Coronaviruses最新文献

{"title":"COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness on the Severity of Disease: A\u0000Case-control Study in Southeastern Iran","authors":"Mohsen Mohammadi, Abdolali Golpayegani, Fatemeh Doost Mohammadi, Fatemeh Majidpour, Mostafa Dianati-Nasab, Abdolreza Bahrami, Elahe Hesari, Maryam Dargahpour, Parisa Jalali","doi":"10.2174/0126667975312941240718111040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975312941240718111040","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Considering the importance of the effectiveness of vaccination in terms of\u0000reducing the severity of COVID-19 and mortality, knowledge of the effect of the vaccine on the severity of COVID-19 in communities is essential. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate\u0000the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on the severity of COVID-19 in southeastern Iran (Bam region).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A case-control study of a total of 2,082 adults aged >18 years was conducted to evaluate\u0000the association between hospitalization due to COVID-19 and previous vaccination with existing\u0000vaccines (including Sinopharm, AstraZeneca, and CovIran Barkat) in the country. Multinomial logistic regression was used, and relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were\u0000calculated\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000After controlling for potential confounders, multinomial logistic regression revealed that\u0000COVID-19 vaccination reduced the likelihood of hospitalization for males and females in temporary\u0000wards (RRmen=0.22 vs. RRwomen=0.34), general wards (RRmen=0.25 vs RRwomen=0.31), and\u0000intensive care units (RRmen=0.47 vs RRwomen=0.77) (p < 0.001). The relative risk of hospitalization in all wards decreased for men and women who received Sinopharm or AstraZeneca and for\u0000women who received the Barkat vaccine, but only a significant difference was detected in the reduction in patients who received the Sinopharm vaccine (p < 0.001).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The results showed that vaccination is related to reducing the severity of the disease in\u0000the hospital. Therefore, efforts to increase the vaccinated population can reduce the severity of\u0000COVID-19 and might reduce the need for intensive care in hospitals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"82 23","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141817316","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Analysis of Motivating and Hindering Factors","authors":"Mohammad Khedmati Bazkiaei, Majid Nouri, M. H. K. Galougahi, Ali Mosaddeghkhah, Mohammad Darvishi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975301729240711060008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975301729240711060008","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Influenza, caused by subtypes A and B of the influenza virus, can\u0000lead to mild or severe illness and cause secondary infections. High-risk groups include pregnant\u0000women, the elderly, and young children. Vaccination is the most effective prevention method. This\u0000research aims to evaluate influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare providers during the\u0000COVID-19 pandemic and analyze factors influencing vaccination rates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, a random sample of 440 healthcare providers was selected. Data collection\u0000involved a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-designed questionnaire focusing on influenza\u0000knowledge, reasons for not getting vaccinated, and motivations for vaccine uptake. The questionnaire\u0000included 21 items on hindering factors and 6 on motivating factors. Statistical analysis was\u0000conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the reliability of the measurement tool was\u0000assessed using Cronbach's alpha.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this study, 42% of healthcare providers received the influenza vaccine during the\u0000COVID-19 pandemic, while 58% did not. Prior to the pandemic, only 30.9% had received the vaccine,\u0000compared to 69.1% who had not. Among those not vaccinated during COVID-19, the mean\u0000score for inhibitory factors was significantly higher at 46.9, versus 41.47 for those who were vaccinated.\u0000Vaccination rates varied significantly with age: 41.3% of those under 30 were vaccinated,\u000034.9% of those aged 30-40, and 54.5% of those over 40. Additionally, 78.9% of the participants were\u0000infected with COVID-19 during the study period.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The research findings indicate low influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare\u0000providers and the need for further education to increase staff awareness about the importance of vaccination,\u0000change individuals' perceptions of their susceptibility to influenza, and emphasize the effectiveness\u0000of the vaccine in preventing the disease.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 38","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141824591","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Novel Coronavirus: An Overview of the History, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management of the Pandemic COVID-19 Catastrophe, with Special Emphasis on Herbal Treatment Alternatives","authors":"Shikha srivastava, Arun KS Parihar, Manju Rawat Singh, Deependra Singh, Nagendra Singh Chauhan, Debapriya Garabadu, K. Yadav","doi":"10.2174/0126667975308765240710080655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975308765240710080655","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The crisis of COVID-19 pandemic, has shaken up the whole world with its power of\u0000transmission and unknown treatment strategy. A disease that starts with fever, cold, and cough leads\u0000to extreme fatigue, loss in breathing capacity, alveolar damage, and eventual death. The disease\u0000forced human beings to stay at home to protect humankind. Due to the serious nature of this COVID-\u000019 pandemic, humankind was forced to understand the plausible cause and methods to reduce the\u0000spread and find out the best possible therapeutic regimen. Thus, the present review provided new\u0000insight into the history, symptoms, pathogenesis, diagnosis, clinical research, and follow-up treatment\u0000strategies of COVID-19. Further, In order to deal with such a pandemic situation, we have even\u0000introduced a novel concept of natural therapy based on medicinal plants for repurposing it as potential\u0000as a therapeutic warrior against COVID-19.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141825934","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Epitope Against Omicron Variant of SARS-CoV-2:\u0000In Silico Vaccine Design Approach","authors":"Manpreet Kaur, Gobind Ram","doi":"10.2174/0126667975298936240705064458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975298936240705064458","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, resulted in a global pandemic, and\u0000there were millions of confirmed cases and deaths worldwide. The vaccines were developed and\u0000distributed to help control the spread of the virus. The numbers and information related to the\u0000COVID-19 pandemic have likely evolved. Therefore, rapid immunological epitope identification\u0000would be a useful screening technique for vaccine candidates.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of this study is to anticipate the protective epitopes for vaccine development\u0000using bioinformatics methods and resources\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The SARS-CoV-2 genome and protein sequences were retrieved. Furthermore, using\u0000the ABCpred server, sequential B-cell epitope analysis was carried out. The Ellipro algorithm was\u0000used to forecast discontinuous B-cell epitopes. Moreover, by utilising the NetCTL server, a sequential\u0000T-cell epitope analysis was carried out. Furthermore, the 3D structure of the peptide was created\u0000using the PEP-FOLD3 server, and the 3D structure of the HLA molecule was identified using the\u0000homology modelling tool. The molecular docking was performed by AutoDock Vina.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000There were 20 B-cell epitopes altogether, of which 11 are highly antigenic. After assessing\u0000the antigenicity and toxicity of each resultant epitope, it was determined that the epitope\u0000SVLYNLAPFFTFKCYG is highly antigenic. Then, out of the 6 T-cell epitopes we had found,\u0000\"RSYSFRPTY\" was chosen as the epitope most suited for further research. Consequently, 72.42% of\u0000the population is covered overall. The structure that was generated was refined and energyminimized.\u0000RSYSFRPTY's binding affinity to the groove of HLA-B*15:01 was determined by docking\u0000study to be -7.5 kcal/mol. PyMOL's visualisation of the docking result for predicting binding\u0000sites.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The final B-cell and T-cell epitopes are “SVLYNLAPFFTFKCYG” and\u0000“RSYSFRPTY” in terms of antigenicity score and nonallergenic and nontoxic qualities. An in Silico\u0000study indicated that our hypothesised T cell epitope “RSYSFRPTY” had a greater affinity for binding\u0000with its receptor, which might elicit an immune response against the omicron variant.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Spectrum of Long COVID Symptoms and Management Approaches in\u0000Europe and Latin America","authors":"Esteban Zavaleta‐Monestel, Sebastián Arguedas-Chacón, Ricardo Quesada-Villaseñor, Jonathan García-Montero, Jeimy Campos-Hernández, Francesco Ferrara, Giacomo Polito, A. Zovi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975311456240708070459","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975311456240708070459","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Long COVID is a syndrome with common symptoms such as dyspnea, fatigue, cognitive\u0000dysfunction, chest pain, and other conditions that have a major impact on affected patients. These are\u0000some of the risk factors of fluctuating or relapsing states that occur in patients with a history of\u0000SARS-CoV-2 infection of at least 2 months. This study addressed the challenges faced by healthcare\u0000professionals in defining and managing this condition, which manifests with diverse and inconsistent\u0000symptoms that last more than three months after infection. A systematic review of the literature over\u0000the period 2020-2023 has been conducted to focus on the evolution of the long COVID phenomenon\u0000worldwide. The study aimed to describe the spectrum of symptoms associated with Long COVID by\u0000comparing management approaches in European and Latin American countries. Disparities in research, guidelines, and treatment strategies between these regions have been identified, posing challenges for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment in Latin America. It is crucial to propose further\u0000studies and research on the mechanistic understanding of the symptoms of long COVID and the development of targeted treatments. Eventually, it is critical to address the wide disparities in long\u0000COVID research and treatment between Europe and Latin America to ensure equitable access to\u0000information and health care for people affected, considering both physical and mental health aspects.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141833203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Update on the Association of COVID-19 and Neuropsychiatric Disorders","authors":"Pranay Wal, Poorvi Grover, Princi Sahapuriya, Rahul Shivajirao Solunke, Namra Aziz","doi":"10.2174/0126667975281808240702062456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975281808240702062456","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown have sparked global terror and apprehension.\u0000This phenomenon has led to short-term as well as long-term psychosocial and mental health implications\u0000for all. This paper aims at reviewing the prevalence, pathophysiology and treatment of various\u0000neuropsychiatric disorders in the pandemic era. We conducted a review and collected articles before\u0000and during the COVID-19 pandemic and presented a comparative study of the prevalence of neuropsychiatric\u0000disorders before COVID-19 and during COVID-19 pandemic. We selected articles and\u0000thematically organized them. Prevalence, pathophysiology, and treatment techniques were studied.\u0000We can conclude that the time has come to ensure that the special opportunities presented by this\u0000pandemic can translate advocacy to resourcing, ensuring that actionable outputs are delivered for\u0000better mental health services. This is necessary given the ground level as well as grassroots support\u0000for increased funding for mental health services as well as the apparent desire across all sectors for\u0000improved service provision. Longitudinal investigations are required for the assessment of long-lived\u0000psychological disorders of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings need comprehensive evaluation\u0000and rehabilitation post-COVID-19 to promote quality of life.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":"119 30","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Compliance Among Healthcare Workers on Hydroxychloroquine Prophylaxis in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital during COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Tirthankar Deb, Astha Singh, Ankita Beniwal, N. Rani","doi":"10.2174/0126667975300190240627073800","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975300190240627073800","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), under the Ministry of\u0000Health and Family Welfare, recommended chemoprophylaxis with Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) for\u0000asymptomatic healthcare workers treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 disease\u0000during the initial period of the pandemic. Compliance remains a major determining factor behind the\u0000success of any Community prophylaxis program.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study aimed to assess the extent of compliance with the Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ)\u0000prophylaxis schedule as per ICMR guidelines among healthcare workers and to find out the factors\u0000associated with compliance.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Informed consent was obtained from the study participants, and a questionnaire on parameters\u0000and associated factors affecting compliance were filled out by every study participant upon\u0000completion of their HCQ prophylaxis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A total of 160 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority of the staff enrolled was\u0000the nursing staff (34%). 66% of the total participants were involved in the care of the suspected or\u0000confirmed case of COVID-19. The major source of information about HCQ prophylaxis for COVID-\u000019 infection among all the participants was from the Institutional circular (56%). 10% of healthcare\u0000workers believed that HCQ could give them 100% prevention against COVID-19 infection. 56% of\u0000the enrolled healthcare workers consumed the medicine on the same day of collection throughout the\u0000schedule. 24% of enrolled healthcare workers completed the full course as per ICMR guidelines. The\u0000most motivating factor for compliance was the presence of cases of COVID-19 in the hospital. The\u0000most common factor for lack of compliance among enrolled healthcare workers was cited to be no\u0000contact with COVID-19-positive patients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In our study, 24% of healthcare workers enrolled for HCQ prophylaxis completed the\u0000full course of the prescribed regimen as per ICMR guidelines. The main reason for the lack of compliance\u0000was the absence of direct contact with COVID-19-positive patients, followed by fear of\u0000ADRs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 33","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Characteristics and Clinical Symptoms of Inpatients and\u0000Outpatients with COVID-19","authors":"Narges Nargesi Khoramabad, Rasool Mohammadi, Zahra Sedighifar, Ali Safdar Siavashi","doi":"10.2174/0126667975301350240627094313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975301350240627094313","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Nowadays, one of the best ways to manage COVID-19 is to understand the\u0000characteristics of patients and the risk factors associated with the disease.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This study aimed to investigate and compare the characteristics, symptoms, and prognosis\u0000of inpatients and outpatients with COVID-19 in Poledokhtar city\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In this descriptive-analytical study, 288 patients who tested positive for COVID-19\u0000through PCR tests at COVID-19 screening centers and Imam Khomeini Hospital in Poledakhtar city\u0000were selected using the census method. They were divided into inpatient and outpatient groups. Data\u0000from patient files were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 25 software.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study revealed significant differences in age, comorbidities, prior infection, and aspirin\u0000use between the inpatient and outpatient groups. Cough was the most common symptom among all\u0000patients, with weakness and fatigue being more common in inpatients and cough being more prevalent\u0000in outpatients. The overall mortality rate was 5.2%, with inpatients having a worse prognosis\u0000compared to outpatients.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the present study, inpatients were found to be older, have more underlying health\u0000conditions, fewer prior infections, and experience a poorer prognosis than outpatients. Given that\u0000patients may be asymptomatic or have mild symptoms upon admission, evaluating other patient factors\u0000is crucial in assessing disease severity.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141675449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Comparative Study to Assess Post-COVID Fatigue and its Functional\u0000Limitations","authors":"Maria M. Ali, Asma Arman, Sahar Zuberi, Shahameen Aqeel, Shahjabeen","doi":"10.2174/0126667975301718240625111222","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975301718240625111222","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000This work aimed to study the difference in the level of fatigue perception between\u0000cases and controls, who did not have COVID-19. This study sought to establish the impact of\u0000severity of infection with fatigue scores on the quality of life.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This observational case-control study, recruiting 165 participants, both males and females,\u0000from Fazaia Ruth Pfau Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan, started from August 2022 to October\u00002023 after obtaining their consent. A total of 65 COVID-positive with 21.5% hospitalized and 78.5%\u0000non-hospitalized subjects were included. Post-COVID fatigue among the participants was compared\u0000using the validated Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Chalder Fatigue Scale (CFQ-11), and WHOQOL\u0000scale.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Participants in all groups reported fatigue on the Fatigue Severity Scale with Covid-positive\u0000(38.25 ±12.15) and Covid-negative (33.75±11.28) rate, with a significant p-value (0.031). According\u0000to CFQ, no significant difference (p=0.91) was found between fatigue scores of Covid positive and\u0000negative. However, a significant (p=0. 016) difference was observed between Covid-positive hospitalized\u0000(4.37±0.33) and non-hospitalized (1.98 ±0.22) subjects. QOL scores in different domains,\u0000including QOL General Health (7.18±1.54), physical (20.38±3.51), psychological (46.33±7.05), and\u0000social (9.98±1.94), were all significant (p=0.00) when compared between Covid positives and negatives.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The study revealed that post-covid survivors experienced fatigue, which imposed limitations\u0000on different aspects of life, which was different from the fatigue of non-affected individuals.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 29","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 and Digestive Diseases: A Comprehensive Review on\u0000Pathophysiology and Clinical Management","authors":"N. E. Ibrahim, Fatma Mohamed Hassan","doi":"10.2174/0126667975293524240625115448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0126667975293524240625115448","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000A serious pandemic has been presented by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus\u00002 (SARS-CoV-2), a coronavirus that causes the severe acute respiratory infection known\u0000as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It has become a major health hazard that affects people all\u0000around the world. Although the respiratory symptoms are the main manifestations of COVID-19,\u0000several extrapulmonary manifestations have been observed, including cardiovascular, renal, and\u0000gastrointestinal symptoms. The digestive system may be an additional or non-traditional pathway for\u0000COVID-19 to spread and manifest as Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2), the entry point of\u0000SARS-CoV-2 into the cells is present in the gastrointestinal tract and liver. Gastrointestinal symptoms,\u0000such as vomiting, anorexia, nausea, and diarrhea, are infrequent in COVID-19 patients; however,\u0000some of these symptoms may manifest independently of other respiratory symptoms. Also,\u0000SARS-CoV-2 virus can cause liver and pancreatic damage. Studying the pathogenic mechanisms of\u0000COVID-19 in the digestive system could aid in improving patient diagnosis and treatment. The review\u0000aims to provide an overview of the mechanisms, symptoms, and management of SARS-CoV-\u00002's effects on the digestive system. Hence, medical professionals would be aware of the digestive\u0000symptoms associated with COVID-19 and would promptly alter treatment regimens for patients exhibiting\u0000abnormal hepatic and gastrointestinal manifestations.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10815,"journal":{"name":"Coronaviruses","volume":" 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141673637","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}