Current drug targets最新文献

{"title":"Crossing Boundaries: A Review of the Diverse Functions of Heterocyclic Compounds in the Management of Cancer and Infectious Diseases.","authors":"Pranay Wal, Ankita Wal, Talha Jawaid, Paramita Ganguly, Binit Patel, Pankaj Nainwal, Mohd Qasid Lari, Ajay Kumar, Dileep Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0113894501372336250703114127","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501372336250703114127","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction/objective: </strong>Heterocyclic molecules, a mainstay of contemporary medicinal chemistry, are essential in developing antibacterial and anticancer treatments. Their distinct structural features-one or more heteroatoms within the ring-allow for a wide range of biological activities. With a focus on their modes of action and insights into the structure-activity relationship (SAR), this study examines the therapeutic uses of heterocyclic compounds in antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer treatments.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The review uses search engines like PubMed and Google Scholar, with a preference for English as the major language, to gather and analyse recent research on the antibacterial and anticancer applications of diverse heterocyclic compounds.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>It has been discovered that heterocyclic chemicals are useful in blocking microbial enzymes, including DNA gyrase and the machinery involved in protein synthesis. Heterocyclic compounds such as benzimidazoles, quinolines, and acridines have demonstrated noteworthy efficacy in cancer therapy through their targeting of tubulin inhibition, DNA intercalation, and signalling pathways like PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MAPK. The pharmacological characteristics of these compounds were improved by the addition of electron-withdrawing groups, halogenation, and heteroatom replacements, according to SAR investigations.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Heterocyclic compounds have great promise for antibacterial and anticancer treatments. They are crucial in drug development because of their structural flexibility, which enables the targeted suppression of vital biological processes. The effectiveness of heterocyclic compounds will continue to be improved by ongoing advancements in drug design and SAR optimization, opening new possibilities for the creation of more potent and selective medicinal treatments.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144607745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GSTP1, PRDX2 and NFE2L2: Potential Markers for Primary Stage Breast Cancer.","authors":"Syeda Abiha Zehra Jaffari, Fatima Haider, Nida Syed, Amber Ilyas, Farha Idrees, Alex von Kriegsheim, Roopesh Krishnankutty, Syeda Nuzhat Nawab, Zehra Hashim","doi":"10.2174/0113894501393175250627013915","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501393175250627013915","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Breast cancer incidence and mortality have continued to rise over the past few decades. Despite advancements made in clinical research, the most imperative feature of breast cancer management is the diagnosis at the earliest stages. The current focus of the study is to identify and quantify differentially expressed oxidative stress-related proteins as putative early- stage markers for breast cancer.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Normal and cancerous breast tissue samples (n = 40) were collected after approval from the institutional bioethics committee (IBC) with patient consent. A label-free proteomic approach was used to quantify oxidative stress-related proteins. Gene expression of GSTP1, PRDX2, HSP90, NFE2L2, and miR-365a was quantified using RT-qPCR in all samples. Protein expression of PRDX2 and GSTP1 was further analyzed using immunohistochemistry.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The protein and gene expression of PRDX2, GSTP1, and HSP90 were significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in cancerous samples as compared to normal. However, gene and protein expression of the transcription factor NFE2L2 was significantly downregulated (p < 0.05) in diseased samples. OncomiR-365a was also significantly upregulated (p < 0.05) in cancerous samples. Immunohistochemical analysis also confirmed the upregulated expression of GSTP1 and PRDX2 in cancer tissues.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>Our study provides insight into the significant role of GSTP1, PRDX2, and NFE2L2 in the pathophysiology of the disease as early-stage breast cancer markers. It is suggested that altered expression of these key proteins could play a protective role in reducing the damage.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>It can be concluded that GSTP1, PRDX2, and NFE2L2 may serve as predictive early- stage markers for diagnosis and potential therapeutic targets for breast cancer.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Matrix Metalloproteinase-9: A Key Diagnostic Biomarker in Cancer Progression.","authors":"Arpita Srivastava, Jatin Gupta, Shivani Singhal, Hardeep Tulli, Neetu Mishra, Neha Atale, Buddhi Prakash Jain, Christophe Grosset, Bhawna Saxena, Vibha Rani","doi":"10.2174/0113894501371763250628092643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501371763250628092643","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Matrix metalloproteinase-9, also known as MMP-9, gelatinase B, or 92 kDa type IV collagenase, is an enzyme that belongs to the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. It is involved in the remodeling of the extracellular matrix in various physiological and pathological processes. MMPs are expressed in low, tightly regulated concentrations; their overexpression or dysregulation can lead to diseases, including cancer. MMP-9 is increasingly recognized as a significant drug target in cancer therapy due to its involvement in tumorigenesis, including processes like cell migration, angiogenesis, and pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic activities. Despite MMP-9's significance as a cancer target, developing effective inhibitors remains challenging due to MMP structural similarities. Utilizing MMP-9 as a cancer biomarker could advance cancer diagnosis, prognosis, disease monitoring, recurrence prediction, and other procedures. Biosensors are emerging as pivotal tools in cancer diagnosis and treatment, leveraging their ability to detect specific biomarkers associated with various cancers. Recent advancements have led to the development of both cleavage-based and non-cleavage-based biosensors that enable rapid and sensitive analysis at clinically relevant concentrations of biomarkers while allowing specificity and low detection limits, enhancing point-of-care diagnostics. The cleavage-based biosensors leverage the enzymatic activity of MMP-9, utilizing substrates that are specifically cleaved by MMP-9, while the non-cleavage- based biosensors employ affinity methods, such as antibodies and aptamers for detection. The present review aims to evaluate the role of MMP-9 as a significant biomarker in cancer and its detection through innovative biosensor technologies, while exploring its involvement in various cancer- related processes. This review discusses the significance of MMP-9 in cancer progression, highlighting clinical trials that assess MMP-9 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents to halt metastatic spread. Furthermore, MMP-9 is detected via biosensors, and insights into the translational potential of MMP-9 both as a biomarker for early cancer detection and a viable target for therapeutic intervention are provided, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RMNet: An RNA m6A Cross-species Methylation Detection Method for Nanopore Sequencing.","authors":"Qingwen Li, Chen Sun, Daqian Wang, Jizhong Lou","doi":"10.2174/0113894501405283250627072052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501405283250627072052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent RNA modification in eukaryotic cells, influencing RNA lifecycle processes. Existing m6A detection methods, such as wet-lab techniques and statistical approaches, are time-consuming, labor-intensive, or require control samples, while machine learning models often lack cross-species applicability. This study aims to develop RMNet, a robust cross-species m6A detection method using nanopore sequencing.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>RMNet employs Conformer and RNN architectures, integrating signal and alignment features from nanopore sequencing data. Contrastive learning enhances differentiation between m6A and non-m6A sites. The model was trained and tested on datasets from synthesized RNA, Arabidopsis, and human samples, using a single set of model weights.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>RMNet achieved state-of-the-art performance with accuracies of 99.7% for synthesized RNA, 78.8% for Arabidopsis, and 88.9% for human datasets. It outperformed existing methods (m6Anet, DENA, and RedNano) across six metrics, including AUC and AUPR, demonstrating robust cross-species generalization.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>RMNet's ability to detect m6A sites across diverse species with a single model addresses limitations of species-specific models. Its high sensitivity and feature representation enable applications in cancer research, neurodevelopmental studies, and plant biology. Limita-tions include higher error rates in human datasets for thymine-rich k-mers, likely due to complex secondary structures.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>RMNet provides an efficient, powerful tool for cross-species m6A detection, advancing epitranscriptomics research with potential applications in precision medicine and agri-cultural science.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144574989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Lipidomics in Breast Cancer: Decoding Metabolic Reprogramming and Unlocking Therapeutic Opportunities.","authors":"Harshita Singhai, Sunny Rathee, Umesh K Patil","doi":"10.2174/0113894501387287250611095023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501387287250611095023","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Lipidomics, a cutting-edge branch of metabolomics, provides a comprehensive understanding of the lipidome and its alterations in cellular and systemic processes. In breast cancer, a highly heterogeneous disease, lipidomics has emerged as a pivotal tool for exploring metabolic reprogramming, tumor progression, and therapeutic resistance. This review highlights the intricate relationship between lipid metabolism and breast cancer, with a focus on subtype-specific lipid dependencies, oxidative stress, and ferroptosis. Technological advancements, such as mass spectrometry and chromatography, have enabled precise profiling of lipid alterations, revealing distinct lipid signatures across breast cancer subtypes. Key enzymes like acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FASN), along with lipid regulators like PPARγ, have been identified as central players in lipid-driven tumorigenesis. Lipidomic studies offer the potential for biomarker discovery and the development of lipid-targeted therapies. Despite challenges in standardization and integration with other omics approaches, lipidomics is poised to revolutionize breast cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, providing novel insights into the metabolic underpinnings of this complex disease.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Role of PGE2 in Age-related Diseases.","authors":"Jun Guan, Chao Chen, Shanshan Wu, Haihong Zhu","doi":"10.2174/0113894501383329250616070727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501383329250616070727","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the past several years, human life expectancy has increased dramatically, and the global aging process is accelerating at an unprecedented rate. Impaired organ functions and systemic inflammation increase the risk of aging-related diseases. It seriously affects the quality of life in older adults and places a heavy burden on the global economy and public health. Inflammation is the cornerstone of many age-related diseases, and among various inflammatory mediators, Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has emerged as a key player. For example, PGE2 could participate in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) by modulating neuroinflammation. Plasma PGE2 is regarded as a potential and specific diagnostic biomarker, and higher initial PGE2 levels are positively correlated with longer survival in AD. PGE2 also mediates bone and muscle metabolism to affect age-related musculoskeletal diseases, including sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. It activates the EP4 receptor on sensory nerves to inhibit sympathetic nerve activity and modulate bone formation. Moreover, the PGE2/EP4 axis positively regulates muscle mass and strength. In diabetes, increased Cox-2 and m-PGES2 promote PGE2 production. The activated PGE2/EP3 axis exacerbates the progression of type 2 diabetes (T2D) by impairing glucose metabolism and accelerating β-cell senescence. Therefore, the role of PGE2 in age-related diseases deserves greater attention. Its involvement is driven by the dysregulation of its biosynthesis, metabolism, and receptor- mediated signaling. Regulating the concentration of PGE2 or modulating receptor activity represents a promising therapeutic strategy for managing age-related diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Targeting Creatine and Creatine Kinase in Cancer: Exploring Potential Therapeutic Strategies.","authors":"Mahla Abdollahzadeh, Razieh Ghodsi, Zhila Taherzadeh, Mahdi Hatamipour","doi":"10.2174/0113894501373936250609114913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501373936250609114913","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Creatine kinases (CKs) are a family of vital enzymes implicated in the domain of cellu-lar bioenergy, fulfilling a pivotal role in facilitating the reversible transfer of phosphoryl groups between adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and creatine. This process plays a crucial role in maintain-ing optimal ATP levels during energy-demanding processes, a requirement that is amplified in rapidly proliferating cells, including cancerous cells. CKs are pivotal in supporting cancer growth and metastasis, making their inhibition a promising therapeutic strategy. The present review dis-cusses a few ways of disrupting the creatine energy production cycle with emphasis on three main areas of research: First, we consider the different strategies that attack the Creatine Transporter (SLC6A8). Since this transporter facilitates the entry of creatine into the cell, it is expected that inhibiting this transporter may lead to reduced availability of creatine for CK-mediated energy production. Second, strategies aimed at directly inhibiting the enzyme carrying out the creatine phosphorylation are described. Lastly, we consider approaches targeting the backward reaction, i.e., the re-conversion of phosphocreatine to creatine and, thereby, the equilibrium of the CK reac-tion. The current review gives an overview of the structure-activity and structure-property rela-tionships of the currently available CK inhibitors. Understanding these relations in depth is a pre-requisite for developing new and more potent and selective CK inhibitors. This review focuses on an in-depth analysis to create better CK inhibitors with possible applications in oncology.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539352","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advancing Amyloid Aggregation Research: A Focus on Innovative Therapies, Molecular Modeling and Nano-Delivery Systems in Alzheimer's Disease.","authors":"Umaira Hasan, Himangini Jain, Ruhi Ali","doi":"10.2174/0113894501388678250618070927","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501388678250618070927","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a major global health issue. Its complex pathology, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, leads to neuronal damage and cognitive decline. Since Aβ plays a major role in AD, therapies targeting its production, aggregation, and clearance are being actively explored. This review discusses recent advances in gene therapy, enzyme inhibitors, molecular modeling, and nano-delivery systems aimed at modifying AD progression, highlighting their potential and challenges.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This review compiles findings on BACE1 and γ-secretase inhibitors, gene therapies that modify amyloid metabolism, and combination therapies. Studies have been selected based on their focus on Aβ regulation and their impact on disease progression, cognitive function, and breakthroughs in diagnostics, molecular modeling, and drug delivery for neurodegenerative conditions.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>BACE1 inhibitors, such as verubecestat, and γ-secretase inhibitors, shows potential, however, they face significant challenges related to BBB penetration and adverse effects. Gene therapies using AAV vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies are promising, particularly for individuals genetically predisposed to these diseases. Combination therapies targeting amyloid, tau, and neuro-inflammation have emerged as effective approaches. Advancements in PET, SPECT, MRI, small molecule probes, molecular modeling, and nano-particle-based drug delivery are improving diagnostic and treatment options.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The findings emphasize the multifactorial complexity of amyloid disorders and the limitations of mono-therapies. While certain agents demonstrated efficacy in early disease stages, most treatments have failed in advanced phases due to poor central nervous system (CNS) bioavailability, adverse effects, or insufficient target engagement. Novel delivery systems, combination therapies, and computational design approaches offer enhanced translational potential. However, challenges such as immune responses, delivery efficiency, and off-target effects continue to pose significant barriers.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Aβ-targeted therapies, including enzyme inhibitors and gene therapies, hold promise, though challenges such as BBB penetration and toxicity still remain. Combination therapies, along with advancements in diagnostics and drug delivery technology, are essential for finding effective treatments for Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and other neurodegenerative diseases. Future research should prioritize overcoming the persistent barriers to BBB penetration, enhancing therapeutic selectivity, and refining drug delivery systems to enable more precise, targeted interventions, to ultimately reduce the progression of disease at the molecular level.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-06-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144539350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurostimulation for the Management of Epilepsy: Advances in Targeted Therapy.","authors":"Shristy Verma, Rishabha Malviya, Sathvik Belagodu Sridhar, Sonali Sundram, Javedh Shareef","doi":"10.2174/0113894501364865250525091633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501364865250525091633","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Epilepsy is a multifaceted neurological disorder marked by seizures that can present with a wide range of symptoms. Despite the prevalent use of anti-epileptic drugs, drug resistance and adverse effects present considerable obstacles. Despite advancements in anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs), approximately 20-30% of patients remain drug-resistant, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed to explore advancements in epilepsy diagnosis and treatment utilizing modern technology and medicines.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The literature survey was carried out using Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Data from the last 10 years were preferred to include in the study.</p><p><strong>Result: </strong>Emerging technologies, such as artificial intelligence, gene therapy, and wearable gadgets, have transformed epilepsy care. EEG and MRI play essential roles in diagnosis, while AI aids in evaluating big datasets for more accurate seizure identification. Machine learning and artificial intelligence are increasingly integrated into diagnostic processes to enhance seizure detection and classification. Wearable technology improves patient self-monitoring and helps clinical research. Furthermore, gene treatments offer promise by treating the fundamental causes of seizure activity, while stem cell therapies give neuroprotective and regenerative advantages. Dietary interventions, including ketogenic diets, are being examined for their ability to modify neurochemical pathways implicated in epilepsy.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recent technological and therapeutic developments provide major benefits in epilepsy assessment and treatment, with AI and wearable devices enhancing seizure detection and patient monitoring. Nonetheless, additional study is essential to ensure greater clinical application and efficacy. Future perspectives include the potential of optogenetics and advanced signal processing techniques to revolutionize treatment paradigms, emphasizing the importance of personalized medicine in epilepsy care. Overall, a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of epilepsy is essential for developing effective interventions and improving patient outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186748","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"RAAS Overactivation and Mitochondrial Damage Signaling as Key Players in Lethal COVID-19.","authors":"Sabrina Fulkerson, Grace Hohman, Tyler Stark, Selman Aydogdu, Mohamed Eldeeb","doi":"10.2174/0113894501387212250525161808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/0113894501387212250525161808","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which led to a global pandemic causing millions of deaths, is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV- -2). While previous research on COVID-19 has primarily utilized nasal swabs and blood samples, these do not provide comprehensive insights into all the organ systems affected by the infection. A recent study by Topper et al. addressed this gap by analyzing both nasal samples and autopsy tissues from SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals. Their findings highlight a significant role of mitochondrial damage pathways and RAAS overactivation in contributing to the severity of SARSCoV- 2 infections. Importantly, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction and RAAS overactivation pathways may offer promising and specific druggable targets for treating COVID-19 patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10805,"journal":{"name":"Current drug targets","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144186749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}