S. Ghosh, Murugaiya Sridar Ilango, C. Prajapati, N. Bhat
{"title":"Reduction of Humidity Effect in WO3 Thin Film‐Based NO2 Sensor Using Physiochemical Optimization","authors":"S. Ghosh, Murugaiya Sridar Ilango, C. Prajapati, N. Bhat","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000155","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000155","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of humidity on WO3 thin films is studied. Two thin films of higher and lower oxidation states are characterized and studied for their interaction with water molecules on the metal oxide sensing surface. The film with higher oxidation is found to be more immune to humidity effect and hence, further used to reduce the same effect using absorbent filters and Nichrome deposited heater mesh. With the use of a Nichrome heater mesh, by increasing mesh temperature from 30 to 90 °C, there is a 63% reduction in absolute humidity at the sensor die. This in turn stabilizes the NO2 sensor response, by decreasing the humidity dependent (40% RH to 90% RH) peak current variation for 3 ppm NO2 exposure, from 65% to 26%. High‐temperature ageing at a temperature of 90 °C and 90% RH is found to be effective in significantly reducing humidity effect on sensor current output and only 8.4% change in peak current is observed for 3 ppm NO2 at variable humidity, which stabilizes the sensor current drift due to humidity variation.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"23 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82116253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Vertically Aligned MoS2 Nanosheets at Ambient Pressure","authors":"C. Borah, Sanjeev Kumar","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000085","url":null,"abstract":"Vertically aligned 2D molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets are grown directly on SiO2/Si substrate using an ordinary tubular furnace under 850 °C temperature and atmospheric pressure condition. To achieve high‐quality vertically aligned 2D MoS2, the amount of precursor material, i.e., molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) powder and sulfur (S), is varied, keeping the other parameters such as temperature and carrier gas flow rate constant. The Raman spectroscopy confirms the formation of 2D MoS2 layers and it illustrates that as‐grown MoS2 is in few‐layer forms with good crystallinity. The Raman spectra identifies the best quality 2D MoS2. The topographical and morphological studies of MoS2 carried out by atomic force microscope (AFM) and field effect scanning microscope (FESEM) reveal that as‐synthesized MoS2 is vertically aligned. X‐ray diffraction and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are carried out in order to identify the phase and elements in the product. In the present work, the emphasis is given on the vertical alignment rather than the thickness of 2D MoS2. Finally, it is demonstrated that vertically aligned 2D MoS2 can be grown simply on SiO2/Si substrate using a simple ordinary tubular furnace under atmospheric pressure condition by varying the amount of MoO3 and S.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"21 6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83155691","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yongtao Li, Yongju Li, Chun Li, Xuejian Zhang, F. Zeng, Hailing Lin, Zhongmin Su, C. Mahadevan
{"title":"Luminescent and Mechanical Properties of Cerium Doped Potassium Chloride Single Crystal","authors":"Yongtao Li, Yongju Li, Chun Li, Xuejian Zhang, F. Zeng, Hailing Lin, Zhongmin Su, C. Mahadevan","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000060","url":null,"abstract":"Large size cerium (Ce3+)‐doped potassium chloride single crystal is grown by the resistance heating Czochralski method and characterized structurally, mechanically, and optically by carrying out X‐ray diffraction (XRD), micro‐hardness, photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation (PLE), thermo‐luminescence (TL), and decay time measurements. XRD measurements reveal the incorporation of Ce atoms into the KCl host lattice. Microhardness measurements indicate an improvement in the hardness due to Ce3+‐doping and a decrease of hardness with increasing temperature. Two intense PL emission peaks are observed at wavelengths 343 and 367 nm, attributed, respectively, to the 5d→2F5/2 and 5d→2F7/2 transitions of Ce3+. Energy level scheme for the Ce3+ ion in the KCl crystal is proposed through PL and PLE analyses. The observed TL glow curve of KCl:Ce3+ shows a sharp peak located at about 244 °C. XRD, PL, and TL studies confirm the trivalent state of Ce3+ ion in the KCl host lattice. The luminescence decay time of KCl:Ce3+ crystal is found to be 35.14 ± 0.17 ns. The present study indicates that the KCl:Ce3+ crystal grown exhibiting suitable PL and TL emissions is expected to be a potential material for radiation dosimetry and scintillation applications.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"162 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88920101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
George Mathew, S. Francis, Neeraj K Rajak, S. Praveen, C. V. Tomy, D. Jaiswal-Nagar
{"title":"A Simple Synthesis Method for Growing Single Crystals of a Copper Coordination Polymer [Cu(C2O4)(4‐aminopyridine)2(H2O)]n, and its Theoretical and Physical Properties Studies","authors":"George Mathew, S. Francis, Neeraj K Rajak, S. Praveen, C. V. Tomy, D. Jaiswal-Nagar","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000124","url":null,"abstract":"This work reports on a novel and simple synthetic route for the growth of metal–organic crystal [Cu(C2O4)(4‐aminopyridine)2(H2O)]n of large size using the technique of liquid–liquid diffusion or layer diffusion. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction measurements revealed a very good quality of the grown single crystals with a small value 1.101 of goodness‐of‐fit R. Rietveld refinement done on powder X‐ray diffractogram obtained on few single crystals crushed together revealed a very small value of R as 3.45, indicating very good crystal quality in a batch of crystals. Density functional theory with three different basis sets generated the optimized geometry of a monomeric unit as well as its vibrational spectra. Comparison between experimentally obtained bond lengths, bond angles, IR frequencies, etc. suggests (B3LYP/LanL2DZ, B3LYP/6‐311++ G(d,p) basis set to describe the properties the best. Magnetic susceptibility measurements confirm the metal–organic crystal [Cu(C2O4)(4‐aminopyridine)2(H2O)]n to be a very good representation of a spin 1/2 Heisenberg antiferromagnet.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82892189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comments on the Paper: “Synthesis, Growth and Optical, Mechanical, Electrical and Surface Properties of an Inorganic New Nonlinear Optical Crystal: Sodium Cadmium Tetra Chloride (SCTC)”","authors":"B. R. Srinivasan","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000097","url":null,"abstract":"The authors of the title paper (Cryst. Res. Technol. 2018, 53, 1700271) report to have grown a new nonlinear optical sodium cadmium tetra chloride (SCTC) single crystal by slow evaporation from an aqueous solution. A critical analysis of the title paper proves that the so‐called SCTC crystal is an improperly characterized material. Taking the title crystal as an example, it is suggested that submission of CIF file to a database be made an essential prerequisite for journal publication of new compounds.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"5 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79192279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Numerical Modeling of Heat Transfer and Thermal Stress at the Czochralski Growth of Neodymium Scandate Single Crystals","authors":"K. Böttcher, W. Miller, S. Ganschow","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000106","url":null,"abstract":"The Czochralski growth of NdScO3 single crystals along the [110]‐direction is numerically analyzed with the focus on the influence of the optical thickness on the shape of the crystal–melt interface and on the generation of thermal stresses. Due to lack of data, the optical thickness (i.e., the absorption coefficient) is varied over the entire interval between optically thin and thick. While the thermal calculation in the entire furnace is treated as axisymmetric, the stress calculation of the crystal is done three‐dimensionally in order to meet the spatial anisotropy of thermal expansion and elastic coefficients. The numerically obtained values of the deflection of the crystal/melt interface meet the experimental ones for absorption coefficients in the range between 40 and 200 m−1. The maximum values of the von Mises stress appear for the case of absorption coefficient between 20 and 40 m−1. Applying absorption coefficients in the range between 3 and 100 m−1 leads to local peaks of high temperature in the shoulder region and the tail region near the end of the cylindrical part.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"84 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82305760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Radiation Sensors: Growth and Characterization of Radiation Sensors Based on Single Crystals of Hybrid Metal–Organic Methylammonium Lead Bromide and Iodide Perovskite (Crystal Research and Technology 11/2020)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/crat.202070031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202070031","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"109 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80537073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Masthead: Crystal Research and Technology 11'2020","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/crat.202070032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202070032","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"333 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80560145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
X. Yao, Yanfang Wu, Shujia Sun, F. Ren, Shunping Yang, Yan Liu
{"title":"The Transformation Relationship between Two Hydrates of Calcium Dobesilate and its Application in Crystallization Process","authors":"X. Yao, Yanfang Wu, Shujia Sun, F. Ren, Shunping Yang, Yan Liu","doi":"10.1002/crat.202000139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202000139","url":null,"abstract":"As a classic drug with several hydrate forms, Calcium Dobesilate is widely used in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and chronic venous insufficiency, and Monohydrate is the medicinal form. The key impurity, hydroquinone, is an important synthetic raw material of Calcium Dobesilate, but has a potential genotoxicity, so the content of hydroquinone in the final product should be lower. In this paper, based on characterization results of different hydrates, the Dihydrate is found as the beneficial form for purification, thus a novel crystallization process for purification has been carried out. The Dihydrate is obtained by a recrystallization and then transformed into the Monohydrate. From the results of solid‐state characterization and process analysis of phase transformation, the transformation relationship between the two hydrates is determined, and it is found out that the transformation from Dihydrate to Monohydrate could only happen via solution‐mediated transformation in Ethanol or Isopropanol. The impurity content of the Monohydrate product prepared by the new crystallization process is far below the current standard in the Pharmacopoeia.","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87261981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Urate Crystals: Morphology Regulation of Monosodium Urate Monohydrate Crystals via Fabricated Uniform Hydrogel Slices (Crystal Research and Technology 10/2020)","authors":"","doi":"10.1002/crat.202070029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1002/crat.202070029","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10797,"journal":{"name":"Crystal Research and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90038006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}