Current Botany最新文献

{"title":"Morphological, anatomical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis Lam.","authors":"Vaishali Dobriyal, Saurabh Guleri, M. Singh","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6242","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6242","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity is the variety and variability of life which includes all the plants and animals that live and grow on the Earth, all the habitats in which they survive, and all the natural processes of which they are a part. The earth supports an incredible array of biodiversity. Globally around 1.75 million species have been described and about 14 million species are estimated to be on earth. India is the country with large ecological diversity (from sea levels to highest mountainsforests, grasslands, wetlands, coastal and marine and desert). India’s total geographical area is 692,027 km2 and contribute about 2.4% of world total landmass and comes under 17 mega diversity country in the world (Singh & Dash, 2013). About 7-8% of world biodiversity is contained by India, in which it contributes in the presence of 11.4% of world’s flora (Karthikeyan, 2009). India is diverged with 47513 species of plants are known yet, 28% of which are endemic to the country. The Northern part of India harbors a great diversity of plants because of the majestic Himalayan range. The Himalayan region of India is bestowed with a variety of natural resources which have been exploited by mankind since times immemorial. Samant and Pant (2003) revealed that 1748 species were native to Himalayas and about 493 species were exotic, it indicates that these species had the ability to establish in diverse environmental conditions. Out of 15,000 species of flowering plants about 17% are considered to be of medicinal value (Jain, 1968). Medicinal and Aromatic plants constitute great economic and strategic value for Asia and Pacific. It has been estimated that about 30% of pharmaceutical are derived from green plants and this percentage has raised considerable in recent years. India has about 8,000 species of known medicinal plants and about 1,000 plants have been used in the traditional system of medicine viz., Ayurveda, Unani and Siddha, while tribal use 7500 plant species for medicinal purposes (Anon,1998a,b).Medicinal plants possesses appetizers, emollient, cooling, astringent (Ocimum basilicum), hypertensive (Rauvolfia serpentina), analgenic, antipyretic (Andrographis panniculata), antioxidant (Aloe barbadensis) properties. Medicinal and aromatic plants are used in the pharmaceutical industries in the preparation of herbal products as well as value added and consumer articles like cosmetics, tooth paste, soap etc (Chopra ,1956). Using Morphological, anatomical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of Buddleja madagascariensis Lam.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83014486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mutagenic potential of Gamma rays on Somatic cell division and morphological parameters in Foeniculum vulgare Mill.","authors":"M. Mishra, G. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6608","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6608","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about food security are increased depending on the raised world population. To feed the world population might be possible if the food production increases double by 2050. However, this aim is associated with many climate-based comprehensive challenges. Plant breeders take effort to change genetic structures of the plants to improve preferred food by humans. Although classical breeding techniques have presented knowledge of genetic structure of plants, modern breeding such as genetic engineering and mutation breeding give much more information than traditional breeders, the conventional breeding cannot be an appropriate option to improve new characters (Harten, 1998; Ahloowalia & Maluszynski, 2001). Mutation breeding has become a proven way of including alteration in genetic constituents to increase the variability at gene level in a very small period of time crop. Increasing world food security is the main aim for mutation breeding to increase crop production (Kharkwal & Shu, 2009).By using different type of physical and chemical mutagens. Ionizing radiations are also used to sterilize some agriculture product to increase the conservation time and decrease the pathogen propagation when trending these product with the same or from country to country (Melki & Sallami, 2008). Gamma rays are known to be more popular mutagen for their simple application, good penetration, less disposal problems, higher mutation frequency and reproducibility (Chahal & Gosal, 2002). It is most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, their energy level is from ten to several hundred kilo electron volts and have high penetration power as compared to other physical mutagens (Kovacs & Keresztes, 2002).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84974946","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Withaferin A – A natural multifaceted therapeutic compound","authors":"S. Vinod, K. Senthil","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6867","url":null,"abstract":"COVID 19, which has lead to the death of millions of people, is still spreading worldwide. The development of any new drug after proper trial is much time consuming.  This present global pandemic situation has lead the researchers around the world to run behind various existing antiviral and immunomodulatory natural compounds to overcome this contagious disease.  Withania somnifera (ashwagandha) that is being used in Ayurvedic medicine for several ailments since several years is also said to pocess anti viral activity. Thus many of its metabolites are being studied individually for its efficacy against the dreadful disease. Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone from ashwagandha is one such prime metabolite which beyond acting as an antioxidant or antimicrobial agent, is also said to pocess anti-inflammatory to anti carcinogenic properties.  Thus because of its wide spectrum of medicinal properties it has now become an attractive drug candidate for several preclinical studies. This increase in the demand for withaferin A has chanelled its way towards in vitro propagation of the plant Withania somnifera and trials on various strategies to increase the yield in terms of plant biomass as well as the withaferin content in the plants thus making it a better alternative to field grown plants. Thus this article reviews in depth on the important medicinal properties of withaferin A, its demand in Ayurveda industry and the in vitro strategies being carried out to overcome the demand.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84418865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In-silico molecular docking analysis of some plant derived molecules for anti-inflammatory inhibitory activity","authors":"L. Thamaraiselvi, T. Selvankumar, E. Wesely, N. V. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6583","url":null,"abstract":"A significant challenge of contemporary medicine is to make substances that regulate certain enzymes while leaving related isozymes unaffected. The two essential proteins, namely Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (iNOS) are essential mediators of an inflammatory process. Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) like Indomethacin act via inhibition of COX enzyme, COX catalyzes the first step of the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (Dannhardt and Kiefer, 2001). Prostaglandins (PGs), found in most of the tissues and organs, are the arachidonic acid metabolites of the Cyclooxygenase (COX) pathway and are significant mediators in the regulation of the inflammation and immune function (Smith et al., 2000). It has been shown that COX enzyme exists in two isoforms COX-1 and COX-2 (Marnett et al., 1999). In regards to amino acid composition, these enzymes are about 60% identical, and their catalytic areas are commonly conserved (Picot et al., 1994). The COX-1 enzyme is responsible for maintaining gastric and renal integrity, and COX-2 is an inducible enzyme responsible for the production of proinflammatory PGs, causing inflammation and pain (Seibert et al., 1994). The COX-2 inhibitors are useful for the relief of chronic pain in elderly patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis (Savage, 2005).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77774461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnomedicinal knowledge among the Malayali tribal of Chitteri hills, Eastern Ghats, Tamil Nadu, India","authors":"R. Prabakaran, T. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6878","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6878","url":null,"abstract":"Traditional knowledge of taxonomy is developed from a basic human tendency to recognize plants that are imposed by nature. It is developed from the unique history and culturally defined beliefs, behaviors and preferences of particular traditional societies rooted in a clearly defined geographical area and transmit their knowledge to their offspring’s. The universal identification of plants had been ubiquitous since the evolution of systematic botany. Evolution of taxonomy triggered botanists, to explore variety of plant species universally on their biological properties and evolved into the present modern ethnobotany, which emphasize on their, growth pattern and chemical compositions in traditional communities need. With the passage of time, they have developed a great deal of knowledge on the use of plants and plant products. The tribal have their own scientific knowledge of technology and they are still considered to be primitive and traditional bounded. The knowledge is very dynamic and is strongly influenced by indigenous creativity, innovation, rooted in geographical and cultural cognition. The knowledge is very vulnerable to degradation and even complete loss. In this perspective a rich diversity of flora of Chitteri hills was chosen for the study to document with objectives to reveal the criteria used by the Malayali of Chitteri hills use morphological characters and ecology of species as criteria for identification.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88618253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GC analysis of different parts of Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth for fatty acid composition","authors":"M. Anand, R. Basavaraju","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6605","url":null,"abstract":"Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae), also known as yellow-bells, yellow-elder, yellow trumpet bush, trumpet bush, ginger-thomas, esperanza, tronadora, is native to the high altitude regions of South America and the drier habitats of North America. It has got naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions such as Africa, Asia, The Pacific Islands, and Australia. It is majorly used as an ornamental shrub with evergreen foliage, trumpet-shaped bright yellow, faintly fragrant bunchy flowers, and an abundance of fruits and seeds (CABI, 2020). As a medicinal plant, it is used traditionally for regulating high blood sugar levels; treating problems of the gastrointestinal tract, liver, kidney, eye, and skin, stimulating the immune system, and antidote against scorpion, snake; and rat bites (Winkelman, 1986; Irigoyen-Rascon & Paredes, 2015; Moe & Hlaing, 2019). Several pharmacological studies revealed its antioxidant, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, anticancer, antiinflammatory, antiulcer, hepatoprotective, anti-arthritic, and antimicrobial actions (Aguilar-Santamaría et al., 2009; Sbihi et al., 2015; Taher et al., 2016; Robinson et al., 2017; Bakr et al., 2019). Though the plant has played an essential role as a medicine for treating a broad spectrum of disease conditions, there is a paucity of information on its nutritional profiling. Up to now, 120 compounds have been identified and isolated from the plant, including monoterpene alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, carotenoids, phytosterols, volatile oils, and fatty acids (Sbihi et al., 2015; Taher et al., 2016). To date, data on the fatty acid profile of seed sample of the plant has been reported (Sbihi et al., 2015). Besides this there are no reports on the comparative fatty acid composition of Tecoma plant parts. Thus our study aimed to determine the fatty acid profile of Tecoma stans plant parts grown in Puttaparthi, Andhra Pradesh, India.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74012661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial activity of leaf extracts of Euphorbia paralias L. and Melilotus sulcatus Desf. against some pathogenic microorganisms","authors":"Miloud M. Miloud, Najma A. Senussi","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6643","url":null,"abstract":"The pathogenic microorganism species have been increased their resistance to many of the chemically synthesized antibiotics that were previously used to resist them. In 2011, the WHO called for increased research on new drugs as antibiotic resistance increases dramatically (Abedini et al., 2013; Abreu et al., 2012). The use of plant extracts and phytochemicals, both with known antimicrobial properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatments. In the last few years, a number of studies have been conducted in different countries to prove such efficiency (Izzo et al., 1995; Schapoval et al., 1994; Kubo et al., 1993). Many plants have been used because of their antimicrobial traits, which are due to compounds synthesized in the secondary metabolism of the plant. These products are known by their active substances, for example, the phenolic compounds which are part of the essential oils (Janssen et al., 1987). Euphorbia paralias L. (E. paralias), belongs to the family Euphorbiaceae. It is a perennial herb. The stem and leaves produce a white or milky juice when cut. This species distributed in coastal areas of Europe & North Africa. A species, growing in the sand along the coastal area of Libya, easily recognized by its small densely compact appressed leaves (Jafri & El-Gadi, 1982). The Euphorbia includes many species that containing tannins, terpenes, anthocyanins, alkaloids, steroids like ßsito-sterol, ß-amyrin and glycosides (Scalbert, 1991; Gupta & Gupta, 2019), it includes also many species that are used medically in the treatment of many diseases such as pulmonary tuberculosis, ascites, edema, asthma, stomach, liver and uterine cancer, It also treats worm infestations in children and for gonorrhea, jaundice, pimples, digestive problems (Kirtikar & Basu, 1991; Feng et al., 2010).","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80525705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cancer selective cytotoxicity of Sida acuta extracts on Artemia salina and human breast adenocarcinoma cells","authors":"Ramasamy Elankanni, D. R. N. Kumar, R. A. Kumar","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6542","url":null,"abstract":"Cancer is one of the dreaded diseases and is the foremost basis of morbidity and death worldwide. The interests in the use of plants or plant-derived compounds are increasing recently due to their promising results in chemoprevention. The present study investigates the anti-cancer potential of Sida acuta, a traditionally well-known medicinal plant. Accordingly the methanol (SAM) and aqueous (SAA) extracts of Sida acuta, were examined against Artemia salina nauplii for toxicity and on human breast adenocarcinoma cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) for cytotoxic and apoptotic properties. Both the extracts, SAM and SAA exhibited higher toxicity towards Artemia salina. Interestingly, the extracts exhibited minimal cytotoxicity in normal cells (VERO) than in human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7). The highly active SAA effectively induced apoptosis in both the cells (MDA MB 231 and MCF-7) showing 17.81% and 4.27% of late apoptotic cells and 27.14% and 37.32% of early apoptotic cells, respectively. Most of the drugs being developed from plant sources had landed successfully in clinical trials. In conclusion, the observations clearly suggest that SAA may have possible therapeutic potential against human breast cancer-derived diseases specifically against ER-positive breast cancer.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76256956","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of plant growth regulators on fatty acid composition of Simarouba glauca DC.","authors":"S. Manasi, V. W. Ahilya, C. Narayankar, D. Gaikwad","doi":"10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6521","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2021.V12.6521","url":null,"abstract":"Simarouba glauca is a medicinally important oil yielding plant. It is a rainfed wasteland evergreen edible oil tree. Presowing soaked seeds of Simarouba glauca in various Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) are analyzed to estimate their fatty acid composition. The fatty acids extraction was done using petroleum ether and fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were analyzed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID). Due to the application of growth regulators stearic acid, lingoceric acid and linolenic acid enhances noticeably, while, total saturated fatty acids are augmented due to cysteine, Salicylic Acid (SA) and methionine treatments and monosaturated fatty acids elevated due to the application of 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids enhanced in response to Gibberellic Acid(GA) and Chlormequat chloride (CCC). The PGR induced changes in fatty acid composition predominantly in polyunsaturated fatty acids may certainly recover the oil quality of S. glauca seeds.","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86862695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A review on the unexplored and underutilized Arenga species in India","authors":"A. Pillai, Riyas Ct, K. Sabu","doi":"10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6252","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25081/CB.2020.V11.6252","url":null,"abstract":"The family Arecaceace, also known as Palmae, includes six subfamilies, about 200 genera, and the species count ranges from 2500-2700 [1]. Their geographic distribution between 44° North and 44° South indicates that they mostly prefer tropical ecosystems [2]. The highest palm diversity is reported to be in Asia and the Pacific islands with 1385 species, followed by north and south America with about 1,147 species. Globally palms are utilized for various products, including its seed oil, leaves for thatching houses, and cigarette wrappers; the fruits of some palms are edible, and some of them are known for their sap exudates. The medicinal uses of a few palms have been known to the tribal communities in different parts of the world. Coconut palm (Cocos nucifera), sugar palm (Arenga pinnata), nipa palm (Nypa fruticans), kitul palm (Caryota urens), palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer), date palm (Phoenix dactylifera), wild date palm (Phoenix sylvestris) oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and raffia palms (Raphia spp.) reported being the sugar-yielding palms in Asia and Africa (Dalibard,1999) [3]. Genus Arenga includes several palm species native to Southeast Asia, southern China, New Guinea, and northern Australia. [4,5]. The palms range from small to medium in size, growing to 2–20 m tall, with pinnate leaves 2–12 m long [6].","PeriodicalId":10828,"journal":{"name":"Current Botany","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78221056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}