Current Cardiology Reports最新文献

{"title":"Advances in the Multimodality Imaging and Management of Recurrent Pericarditis: A Contemporary Review.","authors":"Harsha Sanaka, Elio Haroun, Aro Daniela Arockiam, Tiffany Dong, Allan Klein, Tom Kai Ming Wang","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02133-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02133-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To outline recent advances in imaging and treatment for recurrent pericarditis (RP).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Greater understanding of NLRP3 inflammasome activation in the pathogenesis of RP has led to the development of several anti-interleukin (IL-1) agents, and technological advancements have increased the utility of multimodality imaging in RP. Multimodality imaging plays a crucial role in the assessment of RP, with echocardiography serving as the initial imaging modality; cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) as a pivotal test for diagnosis, grading severity, and surveillance; and cardiac computed tomography (CT) providing complimentary information and assisting operative assessment. Anti-IL-1 agents are now well-established as second line therapy for RP, with recent clinical trials demonstrating their efficacy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1359-1375"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Stress Echocardiography for Assessment of Diastolic Function.","authors":"J Lukas Laws, Tania Ruiz Maya, Deepak K Gupta","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02142-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02142-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Diastolic dysfunction is an important, though often underappreciated, cause for exertional dyspnea. Echocardiography enables noninvasive evaluation of diastolic function and filling pressure, but images acquired at rest may be insensitive for detection of exertional abnormalities. This review focuses on stress echocardiography to assess diastolic function, including traditional and novel techniques, with emphasis on specific patient sub-groups in whom this testing may be valuable.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging data informs patient selection for diastolic stress testing. Further, increasing literature provides considerations for performance and interpretation of diastolic metrics relevant to patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, athletes, and those with microvascular coronary dysfunction. Methods, such as speckle-tracking and multi-modality imaging, provide additional and complementary information for non-invasive diastolic assessment. This review serves as a guide to optimally utilize existing and novel techniques of stress echocardiography for diastolic assessment across a broad range of patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1461-1469"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668835/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transcatheter Myotomy for Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy.","authors":"Barbara Danek, David Elison, Christine J Chung, James M McCabe","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02145-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02145-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To describe the emerging role of transcatheter septal myotomy in the treatment of hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Transcatheter septal myotomy was developed to address risk of LVOT obstruction during TMVR, however it has been performed in patients with LVOT obstruction related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, in whom it improves symptoms, reduces LVOT gradients, and is associated with low incidence of procedural complications. Transcatheter myotomy is a novel approach to address LVOT obstruction related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in patients who are not favorable surgical candidates. The risk of conduction abnormalities with transcatheter septal myotomy appears low. Research is needed to define optimal patient selection and long-term outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1471-1476"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142459988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inflammation in Chemotherapy-Induced Cardiotoxicity.","authors":"Elizabeth Hutchins, Eric H Yang, Ashley F Stein-Merlob","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02131-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02131-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>In this review we describe the role of inflammation in chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity with a particular focus on anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy (AIC). First, we discuss inflammation associated with anthracyclines at a cellular level. Next, we discuss the clinical implications of these inflammatory mechanisms for early detection and cardioprotective strategies in patients undergoing anthracycline treatment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Key inflammatory pathways identified in AIC include cytokine release, upregulation of the innate immune system via toll-like receptors, and activation of the inflammasome. Emerging evidence suggests a role for inflammatory biomarkers in detecting subclinical AIC. Advanced imaging techniques, such as cardiac PET with novel tracers targeting inflammation, may enhance early detection. Both traditional cardioprotective strategies and novel anti-inflammatory therapies show potential in preventing and treating AIC. Understanding the inflammatory mechanisms involved in AIC provides new opportunities for early detection and targeted cardioprotective strategies in patients undergoing anthracycline treatment and informs our understanding of other forms of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1329-1340"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668833/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cerebral Embolic Protection: Is There a Benefit for Left Atrial and Mitral Valve Procedures?","authors":"Besir Besir, Samir R Kapadia","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02132-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02132-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to highlight the current evidence on the use of cerebral embolic protection devices (CEPD) in left atrial and transcatheter mitral valve procedures. It also aims to summarize the antithrombotic management of patients undergoing such procedures.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Ischemic stroke is one of the most devastating complications of structural heart procedures. The manifestation of periprocedural stroke can range from asymptomatic and detectable only through brain imaging to major stroke with neurological deficits. CEP devices were initially developed to mitigate the risk of stroke associated with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the efficacy of such devices during different cardiac interventions is yet to be fully demonstrated, especially in left atrial appendage closure (LAAO), and mitral valve interventions. Few studies demonstrated that the risk of periprocedural strokes after LAAO and mitral valve interventions is not negligible and is highest during the periprocedural period and then falls. The majority of patients undergoing those procedures have cerebral ischemic injuries detected on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI). Moreover, a reasonable number of those patients had debris embolization on the filters of the CEPD. Pharmacological therapy with antithrombotic agents before, during, or after structural heart interventions is crucial and should be tailored to each patient's risk of bleeding and ischemia. Close monitoring that includes a full neurological assessment and frequent follow-up visits with cardiac echocardiography are important. The risk of periprocedural stroke in left atrial and transcatheter mitral valve procedures is not negligible. Pharmacological therapy with antithrombotic agents before, during, or after structural heart interventions is important to mitigate the risk of stroke, especially the long-term risk. More prospective studies are needed to assess the efficacy of CEPD in such procedures.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1341-1346"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668839/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142380245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Venous Insufficiency: Wound Management.","authors":"Jordan Blake Iceton, Alex Haro, Judy Lau, Eri Fukaya","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02140-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02140-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Venous leg ulcers (VLUs) are one of the most common forms of chronic wounds and with nearly half the people having recurrent episodes, this significantly impacts a patient's quality of life. As such, VLU is a chronic disease that requires lifelong maintenance and awareness. A correct diagnosis of VLU is essential for management.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>VLUs can be of mixed etiology and treatment should be aimed at optimizing the underlying venous hypertension based on its cause. If there is an anatomical venous reflux contributing to the non-healing of the VLU, early treatment of incompetent veins can improve healing rates. All aspects contributing to the patient's ongoing venous hypertension should be addressed to provide appropriate treatment. This can include venous interventions but also through conservative measures. Patient education and their engagement in their own care is essential for good outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1453-1460"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Computational Medicine: What Electrophysiologists Should Know to Stay Ahead of the Curve.","authors":"Matthew J Magoon, Babak Nazer, Nazem Akoum, Patrick M Boyle","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02136-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02136-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Technology drives the field of cardiac electrophysiology. Recent computational advances will bring exciting changes. To stay ahead of the curve, we recommend electrophysiologists develop a robust appreciation for novel computational techniques, including deterministic, statistical, and hybrid models.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>In clinical applications, deterministic models use biophysically detailed simulations to offer patient-specific insights. Statistical techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence recognize patterns in data. Emerging clinical tools are exploring avenues to combine all the above methodologies. We review three ways that computational medicine will aid electrophysiologists by: (1) improving personalized risk assessments, (2) weighing treatment options, and (3) guiding ablation procedures. Leveraging clinical data that are often readily available, computational models will offer valuable insights to improve arrhythmia patient care. As emerging tools promote personalized medicine, physicians must continue to critically evaluate technology-driven tools they consider using to ensure their appropriate implementation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1393-1403"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668619/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281677","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Good (Tumor Killing) and the Bad (Cardiovascular Complications) of Immunologic Checkpoint Inhibitors.","authors":"Maria T Gamero, Avish Patel, Eugene Storozynsky","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02147-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02147-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review details the significant advancement in knowledge of Immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) and its potential deleterious cardiac immune-related adverse effects (irAE). We explore their mechanisms on the cardiac tissue, providing guidance on risk factors, clinical presentations, diagnostic strategies along with treatment.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent findings have provided insights of cardiac irAEs that exist beyond the previously well-known ICI-induced myocarditis. We have a better understanding of the wide variety of cardiac irAEs pathologies both early and late onset. Moreover, there is more data on mechanisms of cardiotoxicity and patient and therapy-related risk factors, supporting closer routine cardiac monitoring with biomarkers and imaging for prevention and early detection. Diagnosing cardiac irAEs is a challenge given its broad clinical presentation. A high-level of suspicion in addition to early work-up is crucial to prevent serious cardiac events. A multi-disciplinary team including Cardiologists and Oncologists is essential for closely monitor patients' cardiac status on ICI therapy. There is a need of updated guidelines to establish clear recommendations in patients on ICIs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1487-1498"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668830/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Artificial Intelligence Algorithms in Cardiovascular Medicine: An Attainable Promise to Improve Patient Outcomes or an Inaccessible Investment?","authors":"Patrícia Bota, Geerthy Thambiraj, Sandeep C Bollepalli, Antonis A Armoundas","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02146-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02146-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This opinion paper highlights the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) technology for cardiovascular disease (CVD), presents best practices and transformative impacts, and addresses current concerns that must be resolved for broader adoption.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>With the evolution of digitization in data collection, large amounts of data have become available, surpassing the human capacity for processing and analysis, thus enabling the application of AI. These models can learn complex spatial and temporal patterns from large amounts of data, providing patient-specific outputs. These advantages have resulted, at the moment, in more than 900 AI-based devices being approved, today, by regulatory entities, for clinical use, with similar to improved performance and efficiency compared to traditional technologies. However, issues such as model generalization, bias, transparency, interpretability, accountability, and data privacy remain significant barriers for broad adoption of these technologies. AI shows great promise in enhancing CVD care through more accurate and efficient approaches. Yet, widespread adoption is hindered by unresolved concerns of interested stakeholders. Addressing these challenges is crucial for fully integrating AI into clinical practice and shaping the future of CVD prevention, diagnosis and treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1477-1485"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142544252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Innovations in Imaging: ¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT for Assessment of Cardiovascular Infection and Inflammation.","authors":"Siddharth J Trivedi, Jamieson M Bourque","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02137-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02137-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>¹⁸F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT), referred to as ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT, plays a significant role in the diagnosis and management of patients with systemic infectious and inflammatory conditions. This review provides an overview of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in systemic infectious and inflammatory conditions, including infective endocarditis (IE), cardiac implantable electrical device (CIED)/left ventricular assist device (LVAD) infection, sarcoidosis, and large-vessel vasculitis (LVV).</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>This review highlights the past and present literature in the increasing role of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular inflammation and infection, including diagnostic and prognostic findings. They key aspects of this paper are to highlight the importance of ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT in cardiovascular infection and inflammation, and to provide illustrations of how it can contribute to patient diagnosis and management.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":" ","pages":"1413-1425"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11668860/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142307328","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}