Current Botany最新文献

{"title":"Biological approaches of termite management: A review","authors":"P. Mishra, M. Verma, S. Jha, A. Tripathi, A. Pandey, A. Dikshit, Satyawati Sharma","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.7021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.7021","url":null,"abstract":"For increased crop production, the role of chemical termititoxicant cannot be neglected as they have provided the efficient way to achieve green revolution. But the present scenario has forced mankind to search for alternative options. While keeping in mind the concept of sustainable agriculture, pest management including termites and other phyto-diseases etc. needs to be focused. For the achievement of the above stated goal, eco-friendly and cost-effective strategies need to be emphasized. Biopesticidal agents that mainly comprise of herbal and microbial formulations are known to exhibit anti termite activity and have a pivotal role in the production of organic food products. In order to reduce the chemical consumption, the vast area of biological alternatives needs to be explored as they provide us with many beneficial aspects like sustainability, suitable application, biodegradable nature, target specificity etc. Further, the bioactive components of such biological agents can later be used as commercially viable termititoxicant in the form of formulations. These herbal and microbial termititoxicants are effective and have immense scope to be used in future for sustainable development.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"32 1","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78883875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In vitro salt tolerance induced secondary metabolites production in Abrus precatorius L.","authors":"P. Deepa, K. P. L. Farshana","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6391","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6391","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Abrus Adans. includes about 18 species which belongs to the family Leguminosae and native to Africa, Madagascar, India and Indo-China (Swanepoel and Kolberg, 2011). The generic name, Abrus is derived from the Greek word habro which means delicate, elegant, pretty or soft in reference to the leaflets (Lewis et al., 2015). Among the species, white seeded Abrus precatorius L. is a garden ornamental plant characterized by climbing, twining or trailing vine with slender branches. It is commonly known as ‘white kunni’ in Malayalam and ‘kunch’ in Bengali. The plant is best known for its white seeds which are used as beads and in percussion instruments. The species contain various kinds of alkaloids such as glycerrhizin, precol, abrol, abrasion, abrin A and abrin B (Joshi and Joshi, 2000). Moreover, the presence of abrin indicates the toxicity of white seeds. In addition to the toxic effect, the plant parts have many medicinal properties due to the presence of different secondary metabolites that including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumor activities (Roy et al., 2012).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"2 1","pages":"115-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73358222","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Seed germination behaviour of Terminalia paniculata Roth (Combretaceae), an economically important endemic tree to peninsular India","authors":"S. Viswanath, P. Pillai, Sinny Francis, T. Hrideek","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6857","url":null,"abstract":"Terminalia L. (Combretaceae), commercially important taxa with winged fruits, is distributed in tropical and sub-tropical regions mainly in semi-evergreen, dry and moist deciduous forests. It is well known for its timber and traditional medicinal uses. Sixteen species of Terminalia were reported from India, and among them 12 species from mainland including 2 exotics, 4 from Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India (Gangopadhyay & Chakrabarty, 1997). Terminalia paniculata Roth is one of the multipurpose tree species endemic to Peninsular India and is distributed in Karnataka and Kerala. Massive fruiting in the deep red color of the species during the summer gives red coloration to the canopy and which leads the naming Flowering Murdah (Figure 1). Normally the tree grows up to 30 m height and more than 2.50 m diameters at breast height and distribution ranged from 8001200 MSL (Pillai, 2017). Wood is commonly used for construction, agricultural implements, boat building, plywood, blackboards, packing cases, and non-wood products are used for drug preparation, tannins, gums, oils, fodder and certain organic compounds (Narayanan et al., 2011; Nazma et al., 1981; Trotter, 1959). FAO, Botanical Garden Conservation International and several other agencies listed T. paniculata as one of the common commercially important tree species in India (FAO, 1984; Mark et al., 2014; Nair, 1971; Nazma et al., 1981; Trotter, 1959).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"15 1","pages":"110-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86321412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Varietal identification and fingerprinting of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) varieties and hybrid using morphological descriptors and SSR markers","authors":"Senthilkumar A. Natesan, Subbulakshmi Kali, Kaavya Venkateswaran, K. Selvam, Iyanar Krishnamoorthy, R. Rajasekaran, S. Geetha","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.7022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.7022","url":null,"abstract":"Pearl millet is one of the sixth most and economically significant small seeded millet crop in the world. It contributes to 50% of world millet production. Pearl millet has its origin in Sahel of West Africa, where it was domesticated about 3000 years BP (Clotault et al., 2010). It belongs to the family Poaceae with 2n=2x=14 chromosomes and has a genome size of 1.76 Giga bases (Varshney et al., 2017). It is the staple food of Africa and North-west India, feeding about 90 million poor people across the world. India is the largest producer of pearl millet in the world that was grown in 6.93 million ha owing to average production of 8.61 million tonnes and productivity of 1243 kg/ha during 2018-2019 (AICRP, 2020. Pearl millet is considered to be a high energy cereal, rich in protein (8-19%), low starch content, high fiber content, rich in vitamins A and B, high calcium, iron, zinc with minor amounts of nutrients such as potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, copper, and manganese (Pattanashetti et al.,2016). In addition, it can be used as animal feed, brewery, and as roofing Varietal identification and fingerprinting of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) varieties and hybrid using morphological descriptors and SSR markers","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"21 1","pages":"105-109"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80718614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial effect of a cyclic peptide Nostophycin isolated from wastewater cyanobacteria, Nostoc calcicola","authors":"Vaishali Gupta, D. Vyas","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6612","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6612","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacterial features conspicuous researchers due to their capability of synthesis of various bioactive compounds, diverse range of habitats, wide diversity and morphological variability. Cyanobacteria are gram negative, photosynthetic and ubiquitous bacteria, which known as a primary producer (Gademann & Portmann, 2008). Availability in the extreme environment and unique feature of cyanobacteria, considered it to be future pioneer for research (Kulasooriya, 2011; Potts, 1999; Scherer et al., 1988; Scherer & Potts, 1989). According to Kalaitzis et al. (2009) cyanobacteria can produce immense range of bioactive compounds which help in survival in endurance and competitive ecological niche. Bioactive metabolites synthesized by Nostoc sp has been applied as a biofertilizer (Ghazal et al., 2018; Win et al., 2018), anticancer (Moore, 1996), antifungal (El-Sheekh et al., 2014), antibacterial (Ploutno & Carmeli, 2000), antiviral (Botos & Wlodawer, 2003) and enzyme-inhibiting (MazurMarzec et al., 2018). These bioactive compounds are explored and identified as peptides, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acid and lipopolysaccharides (Chorus, 2012; Dembitsky & Řezanka, 2005; Dittmann et al., 2001; Nowruzi et al., 2012; Parmar et al., 2011). Allelochemicals influence their own growth potential, other microbes in their vicinity, associated microorganisms, higher plants and animals. Cyanobacteria synthesize nitrogen storage material, new proteins, change pigmentation, excrete and store some other compounds, in response to environmental stress, temperature, pH, nutrient availability and light intensity (Mendes & Vermelho, 2013; Priya et al., 2015; Singh, 2014).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"16 1","pages":"94-101"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75531915","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessment of threatened status, phytochemical composition and biological properties of three Aconitum species from Kashmir Himalaya - India","authors":"Sabeena Ali, D. Kour, Augustin Ntemafack, Nitika Kapoor, P. Sultan, Ashok Kumar, Sumit G. Gandhi, Q. P. Hassan","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6892","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6892","url":null,"abstract":"Genus Aconitum (Ranunculaceae) is represented by 6–8 species from Kashmir Himalaya.  Traditionally Aconitum species are used to treat a wide array of diseases, but their ethnopharmacological validation and phytochemistry are hitherto unreported from Kashmir Himalaya. The present study was undertaken to bring insights into the traditional use and distribution pattern of three Aconitum species from the region. An ethnobotany-directed approach was employed to study the conservation status of three Aconitum species. Their phytochemical profiles and biological properties were screened under in vitro conditions. Folin–ciocalteu and Aluminium chloride assays were employed to measure their total phenolic and total flavonoid contents, respectively. Plant extracts were evaluated for antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Three Aconitum species, viz. Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle, Aconitum violaceum Jacquem. ex Stapf and Aconitum chasmanthum Stapf. ex Holmes showed dwindling conservation status in Kashmir Himalaya. Aconitum extracts showed significant variations in total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Antioxidant activity of Aconitum chasmanthum methanolic extract was studied to be comparatively higher (80.115%). Aconitum chasmanthum DCM & methanolic extracts showed a good MIC value of 0.125 mg/ml against Candida albicans and Streptococus pyogenes, respectively. The percent inhibition of NLRP inflammasome was found significant in Aconitum violaceum ethyl acetate extract (74.61%). The present study revealed that Aconitum species are constantly declining at least in investigated habitats of Kashmir Himalaya and hence need strategic conservation planning. The results also emphasized the utility of Aconitum species as an antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agent that could be used to manage various health problems.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75123925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Studies on the effect of sodium arsenate & cadmium chloride on Pithophora oedogonia (Mont.) Wittrock 1877","authors":"Puspendu Karmakar, J. Keshri","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6463","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metals are having high atomic weight. They are 5 times denser than water (Tchounwou et al., 2012). Nowadays, it is a serious issue to keep safe environment from two important biologically hazardous heavy metals viz. Arsenic (As) and Cadmium (Cd). Since heavy metals are non-biodegradable and hence can be separated out through different physical or chemical process (Jung et al., 2017). Arsenic can be found in different forms depending upon its oxidation state or valency which ranges from +3 to +5. Arsenite with oxidation state +3 is more toxic than arsenate, which contains the oxidation state of +5 (Gupta, 2007). According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2011), arsenic exhibit high toxicity in its inorganic form, that can be found in contaminated drinking water, food preparations from contaminated water, contaminated food crops etc. whereas cadmium is a byproduct mainly of mining origin, extracting and refining the zinc and least amount from lead and copper ores . Arsenic is a potent carcinogenic agent and can cause conjunctivitis, skin lesions and hard patches on the palms and feet; on the other hand, cadmium can damage the kidneys, lungs and livers by deposition and can exhibit chronic & acute effects respectively (Rashid & Mridha, 1998). Most importantly, cadmium deposition shows the longer half-lives in human body that sustains throughout lifetime (Andreae & Klumpp, 1979). According to WHO’s guideline value for arsenic and cadmium in drinking water should be lower than 10 μg/L and 3μg/L respectively.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"7 1","pages":"80-84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82203132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using aqueous extract of Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh) and their anticancer properties","authors":"Asha D. V. Bensy, G. J. Christobel","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6615","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6615","url":null,"abstract":"Marine macroalgae produce numerous bioactive compounds with potential pharmacological properties. In this study, macroalga was collected from the Gulf of Mannar, India and identified as, Turbinaria conoides (J. Agardh). The aqueous extract of T. conoides was used to synthesize iron nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesized iron NPs were characterized by X –ray diffraction analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy, and Transmission Electron Microscopy. The synthesized NPs showed potent activity against DLD1 and HeLa cell lines.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87002833","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Response of paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica Janet to the inorganic nitrogenous fertilizers","authors":"M. Shamina","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6412","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6412","url":null,"abstract":"Cyanobacteria are oxygen evolving, nitrogen fixing prokaryotes occur in every conceivable habitats but abundantly in water logged rice fields in several rice growing countries. Nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria play a vital role in the maintanence of soil fertility and sustainability in rice field ecosystems (Roger & Reynaud, 1979). Cyanobacterial inoculation to rice crop was found to be effective in different agroclimatic conditions like tropical or temperate climates and soil types such as saline soils, phosphorous rich soils, alkaline or acidic soils etc. (Singh et al., 2017). The paddy field ecosystem provides an environment favourable for the growth of cyanobacteria with respect to their requirement for light, water, temperature, humidity and nutrient availability. In submerged soil system, biological nitrogen fixation contributes 25 to 30 kg nitrogen per hectre for one cropping season (Saexena et al., 2007; Kaushik, 2001). They are cosmopolitan in distribution and occur in every conceivable habitat where life is possible. They are reported to occur in extreme climatic conditions such as hot springs, polar deserts and Antartic regions (Halder, 2015, 2016). Even though they are ubiquitious, they prefer to grow in rice fields because the soil pH, temperature, humidity, crop canopy and soil moisture are favourable for its growth in paddy fields. It releases a large number of secondary metabolites into the paddy fields which also influences the growth of paddy (Wilson, 2006). The beneficial effect of cyanobacterial biofertilizer for paddy such as increase in number of tillers, seeds, length of the plant and leaf, yield etc. has been well documented (Karthikeyan et al., 2009; Sao & Samual, 2018; Radhakrishnan & Venkitaraman, 2005). Cyanobacterial biomass is also used for the production of various bioactive compounds, food items and biofuels (Hall et al., 1995; Malik et al., 2001; Paumann et al., 2005). They can control the deficiency of nitrogen in the soil and also improves its properties. Apart from nitrogen fixation, it also influences the overall growth of paddy including the grain yield (Roger et al., 1980; Singh, 1981; Alam et al., 2014). Since the urea and ammonium sulphate are the easily available and commonly used inorganic nitrogen fertilizer in the paddy fields of India, this made the the author to study how much these synthetic nitrogen fertilizers such as urea and ammonium sulphate influences the growth of paddy field cyanobacterium, Westiellopsis prolifica.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"23 1","pages":"72-74"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75500590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Colchicine induced polyploidy in coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.)","authors":"Rakesh Purbiya, R. Verma, P. Dass, Chhatar Sing Chouhan","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6360","url":null,"abstract":"Coriandrum sativum L. (2n=22) is an annual herb that belongs to the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) is one of the most important cultivated (spice) crops in the world as well as India. Coriander is an aromatic plant, generally grown in winter. All the parts of the plant are edible but the fresh leaves and the dried seeds are most commonly used in cooking. It is an aromatic herb mainly used as a spice for adding taste and flavor to different food materials. The traditional uses of the coriander plants based on the primary products (fruits and the green herb) are medicinal and culinary (Bhati, 1988). The fruits are considered carminative, diuretic, tonic, stomachic, and antibilious. The essential oils of the fruits are possessing antibacterial and antioxidant activity (Bhandari & Gupta, 1991). Apiaceae is the 16th largest family of flowering plants containing about 200 genera and probably 2900 species; the family is cosmopolitan distributed worldwide except for Antarctica (Bentham, & Hooker, 1883). As per the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group system (APG) IV (2016) the family Apiaceae contains about 434 genera and probably 3,700 species. Polyploidy (having four completes sets of chromosomes) is relatively common in plants. By some estimates, as many as 70% of all angiosperms are natural polyploids (Masterson, 1994). A diploid plant can become polyploid due to disruption in mitosis or meiosis. It can and does occur in nature, but is also induced by using chemicals like colchicine. Colchicine is a chemical, has been used since 1937 in plant breeding work to produce changes in plants by doubling the number of chromosomes in cells, a condition referred to as polyploidy. The increased number of chromosomes usually brings about an increase in the size of the affected cells and various degrees of changes in their functions. A number of reports indicate that besides quantitative changes in plants resulting from polyploidy there also have been changes of qualitative character. These may be in color intensity of leaves and flowers; in fragrance of leaves, flowers, or other plant parts; and in content of oils, starches, sugars, and vitamins. Fundamentally these changes that are ordinarily considered qualitative are mostly, if not entirely, changes of quantitative nature, since they result from either an increase or a decrease of the various products naturally present in the plants. Many workers have worked out the effects of colchicine on different plant species such as; Cosmos sulphureus (Verma et al., 2011b), Chrysanthemum carinatum (Verma et al., 2017), Phlox drummondii (Verma et al., 2018) and Rhoeo discolor (Verma et al., 2011a).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":"1 1","pages":"62-65"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86935365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}