Current Medical Science最新文献

{"title":"LncRNA H19 Activates the RAS-MAPK Signaling Pathway via miR-140-5p/SOS1 Axis in Malignant Liver Tumors.","authors":"Ya-Qun Yu, Shu-Qun Li, Jun Weng, Bo Li, Li-Ling Qin, Jun Lv","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2949-0","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2949-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To study the influences of LncRNA H19 (H19) on malignant liver tumor cells and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>H19 expression in liver tumor tissues, matched normal liver tissues, human liver malignant tumor cell lines and the human hepatocyte line LO2 was assessed via quantitative RT-PCR. Cell viability analysis and Matrigel invasion analysis were performed to evaluate the effects of H19 on cell proliferation and invasion. Luciferase reporter analysis was carried out to assess the interaction between miR-140-5p and SOS Ras/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 1 (SOS1). The influence of H19 on the Ras-MAPK signalling pathway was evaluated by detecting key protein levels via active Ras pull-down analysis and Western blot analysis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>H19 expression was lower in liver cancer samples than in matched normal liver tissue samples. H19 overexpression enhanced the proliferation and invasion of HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. H19 overexpression increased the level of activated Ras. The expression levels of phosphorylated Raf, phosphorylated ERK and phosphorylated MEK were increased by H19 overexpression. H19 knockdown had the opposite effect. Treatment with a MAPK inhibitor significantly reversed the influence of H19 overexpression on liver malignant tumor cell growth and invasion. The MAPK activator reversed the opposing effects of H19 silencing. H19 overexpression increased the protein level of SOS1, and miR-140-5p directly targeted SOS1.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>H19 can activate the Ras-MAPK signalling pathway via the miR-140-5p/SOS1 axis in malignant liver tumour cells.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1232-1240"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142675225","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Novel Method for Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Detection in Heart Tissue Following Ischemia-reperfusion in Mice.","authors":"Chao Yin, Chen-Xing Huang, Le Pan, Ke-Jia Jin, Ying Wang, Meng-Ying Cao, Hong Lin, Pan Gao, Na Li, Hui Gong, Yun-Zeng Zou","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2956-1","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2956-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is associated with a significant reduction in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP, ΔΨm). Fluorescence-based assays are effective for labelling active mitochondria in living cells; their application in heart tissue, however, represents a challenge because of a low yield of viable cardiomyocytes after cardiac perfusion. This study aimed to examine a novel method for detecting the changes in the MMP of mouse heart tissue following I/R injury.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The I/R model was established, which was characterized by distinct ischemic area and apoptosis in heart tissue. The MMP was detected via a confocal microscope after the ascending aorta was clamped and the mitochondrial probe solution (containing Mito-Tracker Deep Red FM) was perfused from the apex via a peristaltic pump.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This method enabled the distribution of the probe solution throughout the cardiac tissue via the coronary circulation. Fluorescence detection revealed that the MMP was profoundly reduced in both ischemic area and border area following I/R when compared with that in the sham group. There was no obvious difference in the MMP of the remote area between the I/R group and the sham group.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>This study presents a novel method for detecting the MMP in heart tissue, and this method will facilitate the evaluation of changes in the MMP in different regions following I/R.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1091-1096"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cell Cycle-Related LncRNA-Based Prognostic Model for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Integrating Immune Microenvironment and Treatment Response.","authors":"Lin Chen, Guo-Zhi Wu, Tao Wu, Hao-Hu Shang, Wei-Juan Wang, David Fisher, Nguyen Thi Thu Hiens, Erkin Musabaev, Lei Zhao","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2924-9","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2924-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents substantial genetic and phenotypic diversity, making it challenging to predict patient outcomes. There is a clear need for novel biomarkers to better identify high-risk individuals. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to play key roles in cell cycle regulation and genomic stability, and their dysregulation has been closely linked to HCC progression. Developing a prognostic model based on cell cycle-related lncRNAs could open up new possibilities for immunotherapy in HCC patients.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Transcriptomic data and clinical samples were obtained from the TCGA-HCC dataset. Cell cycle-related gene sets were sourced from existing studies, and coexpression analysis identified relevant lncRNAs (correlation coefficient >0.4, P<0.001). Univariate analysis identified prognostic lncRNAs, which were then used in a LASSO regression model to create a risk score. This model was validated via cross-validation. HCC samples were classified on the basis of their risk scores. Correlations between the risk score and tumor mutational burden (TMB), tumor immune infiltration, immune checkpoint gene expression, and immunotherapy response were evaluated via R packages and various methods (TIMER, CIBERSORT, CIBERSORT-ABS, QUANTISEQ, MCP-COUNTER, XCELL, and EPIC).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Four cell cycle-related lncRNAs (AC009549.1, AC090018.2, PKD1P6-NPIPP1, and TMCC1-AS1) were significantly upregulated in HCC. These lncRNAs were used to create a risk score (risk score=0.492×AC009549.1+1.390×AC090018.2+1.622×PKD1P6-NPIPP1+0.858×TMCC1-AS1). This risk score had superior predictive value compared to traditional clinical factors (AUC=0.738). A nomogram was developed to illustrate the 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (OS) rates for individual HCC patients. Significant differences in TMB, immune response, immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint gene expression, and drug responsiveness were observed between the high-risk and low-risk groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The risk score model we developed enhances the prognostication of HCC patients by identifying those at high risk for poor outcomes. This model could lead to new immunotherapy strategies for HCC patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1217-1231"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142834559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Trends in Bacterial Distribution and Antimicrobial Resistance in Intensive Care Units of Hubei Province, China: A Four-year Surveillance Study (2020-2023).","authors":"Sui Gao, Cui Jian","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2959-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2959-y","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To investigate the distribution characteristics of common bacteria and changes in antimicrobial resistance in intensive care unit (ICU) patients in 58 hospitals in Hubei Province from 2020-2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Method: &lt;/strong&gt;The antimicrobial agents for antimicrobial susceptibility tests was selected based on the 2022 China Antimicrobial Resistance surveillance system (CARSS) technical scheme, and the specific experimental operation was based on the requirements of the CLSI M02 and M07 documents. The commercial instruments were used following the manufacturer's instructions. The interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility test results was based on the 2023 CLSI M100 standard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;There were 15 585, 19 258, 23 423 and 22 395 clinical isolates in the ICU from 2020 to 2023, respectively. Among them, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 20.5% (3190/15 585), 21.2% (4089/19 258), 21.6% (5067/23 423) and 21.6% (4 831/22 395), respectively. Gram-negative bacteria accounted for 79.5% (12 395/15 585), 78.8% (15 169/19 258), 78.4% (18 356/23 423) and 78.4% (17 564/22 395) of the bacteria, respectively. The top 5 isolates of gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negative bacteria were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophil, respectively, but the proportions and rankings of the isolates in different years slightly differed. The detection rate of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) decreased from 44.4% in 2020 to 36% in 2023, and that of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (MRCNS) decreased from 79.8% in 2020 to 73.8% in 2022 and increased to 78.4% in 2023. The detection rates of both vancomycin-resistant E. faecium and E. faecalis were lower than 1%. The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa (CRPA) decreased from 25% in 2020 to 19.7% in 2022 and increased slightly to 20.6% in 2023. The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii (CRAB) decreased from 81.9% in 2020 to 79.7% in 2022 and increased to 82.9% in 2023. The detection rate of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant E. coli decreased from 59.8% in 2020 to 53.1% in 2022 and increased to 52.5% in 2023. The detection rate of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli decreased from 62.7% in 2020 to 50.2% in 2022 and increased slightly to 51.0% in 2023. The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant E. coli (CRECO) decreased from 3.3% in 2020 to 1.8% in 2022 and slightly increased to 2.1% in 2023. The detection rate of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant K. pneumoniae decreased from 34.3% in 2020 to 26.3% in 2022 and then increased to 32.4% in 2023. The detection rate of carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKPN) increased from 17.9% to 19.4% in 2020, decreased to 13.2% in 2022, and rose sharply to 20.4% in 2","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1193-1201"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142766594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causal Link between Gut Microbiota and Infertility: A Two-sample Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study.","authors":"Jia-Xin Zhang, Qin-Lan Li, Xiao-Yan Wang, Cheng-Chang Zhang, Shu-Ting Chen, Xiao-Hang Liu, Xin-Yi Dong, Hu Zhao, Dong-Hui Huang","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2931-x","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2931-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate the associations of the gut microbiota with reproductive system diseases, including female infertility, male infertility, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), primary ovarian failure, endometriosis, uterine fibroids, uterine polyps, sexual dysfunction, orchitis, and epididymitis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed to evaluate the potential causal relationship between the composition of gut microbiota and infertility, along with associated diseases.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Sixteen strong causal associations between gut microbes and reproductive system diseases were identified. Sixty-one causal associations between gut microbes and reproductive system diseases were determined. The genus Eubacterium hallii was a protective factor against premature ovarian failure and a pathogenic factor of endometriosis. The genus Erysipelatoclostridium was the pathogenic factor of many diseases, such as PCOS, endometriosis, epididymitis, and orchitis. The genus Intestinibacter is a pathogenic factor of male infertility and sexual dysfunction. The family Clostridiaceae 1 was a protective factor against uterine polyps and a pathogenic factor of orchitis and epididymitis. The results of reverse causal association analysis revealed that endometriosis, orchitis, and epididymitis all led to a decrease in the abundance of bifidobacteria and that female infertility-related diseases had a greater impact on gut microbes than male infertility-related diseases did.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The findings from the MR analysis indicate that there is a bidirectional causal relationship between the gut microbiota and infertility as well as associated ailments. Compared with ovarian diseases, uterine diseases are more likely to lead to changes in women's gut microbiota. The findings of this research offer valuable perspectives on the mechanism and clinical investigation of reproductive system diseases caused by microorganisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1312-1324"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142647417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jianpi Huoxue Decoction Ameliorates Alcohol-associated Liver Disease by Improving Intestinal Barrier Function in Rats.","authors":"Xin Wang, Dong-Sheng Yao, Lin Xu, Dong-Ming Yan, Yu Zhao, Jing-Hua Peng, Qi-Lin Fu, Yi-Yang Hu, Qin Feng","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2955-2","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2955-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Jianpi huoxue decoction (JHD), a Chinese herbal formula, is commonly used for treating alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which JHD affects intestinal barrier function in ALD rats.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, model group and JHD group. They were pair-fed a modified Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet containing alcohol (model group, n=10; JHD group, n=10) or isocaloric maltose dextrin (control group, n=10) for 6 weeks. After 3 weeks of feeding, the mice in the JHD group were given JHD (10 mL/kg/day) by gavage for 3 weeks, and those in the control and model groups received equal amounts of double-distilled water for the same period of time. Afterwards, all the rats were given lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by gavage and sacrificed 3.5 h later. LPS levels were measured in the portal blood to evaluate gut leakage. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe ultrastructural changes in the intestinal tract. Adherens junction (AJ) and tight junction (TJ) proteins were detected by Western blotting, immunofluorescence or immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>JHD ameliorated Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet-induced hepatic steatosis, inflammation and LPS expression. It improved pathological changes in the liver and alleviated intestinal ultrastructure injury. Moreover, it significantly enhanced the integrity of tight junctions by increasing the expression of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. It suppressed the activation of myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>JHD improves intestinal barrier function and reduces gut leakiness in ALD rats.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1241-1248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142767047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of Continuous Erector Spinae Plane Block on Postoperative Recovery in Patients Undergoing Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.","authors":"Lin Jin, Ying Yu, Peng Miao, Yi-Hao Huang, Shu-Qing Yu, Ke-Fang Guo","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2593-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2593-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To investigate whether continuous erector spinae plane block (ESPB) improves the quality of recovery (QoR) and decreases postoperative acute and chronic pain in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This was a single-center, double-blind, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 120 patients were randomized to groups at a 1:1 ratio. They received general anaesthesia and an ESP catheter (ropivacaine or normal saline) before surgery, and received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia with sufentanil and continuous ESPB with a pulse injection of 8 mL (ropivacaine or normal saline) per h after 20 mL of the experimental drug was administered at the end of surgery. The primary outcome was the 15-item quality of recovery scale (QoR-15) score at 24 h after surgery. The secondary outcomes included the severity of pain, sufentanil consumption, incidence of rescue analgesia, and proportion of patients with chronic pain.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The QoR-15 score was greater in the ESPB group than in the control group at 24 h after surgery [112 (108-118) vs. 109 (101-114), P=0.023]. ESPB was associated with a lower cough visual analogue scale (VAS) score (44 vs. 47, P=0.001), resting VAS score (28 vs. 35.5, P=0.003), sufentanil consumption (104.8 µg vs. 145.5 µg, P=0.000), and incidence of rescue analgesia (20.0% vs. 43.3%, P=0.006).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Continuous ESPB mildly improved the QoR-15 score in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery and reduced postoperative pain scores, opioid consumption, and the incidence of rescue analgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1103-1112"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142823976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retrospective Analysis of Radiofrequency Ablation in Patients with Small Solitary Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Survival Outcomes and Development of a Machine Learning Prognostic Model.","authors":"Qi-Fan He, Yue Xiong, Yi-Hui Yu, Xiang-Chao Meng, Tian-Xu Ma, Zhong-Hua Chen","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2900-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2900-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and objective: </strong>The effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in improving long-term survival outcomes for patients with a solitary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) measuring 5 cm or less remains uncertain. This study was designed to elucidate the impact of RFA therapy on the survival outcomes of these patients and to construct a prognostic model for patients following RFA.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This study was performed using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2004 to 2017, focusing on patients diagnosed with a solitary HCC lesion ≤5 cm in size. We compared the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) rates of these patients with those of patients who received hepatectomy, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy or who were part of a blank control group. To enhance the reliability of our findings, we employed stabilized inverse probability treatment weighting (sIPTW) and stratified analyses. Additionally, we conducted a Cox regression analysis to identify prognostic factors. XGBoost models were developed to predict 1-, 3-, and 5-year CSS. The XGBoost models were evaluated via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, calibration plots, decision curve analysis (DCA) curves and so on.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Regardless of whether the data were unadjusted or adjusted for the use of sIPTWs, the 5-year OS (46.7%) and CSS (58.9%) rates were greater in the RFA group than in the radiotherapy (27.1%/35.8%), chemotherapy (32.9%/43.7%), and blank control (18.6%/30.7%) groups, but these rates were lower than those in the hepatectomy group (69.4%/78.9%). Stratified analysis based on age and cirrhosis status revealed that RFA and hepatectomy yielded similar OS and CSS outcomes for patients with cirrhosis aged over 65 years. Age, race, marital status, grade, cirrhosis status, tumor size, and AFP level were selected to construct the XGBoost models based on the training cohort. The areas under the curve (AUCs) for 1, 3, and 5 years in the validation cohort were 0.88, 0.81, and 0.79, respectively. Calibration plots further demonstrated the consistency between the predicted and actual values in both the training and validation cohorts.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RFA can improve the survival of patients diagnosed with a solitary HCC lesion ≤5 cm. In certain clinical scenarios, RFA achieves survival outcomes comparable to those of hepatectomy. The XGBoost models developed in this study performed admirably in predicting the CSS of patients with solitary HCC tumors smaller than 5 cm following RFA.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1006-1017"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142343170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing Orthopedic Knowledge Assessments: The Performance of Specialized Generative Language Model Optimization.","authors":"Hong Zhou, Hong-Lin Wang, Yu-Yu Duan, Zi-Neng Yan, Rui Luo, Xiang-Xin Lv, Yi Xie, Jia-Yao Zhang, Jia-Ming Yang, Ming-di Xue, Ying Fang, Lin Lu, Peng-Ran Liu, Zhe-Wei Ye","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2929-4","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2929-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of knowledge base-optimized and unoptimized large language models (LLMs) in the field of orthopedics to explore optimization strategies for the application of LLMs in specific fields.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This research constructed a specialized knowledge base using clinical guidelines from the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) and authoritative orthopedic publications. A total of 30 orthopedic-related questions covering aspects such as anatomical knowledge, disease diagnosis, fracture classification, treatment options, and surgical techniques were input into both the knowledge base-optimized and unoptimized versions of the GPT-4, ChatGLM, and Spark LLM, with their generated responses recorded. The overall quality, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of these responses were evaluated by 3 experienced orthopedic surgeons.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Compared with their unoptimized LLMs, the optimized version of GPT-4 showed improvements of 15.3% in overall quality, 12.5% in accuracy, and 12.8% in comprehensiveness; ChatGLM showed improvements of 24.8%, 16.1%, and 19.6%, respectively; and Spark LLM showed improvements of 6.5%, 14.5%, and 24.7%, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The optimization of knowledge bases significantly enhances the quality, accuracy, and comprehensiveness of the responses provided by the 3 models in the orthopedic field. Therefore, knowledge base optimization is an effective method for improving the performance of LLMs in specific fields.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"1001-1005"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142377762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Michael Acceptor Pyrrolidone Derivatives and Their Activity against Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma.","authors":"Bi-Qiong Zhang, Feng-Qing Wang, Jie Yin, Xiao-Tan Yu, Zheng-Xi Hu, Liang-Hu Gu, Qing-Yi Tong, Yong-Hui Zhang","doi":"10.1007/s11596-024-2922-y","DOIUrl":"10.1007/s11596-024-2922-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to design and evaluate the efficacy of pyrrolidone derivatives as potential therapeutic agents against diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), a common and heterogeneous malignancy of the adult lymphohematopoietic system. Given the limitations of current therapies, there is a pressing need to develop new and effective drugs for DLBCL treatment.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A series of pyrrolidone derivatives were synthesized, and their antitumor activities were assessed, particularly against DLBCL cell lines. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis was conducted to identify key structural components essential for activity. The most promising compound, referred to as compound 7, was selected for further mechanistic studies. The expression levels of relevant mRNA and protein were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blotting, and the expression of mitochondrial membrane potential and ROS was detected using flow cytometry for further assessment of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The compound 7 exhibited good antitumor activity among the synthesized derivatives, specifically in DLBCL cell lines. SAR analysis highlighted the critical role of α, β-unsaturated ketones in the antitumor efficacy of these compounds. Mechanistically, compound 7 was found to induce significant DNA damage, trigger an inflammatory response, cause mitochondrial dysfunction, and disrupt cell cycle progression, ultimately leading to apoptosis of DLBCL cells.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The compound 7 has good antitumor activity and can induce multiple cellular mechanisms leading to cancer cell death. These findings warrant further investigation of the compound 7 as a potential therapeutic agent for DLBCL.</p>","PeriodicalId":10820,"journal":{"name":"Current Medical Science","volume":" ","pages":"890-901"},"PeriodicalIF":2.0,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142281673","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}