. The promoter region harbors various cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress responses. Among these, the most abundant are elements responsive to abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, and anaerobic induction. <i>CmKCS5</i>, <i>CmKCS6</i>, <i>CmKCS10</i>, and <i>CmKCS12</i> showed high expression in autotoxicity, saline-alkali stress, and microplastic exposure environments. These four <i>CmKCSs</i> may play important roles in melon development and stress response. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive analysis of the <i>CmKCS</i> gene family, revealing its potential roles in melon's response to abiotic stresses and laying a foundation for further functional characterization of these genes in stress tolerance mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708949","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Urinary Kim-1 Correlates with Interstitial Nephritis Activity in Patients with Microscopic Polyangiitis.","authors":"Chisato Ashida, Yuji Nozaki, Jinhai Li, Hiroki Akazawa, Kazuya Kishimoto, Koji Kinoshita, Itaru Matsumura","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030196","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030196","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a type of necrotizing vasculitis that primarily affects small vessels and belongs to the spectrum of anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAVs). While previous studies have identified potential prognostic biomarkers, further research is needed to validate a reliable marker for risk stratification in clinical practice. Kidney injury molecule-1 (Kim-1), a transmembrane protein expressed on proximal tubular epithelial cells, has been implicated in tubular damage. This study investigated the potential of Kim-1 as a biomarker in MPA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Kidney biopsy tissues, along with urine and blood samples, were retrospectively analyzed from 52 MPA patients and compared to urine samples from 7 healthy controls. Global disease activity was assessed using the Birmingham vasculitis activity score (BVAS) and vasculitis damage index, while renal disease activity was evaluated using renal BVAS (BVAS-R).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Urinary Kim-1 levels were significantly elevated in MPA patients compared to healthy controls. Urinary Kim-1 was positively correlated with the Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS) but not with the ANCA Kidney Risk Score (AKRiS), whereas tubular Kim-1 was associated with AKRiS but not with MCCS, indicating their distinct pathological significance. Higher tubular Kim-1 expression was observed in patients with elevated BVAS-R. Urinary Kim-1 levels correlated with proteinuria and were associated with the Mayo Clinic Chronicity Score (MCCS) and ANCA Kidney Risk Score (AKRiS) but not with glomerular lesion severity. Unlike C-reactive protein (CRP), neither urinary nor tubular Kim-1 predicted MPA recurrence.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Urinary Kim-1 reflects histopathologic findings and renal impairment but does not predict systemic disease activity or recurrence in MPA, demonstrating its potential clinical utility as a biomarker for assessing chronic renal damage.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941514/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Synergistic Effect of <i>Serratia fonticola</i> and <i>Pseudomonas koreensis</i> on Mitigating Salt Stress in <i>Cucumis sativus</i> L.","authors":"Sajid Ali, Murtaza Khan, Yong-Sun Moon","doi":"10.3390/cimb47030194","DOIUrl":"10.3390/cimb47030194","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Beneficial microbes enhance plant growth and development, even under stressful conditions. <i>Serratia fonticola</i> (S1T1) and <i>Pseudomonas koreensis</i> (S4T10) are two multi-trait plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) that are resistant to saline conditions. This study evaluated the synergistic effect of these PGPRs on mitigating salinity stress (200 mM) in <i>Cucumis sativus</i>. Presently, the synergistic effect of both strains enhances the plant growth-promoting attributes of cucumber, and the growth parameters were significantly higher than those of uninoculated plants. The PGPR-treated plants revealed a significantly higher biomass and improved chlorophyll content. The inoculation of S1T1 and S4T10 and the synergistic effect of both promoted 23, 24, and 28% increases, respectively, in the fresh biomass and 16, 19.8, and 24% increases, respectively, in the dry biomass. Similarly, S1T1 and S4T10 and their synergistic effects led to 16.5, 28.4, and 38% increases, respectively, in the water potential and 18, 22, and 28% decreases, respectively, in abscisic acid (ABA). A reduction in the electrolytic leakage (EL) was additional proof of successful PGPR activities. Similarly, a decrease in the antioxidant levels, including those of malondialdehyde (21-30%), hydrogen peroxide (19-38%), and superoxide anions (24-34%), was observed, alongside an increase in antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (22-29%) and superoxide dismutase (17-27%). Additionally, the synergistic inoculation of the PGPRs enhanced the NaCl stress tolerance by upregulating the expression of the ion transporter genes <i>HKT1</i> (1-2-fold), <i>NHX</i> (1-3-fold), and <i>SOS1</i> (2-4-fold). Conclusively, the synergistic effect of the multi-trait PGPRs significantly enhances <i>C. sativus</i> L. growth under salt stress.</p>","PeriodicalId":10839,"journal":{"name":"Current Issues in Molecular Biology","volume":"47 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11941737/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143708208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}