Evaluation of Influenza Vaccination Coverage Among Healthcare Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Analysis of Motivating and Hindering Factors

Abstract

Influenza, caused by subtypes A and B of the influenza virus, can lead to mild or severe illness and cause secondary infections. High-risk groups include pregnant women, the elderly, and young children. Vaccination is the most effective prevention method. This research aims to evaluate influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare providers during the COVID-19 pandemic and analyze factors influencing vaccination rates. In this study, a random sample of 440 healthcare providers was selected. Data collection involved a demographic questionnaire and a researcher-designed questionnaire focusing on influenza knowledge, reasons for not getting vaccinated, and motivations for vaccine uptake. The questionnaire included 21 items on hindering factors and 6 on motivating factors. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient, and the reliability of the measurement tool was assessed using Cronbach's alpha. In this study, 42% of healthcare providers received the influenza vaccine during the COVID-19 pandemic, while 58% did not. Prior to the pandemic, only 30.9% had received the vaccine, compared to 69.1% who had not. Among those not vaccinated during COVID-19, the mean score for inhibitory factors was significantly higher at 46.9, versus 41.47 for those who were vaccinated. Vaccination rates varied significantly with age: 41.3% of those under 30 were vaccinated, 34.9% of those aged 30-40, and 54.5% of those over 40. Additionally, 78.9% of the participants were infected with COVID-19 during the study period. The research findings indicate low influenza vaccination coverage among healthcare providers and the need for further education to increase staff awareness about the importance of vaccination, change individuals' perceptions of their susceptibility to influenza, and emphasize the effectiveness of the vaccine in preventing the disease.