Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献_第10页

AGO2 and its partners: a silencing complex, a chromatin modulator, and new features. AGO2及其合作伙伴:沉默复合体、染色质调节剂和新功能。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1738331

Xiaojing Li, Xueying Wang, Zeneng Cheng, Qubo Zhu

引用次数: 38

Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis. 细胞极性和平面细胞极性蛋白在精子发生中的作用。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091

Linxi Li, Huitao Li, Lingling Wang, Siwen Wu, Lixiu Lv, Anam Tahir, Xiang Xiao, Chris K C Wong, Fei Sun, Renshan Ge, C Yan Cheng

{"title":"Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis.","authors":"Linxi Li, Huitao Li, Lingling Wang, Siwen Wu, Lixiu Lv, Anam Tahir, Xiang Xiao, Chris K C Wong, Fei Sun, Renshan Ge, C Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on cell polarity proteins and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins date back to almost 40 years ago in Drosophila and C. elegans when these proteins were shown to be crucial to support apico-basal polarity and also directional alignment of polarity cells across the plane of an epithelium during morphogenesis. In adult mammals, cell polarity and PCP are most notable in cochlear hair cells. However, the role of these two groups of proteins to support spermatogenesis was not explored until a decade earlier when several proteins that confer cell polarity and PCP proteins were identified in the rat testis. Since then, there are several reports appearing in the literature to examine the role of both cell polarity and PCP in supporting spermatogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview regarding the role of cell polarity and PCP proteins in the testis, evaluating these findings in light of studies in other mammalian epithelial cells/tissues. Our goal is to provide a timely evaluation of these findings, and provide some thought provoking remarks to guide future studies based on an evolving concept in the field.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37766730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

New era of optogenetics: from the central to peripheral nervous system. 光遗传学的新时代:从中枢到周围神经系统。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279

Xiang Xu, Thomas Mee, Xiaofeng Jia

{"title":"New era of optogenetics: from the central to peripheral nervous system.","authors":"Xiang Xu, Thomas Mee, Xiaofeng Jia","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279","url":null,"abstract":"Optogenetics has recently gained recognition as a biological technique to control the activity of cells using light stimulation. Many studies have applied optogenetics to cell lines in the central nervous system because it has the potential to elucidate neural circuits, treat neurological diseases and promote nerve regeneration. There have been fewer studies on the application of optogenetics in the peripheral nervous system. This review introduces the basic principles and approaches of optogenetics and summarizes the physiology and mechanism of opsins and how the technology enables bidirectional control of unique cell lines with superior spatial and temporal accuracy. Further, this review explores and discusses the therapeutic potential for the development of optogenetics and its capacity to revolutionize treatment for refractory epilepsy, depression, pain, and other nervous system disorders, with a focus on neural regeneration, especially in the peripheral nervous system. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest preclinical research on optogenetic stimulation, including studies on non-human primates, summarizes the challenges, and highlights future perspectives. The potential of optogenetic stimulation to optimize therapy for peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) is also highlighted. Optogenetic technology has already generated exciting, preliminary evidence, supporting its role in applications to several neurological diseases, including PNIs.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37654347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Evolving paradigms on the interplay of mitochondrial Hsp70 chaperone system in cell survival and senescence. 线粒体Hsp70伴侣系统在细胞存活和衰老中相互作用的进化范式。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1718062

Shubhi Srivastava, Vinaya Vishwanathan, Abhijit Birje, Devanjan Sinha, Patrick D'Silva

{"title":"Evolving paradigms on the interplay of mitochondrial Hsp70 chaperone system in cell survival and senescence.","authors":"Shubhi Srivastava, Vinaya Vishwanathan, Abhijit Birje, Devanjan Sinha, Patrick D'Silva","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1718062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1718062","url":null,"abstract":"The role of mitochondria within a cell has grown beyond being the prime source of cellular energy to one of the major signaling platforms. Recent evidence provides several insights into the crucial roles of mitochondrial chaperones in regulating the organellar response to external triggers. The mitochondrial Hsp70 (mtHsp70/Mortalin/Grp75) chaperone system plays a critical role in the maintenance of proteostasis balance in the organelle. Defects in mtHsp70 network result in attenuated protein transport and misfolding of polypeptides leading to mitochondrial dysfunction. The functions of Hsp70 are primarily governed by J-protein cochaperones. Although human mitochondria possess a single Hsp70, its multifunctionality is characterized by the presence of multiple specific J-proteins. Several studies have shown a potential association of Hsp70 and J-proteins with diverse pathological states that are not limited to their canonical role as chaperones. The role of mitochondrial Hsp70 and its co-chaperones in disease pathogenesis has not been critically reviewed in recent years. We evaluated some of the cellular interfaces where Hsp70 machinery associated with pathophysiological conditions, particularly in context of tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration. The mitochondrial Hsp70 machinery shows a variable localization and integrates multiple components of the cellular processes with varied phenotypic consequences. Although Hsp70 and J-proteins function synergistically in proteins folding, their precise involvement in pathological conditions is mainly idiosyncratic. This machinery is associated with a heterogeneous set of molecules during the progression of a disorder. However, the precise binding to the substrate for a specific physiological response under a disease subtype is still an undocumented area of analysis.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 6","pages":"517-536"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1718062","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37592705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

The ammonia-lyases: enzymes that use a wide range of approaches to catalyze the same type of reaction. 氨解酶:使用多种方法催化同一类型反应的酶。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-06 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1708261

Ronald E Viola

{"title":"The ammonia-lyases: enzymes that use a wide range of approaches to catalyze the same type of reaction.","authors":"Ronald E Viola","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1708261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2019.1708261","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paradigm that protein structure determines protein function has been clearly established. What is less clear is whether a specific protein structure is always required to carry out a specific function. Numerous cases are now known where there is no apparent connection between the biological function of a protein and the other members of its structural class, and where functionally related proteins can have quite diverse structures. A set of enzymes with these diverse properties, the ammonia-lyases, will be examined in this review. These are a class of enzymes that catalyze a relatively straightforward deamination reaction. However, the individual enzymes of this class possess a wide variety of different structures, utilize a diverse set of cofactors, and appear to catalyze this related reaction through a range of different mechanisms. This review aims to address a basic question: if there is not a specific protein structure and active site architecture that is both required and sufficient to define a catalyst for a given chemical reaction, then what factor(s) determine the structure and the mechanism that is selected to catalyze a particular reaction?","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 6","pages":"467-483"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2019.1708261","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37517740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity. 硒和硒蛋白在类固醇代谢和免疫中的作用。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-12-01 Epub Date: 2020-01-30 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430

Fenghua Qian, Sougat Misra, K Sandeep Prabhu

{"title":"Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity.","authors":"Fenghua Qian, Sougat Misra, K Sandeep Prabhu","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430","url":null,"abstract":"Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 6","pages":"484-516"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2019-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7122104/pdf/nihms-1566915.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37589462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The multiscale effects of polycomb mechanisms on 3D chromatin folding. polycomb机制对三维染色质折叠的多尺度效应

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-10-01 Epub Date: 2019-11-07 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1679082

Thierry Cheutin, Giacomo Cavalli

{"title":"The multiscale effects of polycomb mechanisms on 3D chromatin folding.","authors":"Thierry Cheutin, Giacomo Cavalli","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1679082","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1679082","url":null,"abstract":"Polycomb group (PcG) proteins silence master regulatory genes required to properly confer cell identity during the development of both Drosophila and mammals. They may act through chromatin compaction and higher-order folding of chromatin inside the cell nucleus. During the last decade, analysis on interphase chromosome architecture discovered self-interacting regions named topologically associated domains (TADs). TADs result from the 3D chromatin folding of a succession of transcribed and repressed epigenomic domains and from loop extrusion mediated by cohesin/CTCF in mammals. Polycomb silenced chromatin constitutes one type of repressed epigenomic domains which form compacted nano-compartments inside cell nuclei. Recruitment of canonical PcG proteins on chromatin relies on initial binding to discrete elements and further spreading into large chromatin domains covered with H3K27me3. Some of these discrete elements have a bivalent nature both in mammals and Drosophila and are dynamically regulated during development. Loops can occur between them, suggesting that their interaction plays both functional and structural roles. Formation of large chromatin domains covered by H3K27me3 seems crucial for PcG silencing and PcG proteins might exert their function through compaction of these domains in both mammals and flies, rather than by directly controlling the nucleosomal accessibility of discrete regulatory elements. In addition, PcG chromatin domains interact over long genomic distances, shaping a higher-order chromatin network. Therefore, PcG silencing might rely on multiscale chromatin folding to maintain cell identity during differentiation.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":"399-417"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2019.1679082","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41817760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 28

Structural and functional modularity of the U2 snRNP in pre-mRNA splicing 前信使核糖核酸剪接中U2 snRNP的结构和功能模块性

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1691497

Clarisse van der Feltz, A. Hoskins

{"title":"Structural and functional modularity of the U2 snRNP in pre-mRNA splicing","authors":"Clarisse van der Feltz, A. Hoskins","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1691497","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2019.1691497","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) is an essential component of the spliceosome, the cellular machine responsible for removing introns from precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs) in all eukaryotes. U2 is an extraordinarily dynamic splicing factor and the most frequently mutated in cancers. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) has transformed our structural and functional understanding of the role of U2 in splicing. In this review, we synthesize these and other data with respect to a view of U2 as an assembly of interconnected functional modules. These modules are organized by the U2 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) for roles in spliceosome assembly, intron substrate recognition, and protein scaffolding. We describe new discoveries regarding the structure of U2 components and how the snRNP undergoes numerous conformational and compositional changes during splicing. We specifically highlight large scale movements of U2 modules as the spliceosome creates and rearranges its active site. U2 serves as a compelling example for how cellular machines can exploit the modular organization and structural plasticity of an RNP.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":"443 - 465"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2019.1691497","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43439697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 34

Spatiotemporal regulation of PCNA ubiquitination in damage tolerance pathways 损伤耐受途径中PCNA泛素化的时空调控

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-09-03 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1687420

Y. Masuda, C. Masutani

{"title":"Spatiotemporal regulation of PCNA ubiquitination in damage tolerance pathways","authors":"Y. Masuda, C. Masutani","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1687420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2019.1687420","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract DNA is constantly exposed to a wide variety of exogenous and endogenous agents, and most DNA lesions inhibit DNA synthesis. To cope with such problems during replication, cells have molecular mechanisms to resume DNA synthesis in the presence of DNA lesions, which are known as DNA damage tolerance (DDT) pathways. The concept of ubiquitination-mediated regulation of DDT pathways in eukaryotes was established via genetic studies in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in which two branches of the DDT pathway are regulated via ubiquitination of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA): translesion DNA synthesis (TLS) and homology-dependent repair (HDR), which are stimulated by mono- and polyubiquitination of PCNA, respectively. Over the subsequent nearly two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms that regulate DDT pathways in other eukaryotes. Importantly, TLS is intrinsically error-prone because of the miscoding nature of most damaged nucleotides and inaccurate replication of undamaged templates by TLS polymerases (pols), whereas HDR is theoretically error-free because the DNA synthesis is thought to be predominantly performed by pol δ, an accurate replicative DNA pol, using the undamaged sister chromatid as its template. Thus, the regulation of the choice between the TLS and HDR pathways is critical to determine the appropriate biological outcomes caused by DNA damage. In this review, we summarize our current understanding of the species-specific regulatory mechanisms of PCNA ubiquitination and how cells choose between TLS and HDR. We then provide a hypothetical model for the spatiotemporal regulation of DDT pathways in human cells.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":"418 - 442"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2019-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2019.1687420","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46386664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 20

Current insights into the mechanism of mammalian immunoglobulin class switch recombination. 哺乳动物免疫球蛋白类开关重组机制的研究进展

IF 6.2 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2019-08-01 Epub Date: 2019-09-11 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2019.1659227

Kefei Yu, Michael R Lieber

{"title":"Current insights into the mechanism of mammalian immunoglobulin class switch recombination.","authors":"Kefei Yu, Michael R Lieber","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1659227","DOIUrl":"10.1080/10409238.2019.1659227","url":null,"abstract":"Immunoglobulin (Ig) class switch recombination (CSR) is the gene rearrangement process by which B lymphocytes change the Ig heavy chain constant region to permit a switch of Ig isotype from IgM to IgG, IgA, or IgE. At the DNA level, CSR occurs via generation and joining of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) at intronic switch regions located just upstream of each of the heavy chain constant regions. Activation-induced deaminase (AID), a B cell specific enzyme, catalyzes cytosine deaminations (converting cytosines to uracils) as the initial DNA lesions that eventually lead to DSBs and CSR. Progress on AID structure integrates very well with knowledge about Ig class switch region nucleic acid structures that are supported by functional studies. It is an ideal time to review what is known about the mechanism of Ig CSR and its relation to somatic hypermutation. There have been many comprehensive reviews on various aspects of the CSR reaction and regulation of AID expression and activity. This review is focused on the relation between AID and switch region nucleic acid structures, with a particular emphasis on R-loops.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"54 1","pages":"333-351"},"PeriodicalIF":6.2,"publicationDate":"2019-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6856442/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45505202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0