Cryogenics最新文献_第2页

Cryogenic mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of AISI stainless 316L steel cooled by liquid nitrogen

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104058

Jimin Xu , Longgui He , Shuo Cheng , Xiaoliang Fang

{"title":"Cryogenic mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of AISI stainless 316L steel cooled by liquid nitrogen","authors":"Jimin Xu , Longgui He , Shuo Cheng , Xiaoliang Fang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104058","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104058","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The use of stainless steel instead of traditional aerospace-grade aluminum alloys and carbon fiber-reinforced polymers is promising to further reduce the launch cost of reusable rockets. In this study, the mechanical properties and tribological behaviors of AISI 316L stainless steel under cryogenic conditions were comprehensively investigated through experiments. Liquid nitrogen was employed to cool the samples and simulate the cryogenic fluid environment inside rockets for safety considerations. Tests of Rockwell hardness, tensile strength, dynamic toughness, falling-ball impact fatigue behaviors, and tribological behaviors under both room-temperature and cryogenic conditions were performed using commercial and self-developed devices. Compared with the test results at room temperature, 316L samples cooled by liquid nitrogen reveled higher hardness, greater tensile strength, enhanced impact fatigue resistance, and improved wear resistance. The improved performance of 316L under cryogenic conditions is beneficial for the application in liquid rocket. However, cryogenic dynamic toughness and impact fatigue tests demonstrates a reduction in the plasticity of 316L cooled by liquid nitrogen, which should be taken into consideration in engineering to avoid sudden failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104058"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143629246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Quasi-3D thermal–hydraulic analysis of the cool-down for CFETR CSMC

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-14 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104060

Xiaohui Guan , Jinggang Qin , Huajun Liu , Fang Liu , Qiangwang Hao , Shuai Gao , Tiange Chen , Libiao Hu , Liang Guo

{"title":"Quasi-3D thermal–hydraulic analysis of the cool-down for CFETR CSMC","authors":"Xiaohui Guan , Jinggang Qin , Huajun Liu , Fang Liu , Qiangwang Hao , Shuai Gao , Tiange Chen , Libiao Hu , Liang Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104060","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104060","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The cool-down of large Cable-in-Conduit Conductor (CICC) superconducting magnets presents significant complexity, necessitating careful management to ensure operational safety. This study proposes a quasi-three-dimensional thermal–hydraulic analysis model, developed using COMSOL Multiphysics, specifically designed for large CICC superconducting magnets. The model facilitates an in-depth analysis of the 300 K-80 K cool-down for the Central Solenoid Model Coil (CSMC) of China Fusion Engineering Test Reactor (CFETR). The proposed numerical model is capable of successfully constraining the maximum temperature difference among the various components of the magnet while providing an accurate depiction of the temperature distribution throughout the cool-down. Furthermore, it incorporates the inter-turn heat transfer within the coils. This article discusses improvement suggestions for the cool-down of the CSMC and presents the results after these enhancements. This study also investigates the effects of varying inlet pressures and maximum temperature differences on the cool-down of the magnet. The results offer valuable theoretical insights for future cool-down experiments, thereby helping to mitigate the risk of damage to the magnet due to inappropriate cool-down parameters.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104060"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143682357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cryogenic radiative cooling of a large payload for gravitational wave detector: Design and results of the E-TEST project

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-13 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104057

Lionel Jacques , Morgane Zeoli , Anthony Amorosi , Alessandro Bertolini , Christophe Collette , Robin Cornelissen , Chiara Di Fronzo , Serge Habraken , Joris V. van Heijningen , Gino Hoft , Robert Joppe , Tim J. Kuhlbusch , Mouhamad Haidar Lakkis , Bao Long Levan , Cédric Lenaerts , Jérôme Loicq , Benoit Marquet , Enrico Porcelli , Ameer Sider , Matteo Tacca

{"title":"Cryogenic radiative cooling of a large payload for gravitational wave detector: Design and results of the E-TEST project","authors":"Lionel Jacques , Morgane Zeoli , Anthony Amorosi , Alessandro Bertolini , Christophe Collette , Robin Cornelissen , Chiara Di Fronzo , Serge Habraken , Joris V. van Heijningen , Gino Hoft , Robert Joppe , Tim J. Kuhlbusch , Mouhamad Haidar Lakkis , Bao Long Levan , Cédric Lenaerts , Jérôme Loicq , Benoit Marquet , Enrico Porcelli , Ameer Sider , Matteo Tacca","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104057","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104057","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Third-generation gravitational wave detectors will use large mirrors isolated from seismic motion at low frequency, and also cooled down to cryogenic temperatures. To fulfil these two specifications, the E-TEST project explores the possibility of using a purely non-contact radiative cooling strategy. Based on cooling predictions, the paper includes a detailed design of the cryostat and the assembly procedure. A test campaign demonstrated that the proposed strategy succeeded in bringing the temperature of a <figure><img></figure> dummy mirror down to <figure><img></figure> in 19 days. These encouraging results are paving the way toward a fully radiative approach for cooling the mirrors of the future Einstein Telescope.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104057"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143644108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A reverse design method for cryocooler regenerator based on artificial neural network

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104053

Shanshan Li, Xiantong Chen, Hao Chen, Ziyang Wang

{"title":"A reverse design method for cryocooler regenerator based on artificial neural network","authors":"Shanshan Li, Xiantong Chen, Hao Chen, Ziyang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104053","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104053","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In conventional cryocooler regenerator design, researchers typically employ specialized software to traverse numerous parameter combinations to assess performance, comparing the results against predetermined requirements to determine the optimal structural dimensions and operating parameters. However, this approach suffers from low research and development efficiency, and the optimal solution may not be included in the tested cases. To address these issues, this study proposes a novel reverse design methodology that directly calculates the regenerator structural dimensions and operating parameters based on predefined target performance. The method centers around the deep learning artificial neural network (ANN) model as its core, effectively addressing the challenge of setting input and output parameters during the model’s learning process using the performance dataset obtained through forward calculation of the regenerator. Additionally, a wide-range and multi-step input parameter adjustment mechanism is incorporated, thereby ensuring the method’s adaptability and practical applicability. The optimized ANN model demonstrates promising results, with an average relative error of 2.36% for regenerator length prediction, 4.79% for cold end mass flow prediction, and 4.73% for coefficient of performance (COP) prediction. Extensive model accuracy assessments confirm the model’s predictive capabilities across various intervals of the predicted variables. By utilizing the rapid computational speed of deep learning models and their proficiency in parallel processing, the method proposed in this study dramatically shortens the regenerator design time to mere seconds, thereby introducing a pioneering approach for rapid and precise regenerator design.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"148 ","pages":"Article 104053"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143683743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Engineering the cryogenic magnetocaloric effect of Tm2O3 by oxygen vacancies

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-11 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104056

Shengshi Zheng , Naikun Sun , Quanhui Zhang , Kang Zhao , Qin Dai , Xinguo Zhao , Juan Cheng , Jiaohong Huang

{"title":"Engineering the cryogenic magnetocaloric effect of Tm2O3 by oxygen vacancies","authors":"Shengshi Zheng , Naikun Sun , Quanhui Zhang , Kang Zhao , Qin Dai , Xinguo Zhao , Juan Cheng , Jiaohong Huang","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104056","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104056","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Defect engineering is an effective means to improve the electronic structure and physicochemical properties of materials. In this work, the cryogenic magnetocaloric effect (MCE) of commercial Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was significantly improved by the introduction of oxygen vacancy (OV) defects. A series of monocrystalline Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders (cubic structure, <em>Ia</em> <span><math><mover><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></math></span> space group) with high-level OV content was obtained by ball-milling (BM) the commercial counterpart for 3–12 h. Of these samples, the 9 h-ball milled Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sample (Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-9) has the highest ratio value of oxygen atoms near OV (O<sub>near OV</sub>) of 15.79 % and largest effective magnetic moment (<em>μ</em><sub>eff</sub>) of Tm<sup>3+</sup> ion of 6.8 μ<sub>B</sub> compared with the corresponding values of 8.06 % and 6.32 μ<sub>B</sub> for the commercial Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Consistently, Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-9 has the best MCE performance with the maximal magnetic-entropy change (Δ<em>S</em><sub>M</sub>) and the refrigerant capacity (<em>RC</em>) of 7.0 J⋅kg<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−1</sup> and 96.8 J⋅kg<sup>−1</sup> in 0–5 T, respectively as compared to 4.2J⋅kg<sup>−1</sup>⋅K<sup>−1</sup> and 66.9 J⋅kg<sup>−1</sup> for the commercial Tm<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Further increasing the BM time to 12h, the OV content almost remains unchanged, accompanied by a minor reduction of Δ<em>S</em><sub>M</sub> and <em>RC</em> due to the decrease of grain size. This work provides a novel approach for enhancing the MCE of rare earth-based oxides.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104056"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143609733","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Study of extrinsic magnetic properties of Mn-Mg-Zn ferrite nanoparticles at liquid nitrogen temperature

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104055

S.A.V. Prasad , Ch. Srinivas , R. Jeevan Kumar , E. Ranjith Kumar , Sher Singh Meena , Pramod Bhatt , Debashish Sarkar , D.L. Sastry

{"title":"Study of extrinsic magnetic properties of Mn-Mg-Zn ferrite nanoparticles at liquid nitrogen temperature","authors":"S.A.V. Prasad , Ch. Srinivas , R. Jeevan Kumar , E. Ranjith Kumar , Sher Singh Meena , Pramod Bhatt , Debashish Sarkar , D.L. Sastry","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104055","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104055","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Magnetic behaviour of Mn<em><sub>x</sub></em>Mg<sub>0.8–</sub><em><sub>x</sub></em>Zn<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (0 ≤ <em>x</em> ≤ 0.7 at a step of 0.1) nano ferrites has been explored. From the XRD patterns, the secondary phase of <em>α</em>-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> is clearly evident in the ferrite compositions for <em>x</em> ≥ 0.4. The oxygen positional parameter (<em>U</em>) is in the range 0.387 – 0.389 and it is greater than the ideal value of 0.375. The bond angles provided an overview about the insight of magnetic behaviour of present series of ferrite samples. The M-H loops indicate the soft magnetic behaviour of present ferrite systems. For the ferrite composition <em>x</em> = 0.5, the highest value for saturation magnetization (<em>M<sub>s</sub></em>) of 35 and 42 emu/g has been reported at 300 and 80 K. The smaller values of remnant magnetization (<em>M<sub>r</sub></em>) and coercivity (<em>H<sub>c</sub></em>) indicate that the ferrite nanoparticles are single domain structure possessing core–shell morphology. For all values of <em>M<sub>s</sub></em> and <em>M<sub>r</sub></em> at 300 K and 80 K, the ratio of <em>M<sub>r</sub></em>/<em>M<sub>s</sub></em> is less than 0.5 indicating that the ferrite nanoparticles are under strong inter particle interactions. The magnetization-temperature (M-T) graphs revealed that blocking temperature (<em>T<sub>B</sub></em>) is above and nearer to 300 K. The magnetocrystalline anisotropy is a probable factor for the changes in the blocking temperature. The results are interpreted in terms of Y-K interactions, core–shell interactions, secondary phases and magnetocrystalline anisotropy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104055"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143631695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Numerical and experimental study of transport AC losses in Bi-2223 stacked conductors

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-03-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104054

Jiwei Liu , Yunpeng Zhu , Jing Jiang , Xinsheng Yang , Rui Shen , Lijun Cai , Fanggong Cai , Yong Zhao

{"title":"Numerical and experimental study of transport AC losses in Bi-2223 stacked conductors","authors":"Jiwei Liu , Yunpeng Zhu , Jing Jiang , Xinsheng Yang , Rui Shen , Lijun Cai , Fanggong Cai , Yong Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104054","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104054","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this paper, a 2D multi-physics electromagnetic-thermal coupling model of Bi-2223 stacked conductors was developed, which combined the <strong><em>H</em></strong>-formulation and heat-conduction module. Using the finite element method (FEM), the transport alternating current (AC) losses in Bi-2223 stacked conductors with five different stacking cases were simulated and analyzed to optimize the stacking structure of the conductors, while ensuring a fixed number of Bi-2223 tapes and copper tapes in the stacked conductors. According to the optimized simulation results, three stacked structures with lower transport AC losses were selected and fabricated into three samples of 500 mm in length. The AC losses with transport current were experimentally measured in three different intervals over the length direction of each sample and at three AC frequencies (30 Hz, 45 Hz, and 60 Hz) by electrical measurement method. By comparing numerical simulation results, experimental measurement data and the AC losses computed with Norris analytical formulation, the 2D multi-physics electromagnetic-thermal coupling model developed in this paper was verified for calculating the transport AC losses of Bi-2223 stacked conductors and optimizing the arrangement of the stacked conductors.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104054"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143577444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Influence of cryogenic temperatures on DC surface flashover characteristics of BNNS-based epoxy nanocomposites 低温对基于 BNNS 的环氧纳米复合材料直流表面闪蒸特性的影响

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104051

Di Jiang , Zhen Geng , Zhicong Miao , Rongjin Huang , Laifeng Li , Yuan Zhou

{"title":"Influence of cryogenic temperatures on DC surface flashover characteristics of BNNS-based epoxy nanocomposites","authors":"Di Jiang , Zhen Geng , Zhicong Miao , Rongjin Huang , Laifeng Li , Yuan Zhou","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104051","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104051","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Epoxy resin (EP) is widely used in cryogenic and high-temperature superconductivity related fields for its excellent low-temperature mechanical properties. However, the strong electric field can cause flashing along the surface of EP, which further leads to the destruction of the construction. Herein, to improve the reliability of the insulation structure at cryogenic temperatures, the Boron Nitride Nanosheets (BNNS) Based Epoxy Nanocomposites with improved electrical insulation properties have been prepared. The changes in surface flashover characteristics at 10 temperatures from 10 K to 299 K were detailed studied. Meanwhile, the trap distribution characteristics of composite materials were studied, and the mechanism of BNNS on the surface flashover of composites was analyzed. The results show that the addition of BNNS has a negative effect on improving surface flashover strength at 10 K, and the BNNS content of 1 wt% to 3 wt% BNNS can achieve higher flashover strength of composites at other temperatures. Moreover, unlike pure epoxy resin, the flashover strength of the composites increases first and then decreases with the temperature decrease, which has a maximum point.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104051"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143528782","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

An improved thermal analysis method for vapor-cooled current leads considering convective heat transfer efficiency

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-02-28 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104052

Yingjie Tong, Ying Xu, Wenze Si, Dazhi Li, Yunshu Zhou, Li Ren, Jin Shi

{"title":"An improved thermal analysis method for vapor-cooled current leads considering convective heat transfer efficiency","authors":"Yingjie Tong, Ying Xu, Wenze Si, Dazhi Li, Yunshu Zhou, Li Ren, Jin Shi","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104052","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104052","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>As an important part of superconducting devices, the heat leakage of current leads directly affects the overall heat load of the cryogenic system. Therefore, the design of low heat leakage current leads is one of the most important issues in system design of superconducting devices. Vapor-cooled current leads (VCCL) are widely used in various superconducting devices because they have lower heat leakage compared with conduction-cooled current leads, and smaller consumption of cooling gas and higher economy compared with gas-cooled current leads. In this paper, an improved thermal analysis method for solving the heat leakage, temperature distribution and heat transfer efficiency of VCCL is proposed, which has a great advantage in terms of time-consumption and convergence while guaranteeing accuracy in comparison to conventional finite element method. Firstly, based on the heat balance equation of VCCL, the relationship of the heat transfer efficiency and convective heat transfer coefficient between VCCL and cooling gas is clarified. Subsequently, the formula to calculate the heat transfer efficiency of VCCL is derived according to heat transfer and fluid dynamics. Then, a thermal analysis method for VCCL based on iterative algorithm is put forward. Finally, the feasibility of the thermal analysis method is verified by finite element model based on COMSOL, which has been proved to be correct by experimental results in existing literature. The results indicate that for several VCCLs with typical structures, the calculation differences of heat leakage between the thermal analysis method proposed in this paper and COMSOL are all within 5 % and the calculation differences of temperature distribution are all within 10 K. However, in terms of time-consumption and convergence, the thermal analysis method proposed in this paper has a significant advantage, especially for VCCLs with complex structures.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104052"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Modelling the thermal buffer behavior of JT-60SA in case of pulsed heat loads

IF 1.8 3区工程技术

Cryogenics Pub Date : 2025-02-27 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104050

M. Parody-Guzmán , F. Bonne , N. Richermoz , L. Zani

{"title":"Modelling the thermal buffer behavior of JT-60SA in case of pulsed heat loads","authors":"M. Parody-Guzmán , F. Bonne , N. Richermoz , L. Zani","doi":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104050","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.cryogenics.2025.104050","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>JT-60SA is a joint international fusion experiment built and operated by Japan and Europe in the framework of the Broader Approach agreement. Integrated commissioning held in 2021 and 2023 provided valuable experimental data, particularly a data set depicting the reaction of the cryogenic system to a Toroidal Field (TF) coil fast safety discharge (FSD). When a TF FSD occurs, the actual protocol imposes at high currents a disconnection of the TFC hydraulic circuit from the cryoplant and releases the heated and pressurized helium in a quench tank to avoid overpressure in the refrigerator and the magnet system. To shorten the time for cryoplant recovery, disconnection should be avoided in the absence of tripping risk for the whole cryoplant. In this regard, Simcryogenics modelling tool was used to represent the cryodistribution and simulate TF FSD and explore the possibility to avoid disconnecting the cryoplant after any TF FSD. One of the driving factors in the decision is the pressure rise observed in the buffer bath of the refrigerator during a FSD, preventing the Warm Compression Station (WCS) from being overloaded, otherwise inducing a severe tripping of the cryogenic system. In this paper, we present a model that reproduces the experimental signals of the buffer bath during and after controlled FSDs from 15, 18 and 20 kA and it also extrapolates for the nominal current of 25.7 kA. We conducted several parametric studies to explore the impact of some drivers of bath pressure rise: the increasing rate of the pressure setpoint and a mitigation of contributors to the total WCS mass flowrate. We show here some analysis and interpretations of the resulting trends obtained in the study and further conclude with a proposal path to manage the cryomagnet system during a nominal TF FSD avoiding disconnection.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10812,"journal":{"name":"Cryogenics","volume":"147 ","pages":"Article 104050"},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2025-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143548482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0