Coral Reefs最新文献

{"title":"Long-term outcomes of passive and active restoration approaches following a vessel grounding in Hawaii, USA","authors":"John T. Morris, Brittany Huntington, Courtney Couch, Shannon Ruseborn","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02529-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02529-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>In February 2010, the cargo vessel <i>M/V Vogetrader</i> ran aground on a forereef in Oahu, Hawaii. Baseline surveys documented considerable damage to coral communities. Several restoration actions were implemented in 2013, including active restoration (rubble removal, coral outplanting) and passive restoration (natural recovery), with the goal of returning corals to their pre-disturbance state. In 2022, repeated surveys were conducted across three injury zones that varied in the severity of impact and the restoration actions employed to provide a rare assessment of restoration outcomes a decade post-grounding. We found coral recovery to be contingent on the severity of impact and the quality of the impacted habitat, not the amount of active restoration. Despite rubble removal efforts, present-day rubble cover was significantly higher at the impact sites compared to the reference sites and appeared to constrain recovery in the injury zone where grounding impacts destabilized the reef framework. Outplant efforts did not increase coral density or mean size relative to natural recovery sites, though this may be the result of an ineffective outplant design rather than failed outplanting as a whole. The sites closest to returning to a pre-disturbance state were the passive restoration sites. This, however, likely reflects the low severity of grounding impacts and the marginal (e.g., small and sparse) population of corals at these sites. These findings suggest that the extent of active restoration actions should be carefully and intentionally scaled to the severity and spatial extent of impact (with greater impacted areas receiving greater amounts of restoration), and that with sufficient time, marginal reef habitats with a low impact severity can likely recover from passive restoration alone.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141936751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spatial distribution, management zoning and depth effects on reef biodiversity and productivity at the largest Brazilian coastal marine protected area","authors":"Pedro Henrique Cipresso Pereira, Gislaine Vanessa de Lima, Erandy Gomes da Silva, Antonio Vitor de Farias Pontes, Luís Guilherme França Côrtes, Cláudio L. S. Sampaio, Taciana Kramer Pinto, Marius da Silva Pinto Belluci, Andrei Tiego Cunha Cardoso, Iran Campello Normande","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02536-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02536-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The spatial distribution of coral reef biodiversity is regulated by a series of natural variables and human-induced factors such as depth, habitat availability, spatial variation, and management policies. However, spatial distribution patterns and management zoning strategy outcomes of coral reefs biodiversity are still scarce in several areas, such as Southwestern Atlantic Ocean Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). It has been previously demonstrated that better management strategies worldwide could be supported by better species distribution data. In the present study, a total of 94 reefs spatially distributed around the MPA Costa dos Corais (Northeastern Brazil) under different zoning strategies and ranging from 1 to 30 m depth were sampled. Our study is the first one to characterize biodiversity spatial distribution of the largest Brazilian coastal MPA Costa dos Corais biodiversity and the importance of management zoning as a major coral reef conservation strategy in Brazil. Highest coral cover (48.33%) and coral richness (6.31 species/20 m) have been recorded for North of Alagoas (NAL), and highest fish abundance (75.22 individuals/100 m²), richness (11.45 species/100 m²) and biomass (395.60 g/100 m²) were recorded for South of Alagoas (SAL). Yet, only fish richness and biomass were significantly different compared with other regions. Compared to other management zones, no-take zones had the highest coral cover and richness, and fish abundance, richness and biomass. Additionally, our findings have shown that depth positively influences fish and negatively influences coral biodiversity. Hence, management and zoning strategies have influenced the structure of coral reef communities with a series of different ecological effects highlighting the importance of those strategies for Southwestern Atlantic Ocean MPAs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141881448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Diverse and ecologically unique mesophotic coral ecosystems in the central Indian Ocean","authors":"C. Diaz, K. L. Howell, P. Hosegood, A. Bolton, N. L. Foster","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02535-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02535-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Research on Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs; 30–150 m) has grown exponentially in the last few decades, highlighting their rich diversity and extensive distribution. However, they are still largely underexplored compared to shallow-water coral reefs and frequently remain under-protected and under-represented in marine spatial planning. One reason for the imbalance between the high ecological value of MCEs and the limited levels of protection may be that baseline data on MCEs are largely missing to date, yet are crucial to provide evidence-based information for management actions. Here, we present data on the alpha and beta diversity of the benthic communities within MCEs in the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean. Using imagery collected from Remotely Operated Vehicle surveys, benthic invertebrate megafauna were surveyed along the entire depth gradient from shallow to lower mesophotic depths (15–160 m). The diversity of the benthic communities decreased with increasing depth, from shallow water to the lower mesophotic zone. Nevertheless, the deepest parts of MCEs in the Archipelago displayed higher species richness values than several other shallow subtropical regions. In addition, the benthic communities showed high dissimilarity along the depth gradient, indicating that the key driver of community composition change with depth is species turnover (species replacement), revealing the uniqueness of MCEs. This study presents novel findings on MCEs in the central Indian Ocean, demonstrating that they host a high and unique benthic diversity, and highlighting the need to protect these ecosystems to preserve the overall biodiversity of coral reefs.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141863779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Local conditions modulated the effects of marine heatwaves on coral bleaching in subtropical Hong Kong waters","authors":"Tzu Hao Chung, Walter Dellisanti, Keng Po Lai, Jiajun Wu, Jian-Wen Qiu, Leo Lai Chan","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02533-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02533-5","url":null,"abstract":"<p>A mass coral bleaching event occurred in the summer of 2022 in subtropical Hong Kong, driven by two marine heatwaves (MHWs) with high intensities of 1.56 and 0.86 °C above a mean climate condition, both MHWs 7 days with a short gap of 4 days during the strong La Niña year. A transect survey was conducted at nine study sites in three regions, which revealed widespread coral bleaching with bleached coral cover ranging from 2.4 to 70.3%. In situ environmental data revealed the presence of a thermocline and halocline. Local conditions, including depth and wave exposure, significantly influenced the bleaching response. Shallow-water (2–4 m) corals were primarily affected, particularly in sheltered and moderately sheltered sites that exhibited higher levels of bleached coral cover (42.97 ± 15.4% and 44.93 ± 29.4%, respectively) compared to the exposed sites (31.8 ± 5.2%). Bleaching in deep waters (4–6 m) was minimal, with only a few colonies of <i>Goniopora</i> at two of the three sheltered sites exhibiting bleaching (1.7 ± 1.5%). Heat stress resistance differed between coral genera. Recovery rate for four common coral genera is low for <i>Acropora tumida</i>. Additionally, a minor hypoxia event was found to cause mortality of non-coral benthos at a sheltered site (Sharp Island). These findings highlight the alarming impact of extreme heatwaves on subtropical coral communities and underscore the importance of monitoring coral bleaching.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"69 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141779248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DNA, databases and diet: a case study on the parrotfish Scarus rivulatus","authors":"Aimee L. van der Reis, Kendall D. Clements","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02527-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02527-3","url":null,"abstract":"<p>DNA metabarcoding is increasingly used in dietary studies, but this molecular technique has limitations including DNA extraction, primer choice suitability and completeness of DNA reference databases. Together, these limitations can create successive biases; some of which can be identified by careful data interrogation. Here, we examine some of the influential factors impacting DNA metabarcoding by focusing on the diet of the grazing coral reef parrotfish <i>Scarus rivulatus</i> (Labridae). The 16S V3-4 and 18S V4 gene regions were targeted to detect a wide range of taxa in the pharyngeal content, but genus-level amplicon sequence variant (ASV) assignments were ≤ 40%. Multiple universal 18S V4 primer sets, which amplified the same portion of the gene region, highlighted disparities that impacted resulting datasets and dietary data interpretation. Approximately 50% of ASVs overlapped among these 18S V4 datasets. Overall, our results show that protein-rich epilithic and endolithic microscopic photoautotrophs were consistently present and that <i>S. rivulatus</i> appears to rely on protein-rich taxa, especially dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. Even if all qualitative limitations could be addressed, our data emphasise the difficulty of making straightforward quantitative conclusions about the diet composition of grazing fishes using DNA metabarcoding alone. Thus, until DNA metabarcoding reaches a state of maturity where quantitative data can be gained, additional support is required from other dietary analysis methods to provide robust interpretations and conclusions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"40 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The lunar cycle does not influence catch rates or foraging success of neonatal reef sharks in an amphidromic nursery system","authors":"Shamil F. Debaere, Ornella C. Weideli, Ian A. Bouyoucos, Serge Planes, Gudrun De Boeck, Jodie L. Rummer","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02534-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02534-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elasmobranch (i.e. sharks, skates, and rays) behaviours have been found to align with moon phases; yet, it is not fully understood how the moon influences elasmobranchs’ foraging habits. In coastal ecosystems, tidal changes are typically seen as the primary influence on the behavioural rhythms of fishes, which are linked to the lunar cycle. Sharks have been documented to synchronise behaviours, such as foraging patterns, with the phases of the moon, but studies have yet to clearly separate and identify the mechanisms by which the lunar phase affects these patterns. The island of Moorea, French Polynesia, serves as a nursery habitat for neonatal blacktip reef and sicklefin lemon sharks within the South Pacific amphidromic system, which experiences minimal tidal ranges (~ 0.2 m). This setting provides a unique opportunity to isolate the lunar cycle’s effects from tidal influences. We compared catch rates of neonates of both shark species and foraging success, through stomach content analysis, of blacktip reef sharks across the lunar cycle. Our findings did not support the hypothesis of lunar-induced entrainment of foraging patterns for these neonatal reef sharks. However, understanding the environmental factors that shape the behavioural patterns and foraging strategies of neonatal reef sharks is becoming increasingly important against the backdrop of human disturbances.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141744195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Long sediment-laden algal turf likely impairs coral recovery on Florida’s coral reefs","authors":"A. Duran, K. E. Speare, C. Fuchs, T. C. Adam, L. Palma, M. W. Miller, L. Collado-Vides, A. R. Harborne, D. E. Burkepile","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02532-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02532-6","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coral reefs in the Florida Reef Tract have seen protracted loss of coral over the past several decades due to a variety of disturbances from marine heat waves, cold snaps, and disease events. Corals have not recovered despite abundant herbivorous fishes and relatively low macroalgal cover, two factors thought to facilitate resilience of corals. Thus, factors affecting the replenishment of coral populations may be hindering the recovery of corals. To study the potential factors affecting coral recovery in reefs of the Florida Reef Tract, we assessed benthic abiotic variables (substrate slope, depth, structural complexity, and abundance of sediment), fish assemblages, and benthic composition in three different reef habitats (groove, spur wall, spur top) located on three low-relief reefs and three high-relief spur-and-groove reefs. Herbivorous fish biomass ranged (44.7–107 g m⁻²), which is above average for the Caribbean. Yet there was low coral cover (~ 1%) and low density (~ 1 coral m²) of small adult corals, which likely reflects the cumulative effects of years of disturbances. The presence and density of juvenile corals were negatively correlated with the depth of the sediment layer trapped within long, sediment-laden algal turfs (LSAT), which are particularly abundant (&gt; 50% cover) in low complexity reef habitats (low-relief groove, low-relief spur top, and high-relief groove). Our results indicate that current unsuitable habitat conditions (high sediment load) for early life stage corals may be an important factor preventing coral recovery. Consequently, the abundance of herbivorous fishes and coral cover trajectories appear decoupled in the region, and additional management initiatives considering LSAT composition are required to aid reef resilience.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"44 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141611426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Susceptibility of Acropora tenuis to consecutive thermal stress","authors":"Sanaz Hazraty-Kari, Parviz Tavakoli-Kolour, Takashi Nakamura, Masaya Morita","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02530-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02530-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Elevated temperatures cause mass coral bleaching, leading to reef degradation. The frequency of bleaching events is increasing, and severe bleaching events have been predicted to occur annually in the next few decades. However, the ability of corals to acclimate and adapt to these unprecedented stresses remains unknown. In this study, we investigated how three years of consecutive thermal stress affect the adult fragments of the coral <i>Acropora tenuis</i>. The fragments were exposed to temperature treatments of ~ 28 °C (control) and ~ 31 °C (heat stress) until they began to bleach. We measured the survival rate, maximum quantum yield of photosystem II (<i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i>) of the symbiotic algae, and algal density of the fragments. The survival rate of the fragments under thermal stress decreased over the three-year period, reaching 20% by the end. Additionally, we observed a decrease in <i>Fv</i>/<i>Fm</i> and a reduction in algal density in the stressed fragments compared to those in the control fragments during all three years of the thermal stress period. These findings collectively suggested that consecutive bleaching-level thermal stress increases the susceptibility of corals to heat.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inorganic and organic nutrients in tropical–subtropical Western Pacific coral reef waters","authors":"Huei-Ting Lin, Vianney Denis, Chih-Chiang Hsieh, Chieh-Jhen Chen, Wanchien Victoria Hsiao, Pei-Ling Wang, Chih-Chieh Su, Yan-Ning Kuo","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02522-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02522-8","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Coral reef ecosystems host diversified and highly productive communities, but corals are degrading in many places worldwide. Picking suitable locations to maximize coral conservation and restoration efforts is critical. From a mass balance point of view, the supply of new nutrients is crucial to support a productive and reef-building coral ecosystem. Quantifying and qualifying available nutrients provide information to set region-specific thresholds for anthropogenic pollution monitoring and to generate research hypotheses. Here, we report the inorganic and organic nutrient levels from twenty-three sampling sites in coral reefs and coastal waters covering regions from high to low coral coverage, including two remote islands, Dongsha Atoll and Taiping Island, in the South China Sea. Some of the surveyed reefs received external inorganic nutrient supply via upwelling or submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), suggesting sites potential for new production (i.e., reef-building). Production or removal of organic matter at various sites is evidenced by their elevated or depleted organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations, respectively. The degree of impact by the upwelling and SGD on various inorganic and organic nutrient distribution varies. Among all sites, organic nitrogen accounts for most of the total nitrogen and is potentially a significant nitrogen source for the environment. The highly correlated total organic nitrogen (TON) concentrations and their C-to-N ratios (C/N_-TON) suggest the production of TON with low C/N_-TON and preferential removal of N during remineralization processes, leaving “leftover” TON with high C/N ratios. Furthermore, we found that high coral diversity and coverage sites are featured in low organic matter with high C/N, while macroalgae-dominating sites had elevated organic matter. The new data are valuable to generate hypotheses for future research to test, for example, whether sites with low organic matter are more suitable for restoring reef-building corals than sites with high organic matter.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141569815","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Symbiont community dynamics in the turbid reef specialist, Turbinaria reniformis, along a latitudinal and environmental gradient in Western Australia","authors":"Adi Zweifler, Richard D. Evans, Nicola K. Browne, Luke Thomas","doi":"10.1007/s00338-024-02528-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-024-02528-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Thermal stress triggers the breakdown of the obligate symbiosis between the cnidarian coral host and its autotrophic dinoflagellates of the family Symbiodiniaceae. This diverse family exhibits pronounced functional variation that has large implications for the survival of their coral host. In this study, we explored patterns of symbiont community composition and diversity in the coral <i>Turbinaria reniformis</i>, a turbid reef specialist, along a latitudinal and environmental gradient in Western Australia. Using metabarcoding of the internal transcribed spacer region 2, we explored symbiont community patterns, their environmental drivers, and potential associations with host genetic structure. Our findings reveal a predominance of <i>Cladocopium</i> across our study area, with distinct regional composition influenced primarily by sea surface temperature. Geographical distance and host genetic data did not align with symbiont community divergence, suggesting a complex interplay of environmental and genetic factors t shaping the community structure. This study underscores <i>Cladocopium</i> stability in Western Australia across large distances and strong environmental gradients. It also highlights the highly diversified lineage community that may explain <i>T. reniformis</i> ability to thrive in a wide range of environmental conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10821,"journal":{"name":"Coral Reefs","volume":"134 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.5,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141509844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}