Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology最新文献_第10页

Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2): biology and pathobiology. 视黄醇结合蛋白2 (RBP2):生物学和病理生物学。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-28 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207

William S Blaner, Pierre-Jacques Brun, Rossana M Calderon, Marcin Golczak

{"title":"Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2): biology and pathobiology.","authors":"William S Blaner, Pierre-Jacques Brun, Rossana M Calderon, Marcin Golczak","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207","url":null,"abstract":"Retinol-binding protein 2 (RBP2; originally cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII)) is a 16 kDa cytosolic protein that in the adult is localized predominantly to absorptive cells of the proximal small intestine. It is well established that RBP2 plays a central role in facilitating uptake of dietary retinoid, retinoid metabolism in enterocytes, and retinoid actions locally within the intestine. Studies of mice lacking Rbp2 establish that Rbp2 is not required in times of dietary retinoid-sufficiency. However, in times of dietary retinoid-insufficiency, the complete lack of Rbp2 gives rise to perinatal lethality owing to RBP2 absence in both placental (maternal) and neonatal tissues. Moreover, when maintained on a high-fat diet, Rbp2-knockout mice develop obesity, glucose intolerance and a fatty liver. Unexpectedly, recent investigations have demonstrated that RBP2 binds long-chain 2-monoacylglycerols (2-MAGs), including the canonical endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol, with very high affinity, equivalent to that of retinol binding. Crystallographic studies establish that 2-MAGs bind to a site within RBP2 that fully overlaps with the retinol binding site. When challenged orally with fat, mucosal levels of 2-MAGs in Rbp2 null mice are significantly greater than those of matched controls establishing that RBP2 is a physiologically relevant MAG-binding protein. The rise in MAG levels is accompanied by elevations in circulating levels of the hormone glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). It is not understood how retinoid and/or MAG binding to RBP2 affects the functions of this protein, nor is it presently understood how these contribute to the metabolic and hormonal phenotypes observed for Rbp2-deficient mice.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 2","pages":"197-218"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1768207","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37986193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Phosphatidylserine exposure in living cells. 活细胞中的磷脂酰丝氨酸暴露。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-14 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1758624

Hye-Won Shin, Hiroyuki Takatsu

引用次数: 35

Protease propeptide structures, mechanisms of activation, and functions. 蛋白酶前肽的结构、活化机制和功能。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-04-14 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742090

Lise Boon, Estefania Ugarte-Berzal, Jennifer Vandooren, Ghislain Opdenakker

{"title":"Protease propeptide structures, mechanisms of activation, and functions.","authors":"Lise Boon, Estefania Ugarte-Berzal, Jennifer Vandooren, Ghislain Opdenakker","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1742090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742090","url":null,"abstract":"Proteases are a diverse group of hydrolytic enzymes, ranging from single-domain catalytic molecules to sophisticated multi-functional macromolecules. Human proteases are divided into five mechanistic classes: aspartate, cysteine, metallo, serine and threonine proteases, based on the catalytic mechanism of hydrolysis. As a protective mechanism against uncontrolled proteolysis, proteases are often produced and secreted as inactive precursors, called zymogens, containing inhibitory N-terminal propeptides. Protease propeptide structures vary considerably in length, ranging from dipeptides and propeptides of about 10 amino acids to complex multifunctional prodomains with hundreds of residues. Interestingly, sequence analysis of the different protease domains has demonstrated that propeptide sequences present higher heterogeneity compared with their catalytic domains. Therefore, we suggest that protease inhibition targeting propeptides might be more specific and have less off-target effects than classical inhibitors. The roles of propeptides, besides keeping protease latency, include correct folding of proteases, compartmentalization, liganding, and functional modulation. Changes in the propeptide sequence, thus, have a tremendous impact on the cognate enzymes. Small modifications of the propeptide sequences modulate the activity of the enzymes, which may be useful as a therapeutic strategy. This review provides an overview of known human proteases, with a focus on the role of their propeptides. We review propeptide functions, activation mechanisms, and possible therapeutic applications.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 2","pages":"111-165"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742090","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37836293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 32

Architecture of the IFT ciliary trafficking machinery and interplay between its components. IFT辅助贩运机制的体系结构及其组成部分之间的相互作用。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-04-01 Epub Date: 2020-05-26 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206

Kazuhisa Nakayama, Yohei Katoh

{"title":"Architecture of the IFT ciliary trafficking machinery and interplay between its components.","authors":"Kazuhisa Nakayama, Yohei Katoh","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206","url":null,"abstract":"Cilia and flagella serve as cellular antennae and propellers in various eukaryotic cells, and contain specific receptors and ion channels as well as components of axonemal microtubules and molecular motors to achieve their sensory and motile functions. Not only the bidirectional trafficking of specific proteins within cilia but also their selective entry and exit across the ciliary gate is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery with the aid of motor proteins. The IFT-B complex, which is powered by the kinesin-2 motor, mediates anterograde protein trafficking from the base to the tip of cilia, whereas the IFT-A complex together with the dynein-2 complex mediates retrograde protein trafficking. The BBSome complex connects ciliary membrane proteins to the IFT machinery. Defects in any component of this trafficking machinery lead to abnormal ciliogenesis and ciliary functions, and results in a broad spectrum of disorders, collectively called the ciliopathies. In this review article, we provide an overview of the architectures of the components of the IFT machinery and their functional interplay in ciliary protein trafficking.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 2","pages":"179-196"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37978007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 42

The implication of the SUMOylation pathway in breast cancer pathogenesis and treatment. SUMOylation通路在乳腺癌发病和治疗中的意义。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-18 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1738332

Andrea Rabellino, Kum Kum Khanna

{"title":"The implication of the SUMOylation pathway in breast cancer pathogenesis and treatment.","authors":"Andrea Rabellino, Kum Kum Khanna","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1738332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1738332","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in woman worldwide, and is the second most common cause of death in developed countries. The transformation of a normal cell into a malignant derivate requires the acquisition of diverse genomic and proteomic changes, including enzymatic post-translational modifications (PTMs) on key proteins encompassing critical cell signaling events. PTMs occur on proteins after translation, and regulate several aspects of proteins activity, including their localization, activation and turnover. Deregulation of PTMs can potentially lead to tumorigenesis, and several de-regulated PTM pathways contribute to abnormal cell proliferation during breast tumorigenesis. SUMOylation is a PTM that plays a pivotal role in numerous aspects of cell physiology, including cell cycle regulation, protein trafficking and turnover, and DNA damage repair. Consistently with this, the deregulation of the SUMO pathway is observed in different human pathologies, including breast cancer. In this review we will describe the role of SUMOylation in breast tumorigenesis and its implication for breast cancer therapy.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"54-70"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1738332","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37747420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Transcription factors and transporters in zinc homeostasis: lessons learned from fungi. 锌稳态中的转录因子和转运体:从真菌中获得的经验教训。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-19 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742092

David J Eide

{"title":"Transcription factors and transporters in zinc homeostasis: lessons learned from fungi.","authors":"David J Eide","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1742092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742092","url":null,"abstract":"Zinc is an essential nutrient for all organisms because this metal serves as a critical structural or catalytic cofactor for many proteins. These zinc-dependent proteins are abundant in the cytosol as well as within organelles of eukaryotic cells such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and storage compartments such as the fungal vacuole. Therefore, cells need zinc transporters so that they can efficiently take up the metal and move it around within cells. In addition, because zinc levels in the environment can vary drastically, the activity of many of these transporters and other components of zinc homeostasis is regulated at the level of transcription by zinc-responsive transcription factors. Mechanisms of post-transcriptional control are also important for zinc homeostasis. In this review, the focus will be on our current knowledge of zinc transporters and their regulation by zinc-responsive transcription factors and other mechanisms in fungi because these organisms have served as useful paradigms of zinc homeostasis in all organisms. With this foundation, extension to other organisms will be made where warranted.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"88-110"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742092","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37755044","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 22

Spatial control of AMPK signaling at subcellular compartments. 亚细胞区室中AMPK信号的空间控制。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1727840

Anoop Singh Chauhan, Li Zhuang, Boyi Gan

引用次数: 22

AGO2 and its partners: a silencing complex, a chromatin modulator, and new features. AGO2及其合作伙伴:沉默复合体、染色质调节剂和新功能。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-13 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1738331

Xiaojing Li, Xueying Wang, Zeneng Cheng, Qubo Zhu

引用次数: 38

Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis. 细胞极性和平面细胞极性蛋白在精子发生中的作用。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-03-24 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091

Linxi Li, Huitao Li, Lingling Wang, Siwen Wu, Lixiu Lv, Anam Tahir, Xiang Xiao, Chris K C Wong, Fei Sun, Renshan Ge, C Yan Cheng

{"title":"Role of cell polarity and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins in spermatogenesis.","authors":"Linxi Li, Huitao Li, Lingling Wang, Siwen Wu, Lixiu Lv, Anam Tahir, Xiang Xiao, Chris K C Wong, Fei Sun, Renshan Ge, C Yan Cheng","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091","url":null,"abstract":"Studies on cell polarity proteins and planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins date back to almost 40 years ago in Drosophila and C. elegans when these proteins were shown to be crucial to support apico-basal polarity and also directional alignment of polarity cells across the plane of an epithelium during morphogenesis. In adult mammals, cell polarity and PCP are most notable in cochlear hair cells. However, the role of these two groups of proteins to support spermatogenesis was not explored until a decade earlier when several proteins that confer cell polarity and PCP proteins were identified in the rat testis. Since then, there are several reports appearing in the literature to examine the role of both cell polarity and PCP in supporting spermatogenesis. Herein, we provide an overview regarding the role of cell polarity and PCP proteins in the testis, evaluating these findings in light of studies in other mammalian epithelial cells/tissues. Our goal is to provide a timely evaluation of these findings, and provide some thought provoking remarks to guide future studies based on an evolving concept in the field.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"71-87"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1742091","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37766730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

New era of optogenetics: from the central to peripheral nervous system. 光遗传学的新时代:从中枢到周围神经系统。

IF 6.5 2区生物学

Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Pub Date : 2020-02-01 Epub Date: 2020-02-18 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279

Xiang Xu, Thomas Mee, Xiaofeng Jia

{"title":"New era of optogenetics: from the central to peripheral nervous system.","authors":"Xiang Xu, Thomas Mee, Xiaofeng Jia","doi":"10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279","url":null,"abstract":"Optogenetics has recently gained recognition as a biological technique to control the activity of cells using light stimulation. Many studies have applied optogenetics to cell lines in the central nervous system because it has the potential to elucidate neural circuits, treat neurological diseases and promote nerve regeneration. There have been fewer studies on the application of optogenetics in the peripheral nervous system. This review introduces the basic principles and approaches of optogenetics and summarizes the physiology and mechanism of opsins and how the technology enables bidirectional control of unique cell lines with superior spatial and temporal accuracy. Further, this review explores and discusses the therapeutic potential for the development of optogenetics and its capacity to revolutionize treatment for refractory epilepsy, depression, pain, and other nervous system disorders, with a focus on neural regeneration, especially in the peripheral nervous system. Additionally, this review synthesizes the latest preclinical research on optogenetic stimulation, including studies on non-human primates, summarizes the challenges, and highlights future perspectives. The potential of optogenetic stimulation to optimize therapy for peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs) is also highlighted. Optogenetic technology has already generated exciting, preliminary evidence, supporting its role in applications to several neurological diseases, including PNIs.","PeriodicalId":10794,"journal":{"name":"Critical Reviews in Biochemistry and Molecular Biology","volume":"55 1","pages":"1-16"},"PeriodicalIF":6.5,"publicationDate":"2020-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/10409238.2020.1726279","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37654347","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17