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Cell-free biosensors: where have we been and where do we need to go? 无细胞生物传感器：我们已经做了什么，我们需要去哪里？
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103451
Anibal Arce , Dylan M Brown , Herma A Demissie , Siyuan Feng , Maram Naji , Julius B Lucks
{"title":"Cell-free biosensors: where have we been and where do we need to go?","authors":"Anibal Arce ,&nbsp;Dylan M Brown ,&nbsp;Herma A Demissie ,&nbsp;Siyuan Feng ,&nbsp;Maram Naji ,&nbsp;Julius B Lucks","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103451","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103451","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Cell-free biosensors have the potential to become a low-cost, widely distributed technology. If deployed at scale, they can generate new large-scale data streams about human health and our environment, providing actionable information at the point of need. Here, we review the key technological advances of cell-free biosensors over the last five years and suggest a future path of technology development, including interfacing with circuits, devices, and materials that are becoming part of the next generation of biosensors. We then ask what is needed for these technologies to succeed at scale, focusing on lessons from field-deployment studies, policy, regulatory, safety, and other considerations to ensure alignment of technological developments with real-world necessities, market opportunities, and reliable use by non-experts.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103451"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Leveraging protein phase separation for optimized biochemicals production 利用蛋白质相分离优化生化生产
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103450
Zhu Chen , Hongpeng Cao , Dumengfei Chen , Caixia Wan
{"title":"Leveraging protein phase separation for optimized biochemicals production","authors":"Zhu Chen ,&nbsp;Hongpeng Cao ,&nbsp;Dumengfei Chen ,&nbsp;Caixia Wan","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103450","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103450","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbial cell factories are pivotal platforms for converting lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals within the bioeconomy framework. Current bioproduction remains hindered by microbial sensitivity to inhibitors and process stresses, and by metabolic bottlenecks from poorly organized pathways and toxic intermediates that reduce titer, yield, and productivity. It is further limited by a narrow range of accessible bio-based chemicals. This review spotlights protein liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) as a powerful strategy to overcome these barriers. LLPS, a ubiquitous biophysical phenomenon, enables the formation of dynamic, membraneless condensates crucial for cellular functions like stress responses and metabolic channeling. Microbes leverage LLPS for protection against diverse stressors and to enhance metabolic efficiency by localizing enzymes and substrates. We critically assess how engineering microbial phase separation improves host fitness, streamlines metabolic flux to enhance economic performance, and enables <em>in vivo</em> assembly and functional integration of artificial metalloenzymes.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103450"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacterial degradation of emerging aromatic pollutants and integrated strategies for sustainable healthy agro-ecosystem 新出现的芳香污染物的细菌降解和可持续健康农业生态系统的综合策略。
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103448
Prashant S Phale, Tushar Dhamale, Sandesh E Papade, Ram K Kumawat
{"title":"Bacterial degradation of emerging aromatic pollutants and integrated strategies for sustainable healthy agro-ecosystem","authors":"Prashant S Phale,&nbsp;Tushar Dhamale,&nbsp;Sandesh E Papade,&nbsp;Ram K Kumawat","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103448","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103448","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Emerging aromatic pollutants originating from pesticides, including insecticides, herbicides, pesticide additives, surfactants, and mulching films, are increasingly contaminating agro-ecosystems. Their widespread use, recalcitrance, and toxicity pose serious risks to the environment as well as human health. Bacteria possess remarkable potential to degrade these persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic aromatic pollutants. This review focuses on metabolic fate and eco-physiological traits that bacteria employ for survival and effective degradation of xenobiotics that commonly persist in agricultural fields. It also highlights opportunities and challenges of a holistic approach using bacteria, that is, integrating pollutant biodegradation, plant growth promotion, and biocontrol activities to restore soil health and crop productivity.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103448"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Deciphering the guanidine code: from core metabolism to biosynthesis of its derivatives 破译胍密码：从核心代谢到其衍生物的生物合成
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103453
Shibo Guo , Yuan Gao , Jia Wang, Qipeng Yuan , Xiaolin Shen
{"title":"Deciphering the guanidine code: from core metabolism to biosynthesis of its derivatives","authors":"Shibo Guo ,&nbsp;Yuan Gao ,&nbsp;Jia Wang,&nbsp;Qipeng Yuan ,&nbsp;Xiaolin Shen","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103453","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103453","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Guanidine is a chemically stable, nitrogen-rich moiety that constitutes a core structural element of numerous natural small molecules and is widely used in pharmaceuticals, animal feed, cosmetics, and related industries. In recent years, microbial cell factories have emerged as sustainable and efficient platforms for the production of guanidine derivatives. This review summarizes the central metabolic pathways of guanidine in microorganisms and provides critical insights for the metabolic engineering of guanidine derivatives. We highlight current biosynthetic strategies and recent advances in the production of representative guanidine derivatives, including <span>L</span>-arginine and its downstream products guanidinoacetate and agmatine. Finally, we discuss the key challenges limiting the efficient biosynthesis of guanidine and its derivatives and outline future directions toward industrially viable guanidine-based biomanufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103453"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185850","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Microbial spies and bloggers: programming cells to convert environmental information into discernible signals 微生物间谍和博主：编程细胞将环境信息转化为可识别的信号
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-29 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103436
Dorsa Sattari Khavas , Samuel K Schwartz , Presley Bird , Albert Truong , Jonathan J Silberg
{"title":"Microbial spies and bloggers: programming cells to convert environmental information into discernible signals","authors":"Dorsa Sattari Khavas ,&nbsp;Samuel K Schwartz ,&nbsp;Presley Bird ,&nbsp;Albert Truong ,&nbsp;Jonathan J Silberg","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103436","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103436","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Microbes regulate their dynamic behaviors using the chemical and physical characteristics of their environment. The ability of microbes to continuously convert this physicochemical information into biochemical information and to use organic matter in the environment as a power source makes these organisms attractive as chassis for building sensors. However, most biosensors have severe limitations when considering applications in hard-to-image settings like soils, sediments, and wastewater. Emerging technologies at the interface of biomolecular design, microbiome engineering, and synthetic biology offer new tools to program cells and communities as biosensors for these settings. In this review, we describe innovations in biosensor outputs that are enabling new applications in complex environments, including reporters that are read out using electrochemical, gas chromatography, hyperspectral imaging, and next-generation sequencing methods. We also discuss computational advances that are accelerating the diversification of sensing components by mining metagenomics data for new transcriptional regulators and by designing allosteric protein switches that directly regulate reporter outputs using analytes. We highlight emerging opportunities for programming undomesticated microbes in communities to function as distributed sensors in the environment. Finally, we discuss the need for responsible biosensor development and to modernize regulatory frameworks to support evidence-based assessment of environmental biosensors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103436"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Controlling biofilm dynamics to unlock the future of biofilm-based biocatalysis 控制生物膜动力学开启基于生物膜的生物催化的未来。
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103447
Yi-Nan Liu , Yidan Hu , Bin Cao
{"title":"Controlling biofilm dynamics to unlock the future of biofilm-based biocatalysis","authors":"Yi-Nan Liu ,&nbsp;Yidan Hu ,&nbsp;Bin Cao","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103447","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103447","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Biofilms have emerged as promising biocatalysts due to their distinct structural and functional advantages. Since biofilm dynamics shape biofilm architecture and catalytic performance, engineering strategies to control these dynamics are key to improving biofilm-based catalysis. In this review, we outline the fundamental features and catalytic benefits of biofilms, with a focus on biofilm dynamics. We highlight recent advances in regulatory strategies, from the manipulation of biofilm-associated genes to the design of synthetic circuits based on signaling networks that govern biofilm development. We further discuss current challenges, including limited regulatory efficiency, restricted applicability beyond model organisms, and the need for biofilm functional enhancement. Collectively, these insights position the control of biofilm dynamics as a frontier for advancing next-generation biofilm-based biocatalysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103447"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117601","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Plant microbiome regulation for sustainable agriculture 可持续农业中的植物微生物调控。
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-10 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103444
Jingying Zhang , Weidong Liu , Binglei Wang , Qianhang Zhai , Yang Bai
{"title":"Plant microbiome regulation for sustainable agriculture","authors":"Jingying Zhang ,&nbsp;Weidong Liu ,&nbsp;Binglei Wang ,&nbsp;Qianhang Zhai ,&nbsp;Yang Bai","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103444","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103444","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Plant-associated microbiomes are vital for sustainable agriculture, enhancing crop nutrient uptake, stress resistance, and yield while reducing agrochemical reliance. Microbial regulation, the targeted manipulation of these microbiomes, bridges microbial ecological potential and agricultural application. Currently, this regulation is categorized by whether microbial genomes are modified, encompassing two core strategies: external conditioning and internal engineering. External conditioning is a genome-unaltered approach that reshapes microbial communities via environmental cues, host traits, and agronomic practices, enabling rapid, low-regulatory tuning of microbiome function. In contrast, internal engineering alters microbial genomes via CRISPR-based tools, synthetic communities, and <em>in situ</em> editing to lock in stable beneficial traits for consistent field performance. Emerging technologies like AI-powered predictive models and advanced delivery systems support both strategies by boosting microbial regulation precision and scalability. Ultimately, microbial regulation optimizes plant–microbe interactions, expediting sustainable agricultural solutions to enhance climate resilience and global food security.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103444"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146164638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Shaping Aspergillus niger into a next-generation cell factory for L-malic acid 将黑曲霉塑造成下一代l -苹果酸细胞工厂
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103452
He Liu , Mei-Yi Chang , Chi Zhang , Qing Xu
{"title":"Shaping Aspergillus niger into a next-generation cell factory for L-malic acid","authors":"He Liu ,&nbsp;Mei-Yi Chang ,&nbsp;Chi Zhang ,&nbsp;Qing Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103452","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103452","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div><span>L</span>-Malic acid, a versatile platform chemical, is increasingly manufactured through sustainable microbial fermentation. The filamentous fungus <em>Aspergillus niger</em> stands as a premier cell factory for its industrial production due to its native production capacity and metabolic versatility. This review summarizes cutting-edge advances in elucidating and engineering the <span>L</span>-malic acid biosynthetic pathway in <em>A. niger</em>. A core focus lies on systems metabolic engineering and critical enabling tools that collaboratively redirect carbon flux toward enhanced <span>L</span>-malic acid synthesis. We further discuss enduring challenges in industrial-scale-up, including process intensification and downstream processing, and outline promising future directions that integrate systems biology with innovative bioprocess technologies to advance the economic viability of microbial <span>L</span>-malic acid production.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103452"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146185849","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Emerging biosensor and assay-enabled high-throughput screening solutions for enzyme and strain engineering 用于酶和菌株工程的新兴生物传感器和高通量筛选解决方案
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-01-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103439
Jingyun Zhang , Dan Zheng , Sheena Chan , Matthew W Chang , Chueh Loo Poh
{"title":"Emerging biosensor and assay-enabled high-throughput screening solutions for enzyme and strain engineering","authors":"Jingyun Zhang ,&nbsp;Dan Zheng ,&nbsp;Sheena Chan ,&nbsp;Matthew W Chang ,&nbsp;Chueh Loo Poh","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103439","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103439","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-throughput screening (HTS) platforms and automated biofoundries have enabled large-scale experimentation in enzyme and microbial strain engineering. Central to HTS are biosensors and assays, which translate biochemical activities into measurable signals, enabling rapid evaluation of cellular and enzymatic performance. Yet despite advancements in high-throughput infrastructure, the limited availability of robust biosensors or assays and the difficulty of integrating them with HTS, particularly with ultra-HTS, remains a major bottleneck. This review highlights recent progress and challenges in applying biosensors- and assays-enabled HTS for enzyme and strain libraries. We discuss strategies for integrating diverse biosensor types, including transcription factors, G protein-coupled receptors, aptamers, fluorogenic RNAs, riboswitches, and colorimetric assays, with HTS to detect a broad range of metabolites and products. We also explore how biosensor-enabled HTS facilitates data generation for machine learning-guided biocatalyst engineering. Collectively, these advances accelerate biocatalyst discovery and drive the next generation of sustainable biomanufacturing.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103439"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146090684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Molecular biotechnology for the biodegradation of organofluorine compounds 有机氟化合物生物降解的分子生物技术。
IF 7 2区 工程技术
Current opinion in biotechnology Pub Date : 2026-04-01 Epub Date: 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103446
Lawrence P Wackett
{"title":"Molecular biotechnology for the biodegradation of organofluorine compounds","authors":"Lawrence P Wackett","doi":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103446","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.copbio.2026.103446","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Organofluorine compounds are of considerable concern due to their environmental persistence and human health effects. Their persistence stems from an inability of native microorganisms to metabolize them. Polyfluorinated compounds are unnatural, offer little nutritional benefit to microorganisms, and their breakdown releases toxic fluoride anion. Yet, the biological breakdown of dispersed polyfluorinated compounds would offer a compelling strategy for environmental remediation. In this context, molecular biotechnology is being pursued. The first required tools are methods for monitoring biodefluorination, often determining fluoride release by different methods. The use of those methods revealed fluoride toxicity as a major selection against biodefluorination. Despite that, microbial enzymes catalyzing defluorination of monofluorinated compounds are known and provide templates for bioengineering systems to handle polyfluorinated compounds. Whereas biodegradation often evolves in nature, effective biodegradation of perfluorinated chemicals may require laboratory evolution and engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10833,"journal":{"name":"Current opinion in biotechnology","volume":"98 ","pages":"Article 103446"},"PeriodicalIF":7.0,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146117551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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