Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献_第9页

The complexity and regulation of repair of alkylation damage to nucleic acids. 核酸烷基化损伤修复的复杂性和调节。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-12 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1869173

Ning Tsao, Orlando D Schärer, Nima Mosammaparast

引用次数: 0

Multifaceted regulation of translation by the epitranscriptomic modification N⁶-methyladenosine. 外转录组修饰n6 -甲基腺苷对翻译的多方面调控。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-08 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1869174

Xiao-Min Liu, Jun Zhou

引用次数: 9

Coordinated roles of SLX4 and MutSβ in DNA repair and the maintenance of genome stability. SLX4和MutSβ在DNA修复和维持基因组稳定性中的协调作用

IF 6.2 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-02-17 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2021.1881433

Sarah J Young, Stephen C West

{"title":"Coordinated roles of SLX4 and MutSβ in DNA repair and the maintenance of genome stability.","authors":"Sarah J Young, Stephen C West","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2021.1881433","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10409238.2021.1881433","url":null,"abstract":"SLX4 provides a molecular scaffold for the assembly of multiple protein complexes required for the maintenance of genome stability. It is involved in the repair of DNA crosslinks, the resolution of recombination intermediates, the response to replication stress and the maintenance of telomere length. To carry out these diverse functions, SLX4 interacts with three structure-selective endonucleases, MUS81-EME1, SLX1 and XPF-ERCC1, as well as the telomere binding proteins TRF2, RTEL1 and SLX4IP. Recently, SLX4 was shown to interact with MutSβ, a heterodimeric protein involved in DNA mismatch repair, trinucleotide repeat instability, crosslink repair and recombination. Importantly, MutSβ promotes the pathogenic expansion of CAG/CTG trinucleotide repeats, which is causative of myotonic dystrophy and Huntington's disease. The colocalization and specific interaction of MutSβ with SLX4, together with their apparently overlapping functions, are suggestive of a common role in reactions that promote DNA maintenance and genome stability. This review will focus on the role of SLX4 in DNA repair, the interplay between MutSβ and SLX4, and detail how they cooperate to promote recombinational repair and DNA crosslink repair. Furthermore, we speculate that MutSβ and SLX4 may provide an alternative cellular mechanism that modulates trinucleotide instability.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"56 2","pages":"157-177"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7610648/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"25376837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Mobility and disorder in antibody and antigen binding sites do not prevent immunochemical recognition. 抗体和抗原结合位点的移动和紊乱并不妨碍免疫化学识别。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-04-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1869683

Vladimir N Uversky, Marc H V Van Regenmortel

引用次数: 12

Human de novo purine biosynthesis. 人类从头合成嘌呤。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1832438

Vidhi Pareek, Anthony M Pedley, Stephen J Benkovic

{"title":"Human de novo purine biosynthesis.","authors":"Vidhi Pareek, Anthony M Pedley, Stephen J Benkovic","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1832438","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1832438","url":null,"abstract":"The focus of this review is the human de novo purine biosynthetic pathway. The pathway enzymes are enumerated, as well as the reactions they catalyze and their physical properties. Early literature evidence suggested that they might assemble into a multi-enzyme complex called a metabolon. The finding that fluorescently-tagged chimeras of the pathway enzymes form discrete puncta, now called purinosomes, is further elaborated in this review to include: a discussion of their assembly; the role of ancillary proteins; their locus at the microtubule/mitochondria interface; the elucidation that at endogenous levels, purinosomes function to channel intermediates from phosphoribosyl pyrophosphate to AMP and GMP; and the evidence for the purinosomes to exist as a protein condensate. The review concludes with a consideration of probable signaling pathways that might promote the assembly and disassembly of the purinosome, in particular the identification of candidate kinases given the extensive phosphorylation of the enzymes. These collective findings substantiate our current view of the de novo purine biosynthetic metabolon whose properties will be representative of how other metabolic pathways might be organized for their function.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1832438","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38688874","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 47

HEPN RNases - an emerging class of functionally distinct RNA processing and degradation enzymes. HEPN核糖核酸酶-一类新兴的功能独特的RNA加工和降解酶。

IF 6.2 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-22 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1856769

Monica C Pillon, Jacob Gordon, Meredith N Frazier, Robin E Stanley

{"title":"HEPN RNases - an emerging class of functionally distinct RNA processing and degradation enzymes.","authors":"Monica C Pillon, Jacob Gordon, Meredith N Frazier, Robin E Stanley","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1856769","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1856769","url":null,"abstract":"HEPN (Higher Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes Nucleotide-binding) RNases are an emerging class of functionally diverse RNA processing and degradation enzymes. Members are defined by a small α-helical bundle encompassing a short consensus RNase motif. HEPN dimerization is a universal requirement for RNase activation as the conserved RNase motifs are precisely positioned at the dimer interface to form a composite catalytic center. While the core HEPN fold is conserved, the organization surrounding the HEPN dimer can support large structural deviations that contribute to their specialized functions. HEPN RNases are conserved throughout evolution and include bacterial HEPN RNases such as CRISPR-Cas and toxin-antitoxin associated nucleases, as well as eukaryotic HEPN RNases that adopt large multi-component machines. Here we summarize the canonical elements of the growing HEPN RNase family and identify molecular features that influence RNase function and regulation. We explore similarities and differences between members of the HEPN RNase family and describe the current mechanisms for HEPN RNase activation and inhibition.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"88-108"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7856873/pdf/nihms-1661536.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38739542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

To protect and modify double-stranded RNA - the critical roles of ADARs in development, immunity and oncogenesis. 保护和修饰双链RNA——ADARs在发育、免疫和肿瘤发生中的关键作用。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-12-27 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1856768

Emily A Erdmann, Ananya Mahapatra, Priyanka Mukherjee, Boyoon Yang, Heather A Hundley

{"title":"To protect and modify double-stranded RNA - the critical roles of ADARs in development, immunity and oncogenesis.","authors":"Emily A Erdmann, Ananya Mahapatra, Priyanka Mukherjee, Boyoon Yang, Heather A Hundley","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1856768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1856768","url":null,"abstract":"Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) are present in all animals and function to both bind double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) and catalyze the deamination of adenosine (A) to inosine (I). As inosine is a biological mimic of guanosine, deamination by ADARs changes the genetic information in the RNA sequence and is commonly referred to as RNA editing. Millions of A-to-I editing events have been reported for metazoan transcriptomes, indicating that RNA editing is a widespread mechanism used to generate molecular and phenotypic diversity. Loss of ADARs results in lethality in mice and behavioral phenotypes in worm and fly model systems. Furthermore, alterations in RNA editing occur in over 35 human pathologies, including several neurological disorders, metabolic diseases, and cancers. In this review, a basic introduction to ADAR structure and target recognition will be provided before summarizing how ADARs affect the fate of cellular RNAs and how researchers are using this knowledge to engineer ADARs for personalized medicine. In addition, we will highlight the important roles of ADARs and RNA editing in innate immunity and cancer biology.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"54-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1856768","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38745828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 25

PRIMPOL ready, set, reprime! PRIMPOL 准备、就绪、再准备！

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-12 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1841089

Stephanie Tirman, Emily Cybulla, Annabel Quinet, Alice Meroni, Alessandro Vindigni

{"title":"PRIMPOL ready, set, reprime!","authors":"Stephanie Tirman, Emily Cybulla, Annabel Quinet, Alice Meroni, Alessandro Vindigni","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1841089","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1841089","url":null,"abstract":"DNA replication forks are constantly challenged by DNA lesions induced by endogenous and exogenous sources. DNA damage tolerance mechanisms ensure that DNA replication continues with minimal effects on replication fork elongation either by using specialized DNA polymerases, which have the ability to replicate through the damaged template, or by skipping the damaged DNA, leaving it to be repaired after replication. These mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved in bacteria, yeast, and higher eukaryotes, and are paramount to ensure timely and faithful duplication of the genome. The Primase and DNA-directed Polymerase (PRIMPOL) is a recently discovered enzyme that possesses both primase and polymerase activities. PRIMPOL is emerging as a key player in DNA damage tolerance, particularly in vertebrate and human cells. Here, we review our current understanding of the function of PRIMPOL in DNA damage tolerance by focusing on the structural aspects that define its dual enzymatic activity, as well as on the mechanisms that control its chromatin recruitment and expression levels. We also focus on the latest findings on the mitochondrial and nuclear functions of PRIMPOL and on the impact of loss of these functions on genome stability and cell survival. Defining the function of PRIMPOL in DNA damage tolerance is becoming increasingly important in the context of human disease. In particular, we discuss recent evidence pointing at the PRIMPOL pathway as a novel molecular target to improve cancer cell response to DNA-damaging chemotherapy and as a predictive parameter to stratify patients in personalized cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"17-30"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7906090/pdf/nihms-1664589.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38698183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Repeat RNA expansion disorders of the nervous system: post-transcriptional mechanisms and therapeutic strategies. 神经系统的重复RNA扩增障碍:转录后机制和治疗策略。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-11-10 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1841726

Joshua L Schwartz, Krysten Leigh Jones, Gene W Yeo

{"title":"Repeat RNA expansion disorders of the nervous system: post-transcriptional mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.","authors":"Joshua L Schwartz, Krysten Leigh Jones, Gene W Yeo","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1841726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1841726","url":null,"abstract":"Dozens of incurable neurological disorders result from expansion of short repeat sequences in both coding and non-coding regions of the transcriptome. Short repeat expansions underlie microsatellite repeat expansion (MRE) disorders including myotonic dystrophy (DM1, CUG50-3,500 in DMPK; DM2, CCTG75-11,000 in ZNF9), fragile X tremor ataxia syndrome (FXTAS, CGG50-200 in FMR1), spinal bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA, CAG40-55 in AR), Huntington's disease (HD, CAG36-121 in HTT), C9ORF72- amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)/frontotemporal dementia (FTD and C9-ALS/FTD, GGGGCC in C9ORF72), and many others, like ataxias. Recent research has highlighted several mechanisms that may contribute to pathology in this heterogeneous class of neurological MRE disorders - bidirectional transcription, intranuclear RNA foci, and repeat associated non-AUG (RAN) translation - which are the subject of this review. Additionally, many MRE disorders share similar underlying molecular pathologies that have been recently targeted in experimental and preclinical contexts. We discuss the therapeutic potential of versatile therapeutic strategies that may selectively target disrupted RNA-based processes and may be readily adaptable for the treatment of multiple MRE disorders. Collectively, the strategies under consideration for treatment of multiple MRE disorders include reducing levels of toxic RNA, preventing RNA foci formation, and eliminating the downstream cellular toxicity associated with peptide repeats produced by RAN translation. While treatments are still lacking for the majority of MRE disorders, several promising therapeutic strategies have emerged and will be evaluated within this review.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"56 1","pages":"31-53"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1841726","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38586650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

Ribonucleotide incorporation into DNA during DNA replication and its consequences. DNA复制过程中核糖核苷酸与DNA的结合及其后果。

IF 6.2 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2021-02-01 Epub Date: 2021-01-18 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1869175

Zhi-Xiong Zhou, Jessica S Williams, Scott A Lujan, Thomas A Kunkel

引用次数: 0