Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Amyloid and Tau Co-pathology in Parkinson Disease and Atypical Parkinsonism.","authors":"Maria Jose Angel Pinto, Indira García Cordero, Guido Dorman, Gabriel Mizraji, Chloe Anastassiadis, Oscar Gershanik, Blas Couto","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01488-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01488-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We performed a narrative review of the literature of amyloid and tau co-pathology in Parkinson Disease and atypical parkinsonism in Pubmed database, including articles published between January 2020 to July 2025.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In the last decade, different multicenter research efforts have worked to improve the accuracy of clinical-pathological diagnosis in neurogenerative disease. In this search, growing evidence from neuropathology, neuroimaging and fluid biomarkers have highlighted the role of Alzheimer's disease (AD) co-pathology in Parkinson's disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonism (AP) disorders potentially affecting progression, motor phenotype and cognitive status. Regarding studies of structural and functional imaging evidencing the presence of Amyloid-β (Aβ), tau, as co-pathologies contribute to α-synuclein-related profile of cortical atrophy, network disruption, as well as clinical heterogeneity in PD and AP disorders. In AP fluid biomarkers have shown limited diagnostic accuracy. Neuropathological evidence from systematic post-mortem surveys confirmed that diffuse and neuritic Aβ plaques are uncommon in non-demented PD (10%), intermediate in PD-dementia (30-40%), and frequent in Dementia with Lewy Bodies (60-80%). The evidence in PD and DLB showed that Aß fluid biomarkers may predict clinical trajectory and cognitive decline, while Aβ-imaging would help stratifying patients and directing therapeutic pipeline designs. In AP disorders, including progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration, a combined multimodal assessment of molecular imaging, structural and functional magnetic resonance with fluid biomarkers shall guarantee future differential diagnosis and prediction of clinical outcomes. Although there are no currently accepted biomarkers for PD or AP, the recent design of plasma tau biomarkers and seed-amplification assays are promising approaches which are also reviewed here.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147509992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent Advances in Targeted Therapies for Adult Gliomas.","authors":"Aleksandra B Lasica, Alice R Tang, Arooba Iqbal, Vihang Nakhate, Patrick Y Wen","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01484-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01484-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Incorporation of molecular diagnostics has transformed the classification and risk stratification of adult gliomas, revealing a spectrum of therapeutically actionable targets. This review evaluates Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved and investigational targeted therapies and discusses the major challenges and future directions facing the field. RECENT FINDINGS: Landmark FDA approvals, such as vorasidenib for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH)-mutant gliomas, dabrafenib and trametinib for BRAF V600E-mutated gliomas, neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) inhibitors for NTRK fusion-positive tumors and dordaviprone for H3K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas, underscore a new era of targeted therapies in neuro-oncology. These molecularly-driven therapies deliver tangible clinical benefit to select subsets of patients with molecularly defined tumors. However, they are not curative, and tumors with these targetable alterations constitute a minority of adult gliomas. Novel agents targeting DNA repair and metabolic dependencies, and leveraging immune-based and advanced strategies of drug delivery, are under investigation. Targeted therapies have begun to transform the management of molecularly defined subsets of adult glioma, though their clinical benefits remain limited to date.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC13013171/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147510014","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Movement Disorders in Tropical Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Koushik Pan, Barun Kumar Sen, Ambar Chakravarty","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01486-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01486-2","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;p&gt;PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review various types of movement disorders associated with common tropical infectious diseases produced by viruses, bacteria, rickettsia, protozoa and/or parasites. At times, the offending organism almost exclusively affects the central nervous system (CNS) without any significant systemic manifestations, as in neurocysticercosis. RECENT FINDINGS: Movement disorders almost invariably result from direct invasion of the CNS by the offending organism. CNS involvement may occur as a result of brain edema, electrolyte abnormalities, hypoxia, ischemia, haemorrhage, liver and kidney malfunction and/or due to liberation of toxic substances like cytokines and enzymes. Such encephalopathies rarely result in prominent movement disorders other than tremors Finding the exact cause and nature of the causative organism is of utmost importance. Nucleic acid in vitro amplification-based molecular methods are increasingly being applied for routine microbial detection. Advantages are a rapid turnaround and higher sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, these molecular methods performed on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples may be considered as the ‘’new gold standard’’ for diagnosis of CNS infection. Commercially available ‘’panels’’ offer various multiplex PCR assays for convenient testing of targets that cause similar clinical scenarios. Pan-omics molecular platforms possess potential for use in this area. Results generated by these methods need to be carefully interpreted in combination with clinical findings. Using a combination of conventional and molecular diagnostic methods, it has been shown that in approximately two thirds of patients with clinical encephalitis, an etiologic organism could not be identified. Current practice is shifting towards development of advanced techniques beyond nucleic acid-based detection. CSF is the ideal specimen for PCR testing in patients with suspected meningitis or meningoencephalitis. Time of testing from symptom onset is essential to understand and rule out false negative results and recommend retesting within a certain time frame (as in cases of HSV encephalitis). Immunocompromised patients are at risk for infection by a much wider strains of opportunistic pathogens, for example HHV-6, JC virus, Toxoplasma encephalitis among bone marrow transplant recipients and patients with HIV. Often, infection can be more severe (e.g., West Nile Virus) and difficult to diagnose. Nucleic acid in vitro amplification-based molecular diagnosis methods have a wider and better application in clinical microbiology practice. Movement disorders including cerebellar ataxias are rare during any acute encephalitic syndrome (AES). Such disorders may develop after the acute infection as transient phenomenon when they resemble the pathogenesis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or may result from permanent brain damage during the acute course of the illness. CSF pleocytosis generally favours an infectious eti","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147484965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Beyond the Clinic: The Impact of Stroke Support Organizations on Patient Experience and Outcomes.","authors":"M L A Nelson, H Singh, J Leighton, S Belson, M Wu, P Lindsay, T T Moni, B Obviagele","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01490-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01490-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE: To define the role and scope of Stroke Support Organizations (SSOs) in the stroke care pathway and identify strategies to optimize their engagement across the continuum of care. METHODS: A review following Cochrane protocols searched five databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, Cochrane) for 2017–2024 literature, supplemented by author expertise. RESULTS: SSOs function across the stroke care pathway, from emergency recognition training to long-term recovery support. SSOs bridge gaps between formal healthcare and community-based care, particularly when clinical rehabilitation services end. Promising integration models include healthcare-community partnerships, coordination frameworks, and service delivery adaptations. Barriers include funding, unclear role definitions, and limited referral pathways. Active collaboration between healthcare institutions and SSOs was a noted facilitator for success. SSOs offer continuity when formal services are limited. Neurologists can optimize patient outcomes by understanding SSO capabilities, establishing formal referral pathways, and integrating community-based support into care planning.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479941","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevention and Treatment of ICU Delirium in Brain Injured Patients.","authors":"Thomas Lawson, Bethany C Young, Michael E Reznik","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01489-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01489-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Delirium is highly prevalent after acute brain injury and is associated with poor outcomes, yet neurocritically ill patients remain underrepresented in delirium research. This review examines recent evidence and current challenges in delirium detection, prevention, and treatment in patients with acute neurological injury. RECENT FINDINGS: Commonly used ICU delirium screening tools such as the CAM-ICU and ICDSC demonstrate reduced accuracy in patients with severe neurological deficits, while newer tools like the FMSE show promise in neurocritically ill populations. Multicomponent non-pharmacologic interventions remain central to delirium management, while pharmacological strategies have been aimed at minimizing risks, as clinical trials of most pharmacological delirium treatments have largely shown no benefit. However, data specific to neurocritical care settings remain limited. Delirium management in ICU patients with acute brain injury is often adapted from other patient populations, though there have been recent efforts to harmonize delirium assessment methods in neurocritical care settings. With the increasing awareness of delirium and its clinical implications in patients with acute brain injury, more studies are needed to develop preventive and therapeutic approaches tailored to this highly vulnerable patient population. </p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147467253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Neuroendovascular Procedures: A Comprehensive Review.","authors":"Brandon J Bond, Mirjana Djakovic, Ronak H Jani, John T Tsiang, Anthony W Kam, David P Pasquale, Joseph C Serrone","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01482-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01482-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Infection after neuroendovascular procedures is rare, yet practice around antibiotic prophylaxis varies widely. This review appraises evidence regarding prophylactic antibiotics in diagnostic cerebral angiography and therapeutic neuroendovascular interventions, compares practice patterns with interventional radiology and interventional cardiology, and summarizes major society guidelines. RECENT FINDINGS: Across published series totaling approximately 30,000 neuroendovascular procedures, infection rates ranged from 0 to 0.4%, with no measurable difference between procedures performed with or without prophylactic antibiotics. Infections were predominantly minor and limited to access sites. Comparative data from interventional cardiology and interventional radiology show similarly low infection rates. Professional guidelines uniformly discourage routine antibiotic prophylaxis in clean vascular procedures as well as diagnostic angiography, recommending selective use only in clearly defined high-risk patients. Routine pre-procedural antibiotic prophylaxis is not recommended for diagnostic cerebral angiography or for most clean therapeutic neuroendovascular procedures (including coiling/stenting/flow diversion) in the absence of specific high-risk features. Selective prophylaxis may be considered for clearly high-risk patients or situations. </p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147456048","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognition and Long COVID: a Review.","authors":"Christina M van der Feltz-Cornelis","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01485-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01485-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Provide an overview of current knowledge regarding cognitive issues in patients with long COVID, also termed brain fog or cognitive COVID. RECENT FINDINGS: Subjective cognitive symptoms in long COVID patients are common but often go undetected by traditional standardised cognitive test batteries. This discrepancy poses a major clinical and societal problem, given the prevalence, protracted course and impact of cognitive COVID on work functioning. New, online assessment methods for cognitive function are feasible and corroborate subjective self-report symptoms, finding executive function impairments in cognitive COVID. As vaccination protects against brain fog and not against anxiety and depression in long COVID, brain fog can be seen as a core symptom of long COVID, concerning executive functioning, and a direct effect of neurotropic viral brain infiltration. Depression and anxiety are comorbid conditions due to indirect factors associated with the pandemic, such as increased social isolation and loss of work. Ongoing vaccination programs should not only target the elderly, but also working-age people. Online cognitive assessment batteries are recommended for assessment and treatment monitoring in long COVID. Integrated care is recommended given the high rate of multimorbidity. Future research might explore the effects of antiviral medication, modulation of the immune response, and GLP-1 agonists in long COVID. </p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147455999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital Technologies for Symptom Monitoring in Parkinson Disease.","authors":"Natalia Chunga, Varun Reddy, William Barbosa, Jamie L Adams","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01481-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01481-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Digital health technologies (DHT) are promising tools for symptom monitoring in Parkinson disease (PD), offering objective and continuous data in real-life settings. This article reviews recent literature on DHT for symptom monitoring in PD, with a focus on remote monitoring devices.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Research studies have demonstrated that DHT can accurately and reliably monitor both motor and non-motor symptoms of PD, surpassing the limitations of subjective and episodic traditional clinical assessments. Digital measures show promise in predicting PD before clinical diagnosis, differentiating between individuals with and without PD, and detecting subtle symptom changes over time. Portable and non-invasive technologies-such as mobile applications, wearable sensors, and radio wave activity trackers-offer the opportunity to assess symptoms remotely, capturing day-to-day changes and real-world experiences. DHT have the potential to optimize monitoring of PD symptoms in clinical and research settings, which may help advance therapeutic development and tailor treatment interventions. As DHT continue evolving, standardization of the collection methods and selection of clinically relevant digital measures will be crucial for their wide-scale implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960457/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Update on the Pathophysiology and Management of Tics.","authors":"Emily Casaletto, Lucy Morse, Darren Miller, Juan Deliz-Gonzalez, Danielle Larson","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01480-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01480-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review aims to collate takeaways from the most recent and relevant literature related to tics, from genetic studies to case studies elucidating Functional tic like behaviors (FTLBs) and clinical trials of novel drugs in development. RECENT FINDINGS: Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and functional neuroimaging studies have enhanced the understanding of genetic and structural links to Tourette Syndrome (TS). The rise of FTLBs during the Covid-19 pandemic heightened our understanding of this phenomenon and led to the identification of social media’s influence on tics. New studies have identified sex-related difference in TS and common psychiatric co-morbidities. Tic treatment is evolving away from traditional anti-psychotics toward newer compounds including VMAT-2 inhibitors, Ecopipam, and cannabinoid formulations, as well as novel transcranial stimulation approaches. Our understanding of tic etiology and pathophysiology as well tics’ functional counterpart FTLBs and social media impact is expanding along with our ability to manage tics with novel treatments in development. </p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC12960455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147353964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep and Headache Disorders: What a Clinician Needs to Know.","authors":"Alana Fretes Burgos, Angeliki Vgontzas","doi":"10.1007/s11910-026-01487-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-026-01487-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sleep and headache disorders share a complex, bidirectional relationship. This review summarizes current evidence on various aspects of sleep and three primary headache disorders—migraine, tension-type headache, and cluster headache. We also suggest inclusion of a clinical questionnaire and treatment pearls for clinicians treating patients presenting with headache and sleep complaints. RECENT FINDINGS: Several sleep disorders, particularly insomnia and restless legs syndrome, are highly prevalent in patients with migraine. Insomnia may contribute to or be a manifestation of a more severe migraine phenotype. Poor sleep is associated with worse pain severity for chronic tension type headache. Circadian studies in cluster headache further confirm hypothalamic and possibly, the trigeminal ganglion control. Behavioral interventions and pharmacologic considerations may optimize sleep and headache outcomes. Sleep symptoms and headache frequently co-occur, with emerging evidence identifying underlying networks and drivers. Individualized sleep assessments and interventions are an important part of comprehensive headache treatment for many patients. </p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":7.4,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147344047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}