Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports最新文献

{"title":"Misdiagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis: Past, Present, and Future.","authors":"Nicole Bou Rjeily, Andrew J Solomon","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01371-w","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01371-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Misdiagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent worldwide problem. This review discusses how MS misdiagnosis has evolved over time and focuses on contemporary challenges and potential strategies for its prevention.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent studies report cohorts with a range of misdiagnosis between 5 and 18%. Common disorders are frequently misdiagnosed as MS. Overreliance on MRI findings and misapplication of MS diagnostic criteria are often associated with misdiagnosis. Emerging imaging biomarkers, including the central vein sign and paramagnetic rim lesions, may aid diagnostic accuracy when evaluating patients for suspected MS. MS misdiagnosis can have harmful consequences for patients and healthcare systems. Further research is needed to better understand its causes. Concerted and novel educational efforts to ensure accurate and widespread implementation of MS diagnostic criteria remain an unmet need. The incorporation of diagnostic biomarkers highly specific for MS in the future may prevent misdiagnosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"547-557"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142145359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stroke Prevention and Treatment for Youth with Sickle Cell Anemia: Current Practice and Challenges and Promises for the Future.","authors":"Susan Creary, Melissa G Chung, Anthony D Villella, Warren D Lo","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01372-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01372-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Sickle cell anemia (SCA) is an autosomal recessive inherited hemoglobinopathy that results in a high risk of stroke. SCA primarily affects an underserved minority population of children who are frequently not receiving effective, multi-disciplinary, preventative care. This article reviews primary and secondary stroke prevention and treatment for children with SCA for the general adult and pediatric neurologist, who may play an important role in providing critical neurologic evaluation and care to these children.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Primary stroke prevention is efficacious at reducing ischemic stroke risk, but it is not consistently implemented into clinical practice in the United States, resulting in these children remaining at high risk. Acute symptomatic stroke management requires neurology involvement and emergent transfusion to limit ischemia. Furthermore, while chronic transfusion therapy is a proven secondary preventative modality for those with prior symptomatic or silent cerebral infarcts, it carries significant burden. Newer therapies (e.g., stem cell therapies and voxelotor) deserve further study as they may hold promise in reducing stroke risk and treatment burden. Effective primary and secondary stroke prevention and treatment remain a challenge. Informing and engaging neurology providers to recognize and provide critical neurologic evaluation and treatment has potential to close care gaps.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"537-546"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11455693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Glymphatic System and its Relationship to Migraine.","authors":"Alana Fretes Burgos, Patricia A Olson, Angeliki Vgontzas","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01368-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01368-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>We aim to critically review animal and human studies of the glymphatic system in migraine and propose a model for how the glymphatic system may function in migraine, based on the available evidence.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Early studies in animal models report migraine attacks temporarily disrupt glymphatic flow. Human imaging studies suggest chronic migraine may be associated with alterations in glymphatic system function, albeit with conflicting results. Presently, it remains unknown whether repetitive migraine attacks or frequent nights of insomnia impair glymphatic system function over time in those with migraine, and whether alterations in glymphatic function could contribute to worsening migraine disability or risk for cognitive disease. Longitudinal studies of glymphatic function in patients with migraine and insomnia, with inclusion of cognitive assessments, may be informative.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"517-525"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hyper-Acute Stroke Systems of Care and Workflow.","authors":"Timothy J Kleinig, Patrick McMullan, Geoffrey C Cloud, Prof Christopher Bladin, Anna Ranta","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01367-6","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01367-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Recent stroke treatment advances have necessitated agile, broad-scale healthcare system redesign, to achieve optimal patient outcomes and access equity. Optimised hyperacute stroke care requires integrated pre-hospital, emergency department, stroke specialist, radiology, neurosurgical and endovascular neurointervention services, guided by a population-wide needs analysis. In this review, we survey system integration efforts, providing case studies, and identify common elements of successful initiatives.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Different regions and nations have evolved varied acute stroke systems depending on geography, population density and workforce. However, common facilitators to these solutions have included stroke unit care as a foundation, government-clinician synergy, pre-hospital pathway coordination, service centralisation, and stroke data guiding system improvement. Further technological advantages will minimize the geographical distance disadvantages and facilitate virtual expertise redistribution to remote areas. Continued treatment advances necessitate an integrated, adaptable, population-wide trans-disciplinary approach. A well-designed clinician-led and government-supported system can facilitate hyperacute care and scaffold future system enhancements.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"495-505"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415429/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141987552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in the Treatment of Pediatric Low-Grade Gliomas.","authors":"Inci Yaman Bajin, Eric Bouffet","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01369-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01369-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) often result in significant long-term morbidities despite high overall survival rates. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of pLGG biology and molecular features and provide an overview of current and emerging treatment strategies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Surgical resection remains a primary treatment modality, supplemented by chemotherapy and radiotherapy in specific cases. However, recent advances have elucidated the molecular underpinnings of pLGGs, revealing key genetic abnormalities such as BRAF fusions and mutations and the involvement of the RAS/MAPK and mTOR pathways. Novel targeted therapies, including MEK, BRAF and pan-RAF inhibitors, have shown promise in clinical trials, demonstrating significant efficacy and manageable toxicity. Understanding of pLGGs has significantly improved, leading to more personalized treatment approaches. Targeted therapies have emerged as effective alternatives, potentially reducing long-term toxicities. Future research should focus on optimizing therapy sequences, understanding long-term impacts, and ensuring global accessibility to advanced treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"527-535"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141981940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lifestyle Factors and Stroke Prevention: From the Individual to the Community.","authors":"Ali Saad, Laurel Cherian, Karima Benameur","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01370-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01370-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The overwhelming majority of stroke burden can be prevented through the pillars of lifestyle medicine: diet, exercise, sleep, substance abuse, stress management, and healthy relationships. Among these, diet confers the greatest attributable risk.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Despite abundant data and integration of lifestyle medicine within major stroke prevention guidelines, several barriers to effective implementation remain. These include lack of emphasis in medical education, integration in hospital certification metrics, reimbursement from medical insurance, and health policy that inadequately addresses social determinants of health. However, both top-down and bottom-up solutions introduced within the last few years are helping to break down these barriers. This review highlights recent literature and interventions that are closing the gap between the theory and practice of stroke prevention through lifestyle risk factors from a US perspective. By strategically targeting the various institutional barriers, it is possible and essential to substantially reduce stroke burden.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"507-515"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142046389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Resting-State Functional MRI Approaches to Parkinsonisms and Related Dementia.","authors":"Noemi Piramide, Rosa De Micco, Mattia Siciliano, Marcello Silvestro, Alessandro Tessitore","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01365-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11910-024-01365-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of the review: </strong>In this review, we attempt to summarize the most updated studies that applied resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) in the field of Parkinsonisms and related dementia.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Over the past decades, increasing interest has emerged on investigating the presence and pathophysiology of cognitive symptoms in Parkinsonisms and their possible role as predictive biomarkers of neurodegenerative brain processes. In recent years, evidence has been provided, applying mainly three methodological approaches (i.e. seed-based, network-based and graph-analysis) on rs-fMRI data, with promising results. Neural correlates of cognitive impairment and dementia have been detected in patients with Parkinsonisms along the diseases course. Interestingly, early functional connectivity signatures were proposed to track and predict future progression of neurodegenerative processes. However, longitudinal studies are still sparce and further investigations are needed to overcome this knowledge gap.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":" ","pages":"461-477"},"PeriodicalIF":4.8,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11415422/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141751326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sleep Disturbances in Autoimmune Neurological Diseases: Mechanisms, Clinical Characteristics, Assessment, and Treatment Strategies","authors":"Huanyu Meng, Xiaoyu Chen, Sheng Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01377-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-024-01377-4","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of review</h3><p>Sleep disturbances are a hallmark feature of various autoimmune neurological diseases (AINDs). However, limited awareness of these sleep manifestations exists among clinicians. We provide a comprehensive overview of assessment methods, characteristic sleep disturbances, the impact of specific antibodies on sleep patterns, and treatment strategies for sleep disturbances in AINDs.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent findings</h3><p>Research advancements in sleep disturbances in autoimmune neurological disease focus primarily on four areas: mechanisms, clinical characteristics, assessment, and treatment. Regarding mechanisms, animal models for AINDs, particularly those involving specific antibodies like anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-IgLON5, have become more comprehensive. Recent advancements in animal models have led to the establishment of numerous models for AINDs; these models include a wide range of antibodies, including anti-NMDAR, anti-LGI1, and anti-IgLON5. Several studies using these models have revealed common mechanisms underlying sleep disturbances in these diseases. In terms of clinical characteristics, the identification of antibodies associated with recently discovered AINDs has expanded the spectrum of sleep disturbance symptoms observed compared to prior findings. A comprehensive evaluation system for the assessment of sleep disturbances has been established, including questionnaires, polysomnography, functional magnetic resonance imaging, and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT. Additionally, cardiopulmonary coupling shows promise as a novel assessment tool. Currently, no universally effective treatment exists for sleep disturbances in autoimmune neurological diseases, either through symptomatic treatment or immunosuppressive therapy. Further studies are needed to confirm the efficacy of new therapies and validate the benefits of existing treatments.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Sleep disturbances are a hallmark feature of AINDs. Recent advancements have significantly expanded our understanding of their assessment and treatment. However, further studies are needed to address the remaining uncertainties in sleep disturbance management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142260166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of Population Receptive Field Sizes in Higher-Order Visual Dysfunction","authors":"Deena Elul, Netta Levin","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01375-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-024-01375-6","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of Review</h3><p>Population receptive field (pRF) modeling is an fMRI technique used to retinotopically map visual cortex, with pRF size characterizing the degree of spatial integration. In clinical populations, most pRF mapping research has focused on damage to visual system inputs. Herein, we highlight recent work using pRF modeling to study high-level visual dysfunctions.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent Findings</h3><p>Larger pRF sizes, indicating coarser spatial processing, were observed in homonymous visual field deficits, aging, and autism spectrum disorder. Smaller pRF sizes, indicating finer processing, were observed in Alzheimer’s disease and schizophrenia. In posterior cortical atrophy, a unique pattern was found in which pRF size changes depended on eccentricity.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Changes to pRF properties were observed in clinical populations, even in high-order impairments, explaining visual behavior. These pRF changes likely stem from altered interactions between brain regions. Furthermore, some studies suggested that pRF sizes change as part of cortical reorganization, and they can point towards future prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Subcortical Aphasia: An Update","authors":"Victor Nascimento Almeida, Marcia Radanovic","doi":"10.1007/s11910-024-01373-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11910-024-01373-8","url":null,"abstract":"<h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Purpose of review</h3><p>This review aims to rediscuss the leading theories concerning the role of basal ganglia and the thalamus in the genesis of aphasic symptoms in the absence of gross anatomical lesions in cortical language areas as assessed by conventional neuroimaging studies.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Recent findings</h3><p>New concepts in language processing and modern neuroimaging techniques have enabled some progress in resolving the impasse between the current dominant theories: (a) direct and specific linguistic processing and (b) subcortical structures as processing relays in domain-general functions. Of particular interest are studies of connectivity based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tractography that highlight the impact of white matter pathway lesions on aphasia development and recovery.</p><h3 data-test=\"abstract-sub-heading\">Summary</h3><p>Connectivity studies have put into evidence the central role of the arcuate fasciculus (AF), inferior frontal occipital fasciculus (IFOF), and uncinate fasciculus (UF) in the genesis of aphasia. Regarding the thalamus, its involvement in lexical-semantic processing through modulation of the frontal cortex is becoming increasingly apparent.</p>","PeriodicalId":10831,"journal":{"name":"Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142220786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}