Current Cardiology Reports最新文献

{"title":"The Role of Race in Pregnancy, Hypertension, and Long-Term Outcomes.","authors":"Jacqueline Levene, Alyssa Chang, Anisha Reddy, Alisse Hauspurg, Esa M Davis, Malamo Countouris","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02224-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02224-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to discuss racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), disparities in peripartum and postpartum outcomes, and strategies to improve health equity.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Racial disparities in HDP are significant contributors to maternal morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of preeclampsia has increased over the last 20 years, with the highest prevalence among non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native individuals. Black birthing individuals are at increased risk for cardiovascular-related morbidity and mortality, particularly from complications of HDP. Factors such as social determinants of health and systemic racism have a significant impact on disparities in maternal and fetal outcomes related to HDP. System changes and provider implicit bias training can help address systemic racism. Interventions aimed at improving access to care, such as telehealth and home blood pressure monitoring, as well as incorporating health system navigators that provide peripartum and postpartum support can improve outcomes and promote health equity.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unpacking Exosomes: A Therapeutic Frontier for Cardiac Repair.","authors":"Elena McMullan, Darukeshwara Joladarashi, Raj Kishore","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02225-8","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02225-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The rising global prevalence of cardiovascular disease is driving the need for innovative biotherapeutics. Recently, exosomes-extracellular vesicles involved in paracrine signaling have shown promise in aiding heart repair associated with cardiovascular conditions. Their therapeutic potential encompasses several beneficial mechanisms, including anti-fibrosis, anti-inflammation, pro-angiogenesis, anti-oxidation, and anti-apoptosis, all contributing to improved cardiac function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of exosomes and highlights the latest research on their effectiveness in addressing current challenges in regenerative cardiac medicine.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Current approaches revolve around elucidating and enhancing how different cell types, cargo, and delivery methods impact healing in a pathological cardiovascular environment. The emerging field of therapeutic exosome research is promising for cardiac regeneration due to the beneficial effects of exosomal cargo. The expansion of mechanistic knowledge and the optimization of techniques are required before standard clinical application.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"73"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11925971/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioengineering Approaches to In Vitro Modeling of Genetic and Acquired Cardiac Diseases.","authors":"Linqi Jin, Boeun Hwang, Sarah Rezapourdamanab, Vani Sridhar, Roshni Nandwani, Mehdi Salar Amoli, Vahid Serpooshan","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02218-7","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02218-7","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to explore recent advancements in bioengineering approaches used in developing and testing in vitro cardiac disease models. It seeks to find out how these tools can address the limitations of traditional in vitro models and be applied to improve our understanding of cardiac disease mechanisms, facilitate preclinical drug screening, and equip the development of personalized therapeutics.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Human induced pluripotent stem cells have enabled the generation of diverse cardiac cell types and patient-specific models. Techniques like 3D tissue engineering, heart-on-a-chip platforms, biomechanical conditioning, and CRISPR-based gene editing have enabled faithful recreation of complex cardiac microenvironments and disease conditions. These models have advanced the study of both genetic and acquired cardiac disorders. Bioengineered in vitro models are transforming the basic science and clinical research in cardiovascular disease by improving the biomimicry and complexity of tissue analogues, increasing throughput and reproducibility of screening platforms, as well as offering patient and disease specificity. Despite challenges in scalability and functional maturity, integrating multiple bioengineering techniques with advanced analytical tools in in vitro modeling platforms holds promise for future precision and personalized medicine and therapeutic innovations.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"72"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11926001/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143669330","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Constrictive Pericarditis: A Short Literature Review.","authors":"Chieh-Ju Chao, Sushil Allen Luis, Reza Arsanjani, Jae K Oh","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02222-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02222-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a potentially curable condition characterized by the thickening, scarring, and calcification of the pericardium. A comprehensive approach, including clinical evaluations and imaging techniques such as echocardiography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging, is essential for timely diagnosis and intervention to prevent chronic complications and enhance patient outcomes. However, the rarity of CP and the specialized expertise required present challenges in diagnosis.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Emerging artificial intelligence applications show promise in enhancing clinical decision-making and improving outcomes. Studies utilizing cognitive machine learning and deep learning algorithms (ResNet50) achieved an AUC above 0.95 in distinguishing CP from restrictive cardiomyopathy. However, generalization and interpretability issues remain, and the development of AI applications for CP is still nascent due to challenges in obtaining large, high-quality echocardiographic datasets. Future research should evaluate the effectiveness of these models in diverse clinical scenarios, employing comprehensive echocardiography, point-of-care ultrasound, and other modalities to improve CP detection, individualized risk assessment, and treatment planning, ultimately enhancing patient prognosis.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"70"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143604056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Echocardiography and Heart Failure: An Echocardiographic Decision Aid for the Diagnosis and Management of Cardiomyopathies.","authors":"Ashley Pender, Jessica Lewis-Owona, Abdulmojeed Ekiyoyo, Marcus Stoddard","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02194-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02194-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>The purpose of this review is to highlight the utility of echocardiography in the diagnosis and management of cardiomyopathies.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Echocardiographic parameters function synergistically to guide decision-making ranging from early detection of disease and screening to risk stratification of complex disease. The collective wealth of information available from 2D/3D assessment, Doppler, diastology and strain makes echocardiography an invaluable decision aid.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"64"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11870920/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143522878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel F-18-labeled Tracers of Sympathetic Function for Improved Risk Stratification and Clinical Outcomes.","authors":"Fatema Tuj Zohora, Matthew A Nazari, Albert J Sinusas","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02197-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02197-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review summarizes the role of the novel ¹⁸F-labeled positron emission tomography (PET) sympathetic radiotracers for risk stratification in patients with ischemic heart disease. PET tracers have demonstrated prognostic value by characterizing myocardial sympathetic nerve density and by extension the extent of myocardial sympathetic denervation. The unique features of these PET radiotracers are discussed in relation to clinical application.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Absolute quantification of sympathetic denervation has been possible with ¹⁸F-labeled PET tracers which outperform low ejection fraction (<35%) in predicting sudden cardiac death (SCD) and allow for more optimal risk stratification in patients with heart failure. This underscores their utility in selecting patients for preventable strategies with implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD). Appropriate candidate selection for ICD placement is a major priority as at present 80% of patients that die from SCD do not receive an ICD (potentially preventable mortality) while only 1 in 8 patients with an ICD receive a life-saving shock. Furthermore, 1 in 3 patients with ICDs receive inappropriate shocks. Thus, there is a pressing need to more appropriately select and exclude patients who will and will not benefit from ICD placement, respectively, as both suffer poor outcomes. Despite the clear prognostic benefit offered by prior PET sympathetic radiotracers in imaging myocardial sympathetic denervation, their short half-lives necessitated costly onsite cyclotron synthesis obviating their pragmatic clinical use. ¹⁸F-labeled radiotracers have a longer half-life allowing centralized synthesis and transport to their point of use. As such, ¹⁸F-labeled sympathetic radiotracers define an innovation and may offer a more affordable and clinically practical approach for evaluation of risk in patients with cardiovascular disease. ¹⁸F-labeled sympathetic radiotracers are currently available for evaluation and risk stratification of patients with ischemic heart disease and heart failure. These radiotracers may offer a more practical approach for selection of ICD placement and consequent prevention of SCD; a major, yet unmet need, in heart failure patients and those that suffer SCD at large. However, further development and clinical testing of these ¹⁸F-labeled sympathetic radiotracers is required.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"61"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143499573","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surgical Techniques for Mitral Valve Repair: A Review for the Non-Cardiac Surgeon.","authors":"Hanghang Wang, James S Gammie","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02213-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02213-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review provides an overview of surgical techniques for mitral valve repair, emphasizing advancements in artificial cordal repair, annuloplasty, and resectional approaches. It aims to equip non-cardiac surgeons with insights into the principles and strategies that underpin successful valve repair, encouraging broader application in clinical practice.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Innovations in mitral valve repair, including the adoption of artificial neochordae and advancements in annuloplasty devices, have continued to improve repair durability. Intraoperative tools, such as transesophageal echocardiography, remain essential for optimizing outcomes. Nonetheless, significant variability persists in repair rates across regions and surgeons, highlighting opportunities for improvement. Mitral valve repair remains the gold standard for managing degenerative mitral regurgitation, with proven benefits in survival and long-term outcomes. As techniques become more reproducible and accessible, expanding repair expertise and improving national repair rates could significantly improve patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"60"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143482456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Angiographic Anatomy of the Left Coronary Veins: Beyond Conventional Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy.","authors":"Iulia-Georgiana Zehan, Csilla-Andrea Eötvös, Mădălina Patricia Moldovan, Mihai-Gabriel Andrei, Călina-Patricia Șchiop-Țentea, Roxana Daiana Lazar, Adriana Daniela Sârb, Giorgia Coșeriu, Teodora Avram, Adela Șerban, Gabriel Gușetu, Larisa Diana Mocan-Hognogi, Roxana Chiorescu, Sorin Pop, Edwin Kevin Heist, Dan Blendea","doi":"10.1007/s11886-025-02204-z","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-025-02204-z","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This review aims to synthesize current knowledge on the angiographic anatomy of the coronary sinus and its tributaries veins, with focus on venous branches other than classical ones used in cardiac resynchronization therapy. It also presents common anatomical aspects that could impact the clinical outcome.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Recent advancements in the electrophysiology field, like epicardial arrhythmia mapping and ablation through coronary sinus or cardiac pacing from atypical veins requires a detailed angiographic assessment of cardiac veins. There is an increased interest for the veins coursing in the left ventricular summit (LVS) area and could potentially provide a pathway to reach the LVS arrhythmogenic foci. However, there is no consensus regarding the nomenclature and classification of these veins. This review could offer a better understanding of the coronary sinus and its tributary veins distribution, dimensions and relationship with nearby structures that could help the development of new ablation and pacing tools and strategies, with higher success rates.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"58"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839802/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fluoroscopy-free Transcatheter Atrial Septal Defect Closure: A Simplified Approach.","authors":"Naychi Lwin, Piia Suursalmi, Sophia Yong, Saleha Kabir, Matthew I Jones, Alexandra Savis, Shakeel A Qureshi, Eric Rosenthal","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02177-5","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02177-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>To provide an overview of fluoroscopy-free transcatheter atrial septal defect (ASD) closure and introduce a simplified approach that avoids pulmonary vein instrumentation.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Since the first reported fluoroscopy-free ASD closure 24 years ago, only a few small series have described this technique. We present a simplified and less cumbersome approach to encourage wider adoption of the fluoroscopy-free method to suitable ASD anatomy.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Fluoroscopy free ASD closure was performed in 9 patients using the conventional technique (Group 1) and 23 patients using our simplified approach of direct placement of the device into the defect (Group 2). Median age and weight were 28 years, 53 kg in Group 1 (range: 5-52 years, 22-88 kg) and 36 years, 66 kg in Group 2 (range: 4-76 years, 16-115 kg). Devices were successfully implanted in all patients, with a median device size of 21 mm (Group 1: 9-36 mm, Group 2: 10-33 mm). Procedural time was 47 min for Group 1 and 35 min for Group 2 (p = 0.09). Length of hospital stay was similar in both groups. There were no acute or long-term complications and no need for reintervention. Transcatheter ASD closure without the use of fluoroscopy using the simplified approach is safe and effective, offers a shorter procedure duration and minimises instrumentation within the left atrium and pulmonary veins. Patient selection is key and with greater experience, this procedure may be applicable to a wider selection of ASD anatomy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"59"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11839779/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143448493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Point-of-Care Ultrasonography in the Critical Care Unit: An Update.","authors":"Keith Guevarra, Yonatan Greenstein","doi":"10.1007/s11886-024-02187-3","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11886-024-02187-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose of review: </strong>This article outlines updates in point of care ultrasonography.</p><p><strong>Recent findings: </strong>Improving diagnostic accuracy and image quality is continuing to evolve in Point-of-care ultrasonography (POCUS). This include incorporating Artificial Intelligence (AI) and use of other modalities such as Doppler in lung ultrasonography. Transesophageal echocardiography is an emerging option when imaging is difficult to obtain via transthoracic echocardiography. POCUS is becoming instrumental when used during cardiac arrest. Ultrasound (VExUS) Grading System is a promising measurement to assess a patient's volume status. Given the multiple advantages of POCUS usage, competency in POCUS became a requirement of Critical Care fellowship training. POCUS is an important diagnostic modality and guide to medical management. New technological advances such as AI, can serve as a guide to enhance image quality and help accurately obtain quantitative assessments. POCUS has a major role during cardiac arrest and advanced cardiac life support. The clinical utility of POCUS was further substantiated during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) requires critical care programs to include competency in POCUS as part of their training.</p>","PeriodicalId":10829,"journal":{"name":"Current Cardiology Reports","volume":"27 1","pages":"54"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2025-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11829842/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143425133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}