Current Eye Research最新文献

{"title":"Automated Versus Image-Guided Cyclotorsion Control in FS-LASIK: A Vector Analysis Study.","authors":"Husna Topcu, Mevlut Celal Ocal, Mehmet Altun, Ugur Tunc, Dilek Yasa, Gonul Karatas Durusoy, Atilla Hacıbekiroglu, Bulent Kose","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2718678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2718678","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare automated cyclotorsion compensation using the WaveLight^® Topolyzer^™ system with manual cyclotorsion alignment guided by the Callisto image-guided system in achieving accurate astigmatic correction during femtosecond laser-assisted <i>in situ</i> keratomileusis (FS-LASIK).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective, single-center study analyzed data from 159 eyes that underwent FS-LASIK with a 6-month postoperative follow-up. Group 1 (<i>n</i> = 113) received real-time automated cyclotorsion compensation using the WaveLight^® Topolyzer^™ system, whereas Group 2 (<i>n</i> = 46) underwent manual cyclotorsion alignment guided by the Callisto image-guided system when automated registration was not feasible. Postoperative uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected (CDVA) distance visual acuity, residual refractive astigmatism, and vector analysis parameters-including target-induced astigmatism (TIA), surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), correction index (CI), difference vector (DV), and index of success (IOS)-were evaluated at 1 and 6 months.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Baseline cylindrical refractive error was comparable between the groups (<i>p</i> = 0.661). At 6 months, mean residual astigmatism was -0.28 ± 0.26 D in Group 1 and -0.19 ± 0.22 D in Group 2, although the between-group difference did not reach statistical significance (<i>p</i> = 0.051). Group 2 achieved significantly better UDVA at 6 months (0.01 ± 0.02 logMAR) compared with Group 1 (0.04 ± 0.07 logMAR; <i>p</i> = 0.019). Vector analysis demonstrated a lower difference vector and a slightly higher correction index in Group 2, indicating more precise long-term astigmatic alignment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Both automated and image-guided cyclotorsion control strategies produced excellent visual and refractive outcomes after FS-LASIK. However, image-guided manual alignment using the Callisto system was associated with superior uncorrected visual acuity and a more favorable vector profile, supporting its use as an effective alternative when automated cyclotorsion registration is limited.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148789429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Selective Intrinsically Photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells Ablation Regulates Myopia Development Through the Choroid/MAPK Pathway.","authors":"Ruotong Ouyang, Xiao Fan, Xiaochen Wang, Sisi Tan, Miao Wei, Yujia Huo, Hong Li","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2715205","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2715205","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>This study investigates the role of selective ablation of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) in regulating axial length (AL) and scleral remodeling during myopia progression.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Three-week-old pigmented guinea pigs were randomly assigned to five experimental groups, with form-deprivation myopia (FDM) models receiving intravitreal melanopsin-saporin (MEL-SAP) injections. Molecular analyses (Western blot, RT-qPCR) quantified expression of retina-, choroid-, and sclera-related factors. Structural changes were assessed <i>via</i> immunohistochemistry, optical coherence tomography (OCT; choroidal/scleral thickness), and Masson's trichrome staining (scleral collagen organization).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In FDM models, melanopsin expression was elevated. MEL-SAP injection shortened the AL and slowed the progression of late-stage myopia. This treatment attenuated AL elongation and delayed refractive progression in FDM+MEL-SAP groups versus FDM alone. Molecular analyses indicated suppression of FDM-induced scleral remodeling markers and choroidal hypoxia indicators following selective ipRGCs ablation. Activation of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) by the specific agonist Ro67-7476 reversed the effects of ipRGC ablation, demonstrating the functional involvement of microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK)/ERK signaling in mediating the anti-myopic effects. Choroidal perfusion experiments supported selective ipRGC ablation's primary action through the retinal-choroidal-scleral(RCS) axis.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Collectively, our results reveal that the ipRGCs mediates the effects of choroid/MAPK pathway on AL, providing a refined understanding of retinal mechanisms and identifying a potential therapeutic target for myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148758534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tear GDF15 Levels Are Elevated in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma Patients and Correlate With Aqueous Humor Levels.","authors":"Cory N Sharp, Kenta Kato, Andrea Santeford, Erin Sieck, Arsham Sheybani, Mitsukuni Yoshida, Rajendra S Apte","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2718679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2718679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To determine whether growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) is detectable and elevated in tears of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and whether tear GDF15 levels correlate with aqueous humor (AH) GDF15 levels.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a single-center cross-sectional study, we recruited 21 patients undergoing ocular surgery, including patients with moderate to severe POAG undergoing glaucoma or cataract surgery (<i>n</i> = 11) and controls without glaucoma undergoing cataract surgery (<i>n</i> = 10). Demographic data were obtained by chart review. Tear samples were obtained preoperatively using Schirmer strips, and AH samples were obtained from the initial limbal paracentesis during surgery. GDF15 concentrations were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AH GDF15 levels were significantly elevated in POAG samples compared with controls (<i>p</i> = .0057), and this difference remained significant after normalization to total protein (<i>p</i> = .0193). GDF15 was detectable in nearly all tear samples and was significantly higher in POAG patients than in controls (<i>p</i> = .0003), remaining significant after normalization (<i>p</i> = .0022). Raw tear and AH GDF15 levels were not significantly correlated (<i>p</i> = .0736, <i>R</i>² = 0.1588) but showed significant positive correlation after normalizing to total protein and removing two outliers (<i>p</i> = .0019, <i>R</i>² = 0.4416).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Tear GDF15 is detectable and significantly elevated in POAG patients. Tear GDF15 correlates with AH GDF15 after normalization to total protein. These findings suggest the potential of tear GDF15 as a noninvasive molecular biomarker of POAG and highlight the importance of larger studies to validate these findings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148764409","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ginkgo Biloba Standardized Extract EGb 761 Reduces Light and Toxin-Induced Photoreceptor Cell Damage via Regulating Oxidative Stress and Autophagy.","authors":"Qiufeng Teng, Maryam Chudhary, Wenkang Dong, Yang Yu, Yulang Meng, Jinjuan Lv, Siyang Liu, Bing Wang, Xiang Ren","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2715153","DOIUrl":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2715153","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Retinal degeneration (RD) is the common ocular pathogenesis characterized by photoreceptor cell dysfunction. Increasing evidence has shown that the accumulation of 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) is closely associated with RD. <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> special extract EGb 761 has been widely used to prevent and treat certain diseases. In this study, we investigated the effect of EGb 761 on photoreceptor cell damage in retinal degeneration and related mechanism.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong><i>Balb/c</i> mice and 661w cells were used <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. CCK8 was used to measure the cell viability after 4-HNE or EGb 761 treatment. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL staining. Related gene expression was measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Autophagy was observed by TEM and autophagy flux. ROS production was measured using the DCFH-DA probe.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Electroretinography and H&E staining showed that retinal function and morphology were impaired and the expression of LC3 and p62 was decreased or increased and the expressions of anti-oxidative stress-related genes Trx1, Sod2 and Glrx1 were reduced after light damage, EGb 761 treatment ameliorated these processes. After 4-HNE treatment <i>in vitro</i>, the fraction of apoptotic cells was increased and the expression of Bax was increased and Bcl2 was decreased. ROS generation was increased and the expression of Sod2 and Glrx1 was reduced. Furthermore, autophagy was dysregulated, the expression of p62 was increased, and the LC3II/LC3I level was decreased. TEM and autophagic flux showed that autophagosomes accumulated. EGb 761 treatment alleviated these impairments. However, apoptotic cells increased significantly, ROS generation increased and the expression of p-AMPK, p-ERK and Nrf2 was decreased after AMPK inhibitor Compound C treatment, compared with 4-HNE and EGb 761 alone treatment groups.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>EGb 761 exerts a protective effect on photoreceptor cell damage in retinal degeneration. This process was associated with a modification of the AMPK/ERK signaling pathway that regulates oxidative stress and autophagy.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148720096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SGLT2i Canagliflozin Exerts Neuroprotection in Diabetic Retinopathy by Inhibiting Microglial Proinflammatory Cytokine Release by Downregulating the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 Pathway.","authors":"Tai Guo, Yue Liu, Mengxia He, Yuling Lian, Xiyu Wu, Hanpeng Zhao, Xiaohong Chen, Zhixin Mo, Yuman Li, Mingsi Chi, Xiaofeng Huang, Dejia Fang, Qianli Meng, Shangli Jin, Ning Hou, Ying Cui","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2714720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2714720","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of preventable blindness among working-age adults. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is), first-line treatments for diabetes mellitus (DM), have demonstrated efficacy in decelerating DR progression. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates how canagliflozin (CANA), an SGLT2 inhibitor, exerts neuroprotective effects in DR by suppressing microglial proinflammatory cytokine release.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Using high-fat diet (HFD) and streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice and BV-2 microglial cells under high glucose (HG) conditions, we elucidate the mechanistic link between CANA and neuroinflammation suppression in DR. Retinal structure and function were assessed using optical coherence tomography and electroretinography. Protein was evaluated <i>via</i> Western blotting, immunostaining, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>CANA demonstrated significant neuroprotective effects in diabetic retinopathy (DR) by attenuating microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. In HFD and STZ-induced diabetic mice, the ganglion cell complex thickness and a-wave and b-wave amplitudes decreased (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CANA upregulated the ganglion cell complex thickness (<i>p</i> < 0.05) and TSPO expression (<i>p</i> < 0.05), and tended to increase a-wave and b-wave amplitudes (<i>p</i> > 0.05) in retinas in DM mice. In BV-2 cells, HG activated BV-2 cells, downregulated TSPO expression, and promoted proinflammatory cytokine release, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) expression, and nuclear translocation of p65 and phosphorylated p65 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). CANA reduced BV-2 cell viability, upregulated TSPO, while suppressing proinflammatory cytokine release, TLR4 and NLRP3 expression, and nuclear translocation of p65 and phosphorylated p65 (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Notably, CANA inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway, evidenced by reduced TLR4/NLRP3 protein levels and diminished nuclear translocation of p65 and phosphorylated p65 in microglia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>These findings identify CANA as a promising therapeutic candidate for DR, acting through TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3-dependent modulation of microglial activation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148711511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mechano-Vascular Considerations in Duane Syndrome: An OCTA Study of Macular Perfusion.","authors":"Soner Güven, Mutluay Bozoklu, Sedat Arikan","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2714718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2714718","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To compare macular vessel density (VD) between Duane syndrome (DS) patients and healthy controls using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In this prospective study, age- and sex-matched DS patients and healthy controls underwent OCTA using a Topcon DRI OCT-1 Triton device. VD was measured in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP), deep capillary plexus (DCP), outer retina (OR), and choriocapillaris (CC) across five macular quadrants (central, nasal, temporal, superior, inferior). The Benjamini-Hochberg procedure was applied to control the false discovery rate (FDR) across 20 primary comparisons. Generalized estimating equations accounted for inter-eye correlations.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The study included 114 eyes from 64 participants (29 DS patients, 43 eyes; 35 control subjects, 71 eyes). Groups were comparable in age, sex, axial length, and other baseline characteristics (all <i>p</i> > 0.05). Before correction, DS patients showed nominally higher central SCP VD (22.55 ± 5.9% vs. 21.8 ± 5.2%, <i>p</i> = 0.031) and nominally lower VD in the DCP inferior quadrant (45.81 ± 5.7% vs. 48.19 ± 2.6%, <i>p</i> = 0.011), CC temporal quadrant (53.32 ± 2.6% vs. 54.21 ± 1.9%, <i>p</i> = 0.037), and CC superior quadrant (51.09 ± 3.5% vs. 52.7 ± 2.5%, <i>p</i> = 0.010). After Benjamini-Hochberg FDR correction, none of these differences retained statistical significance (all <i>q</i> > 0.05). No differences were observed in the OR (all <i>p</i> > 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this clinical study, no statistically significant macular vascular differences were identified between DS patients and healthy controls after rigorous correction for multiple comparisons. However, observed trends toward central SCP hyperperfusion and regional DCP and CC hypoperfusion generate hypotheses regarding potential mechano-vascular effects of chronic extraocular muscle co-contraction in DS. These findings warrant confirmation in larger prospective cohorts with pre-specified primary outcomes.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700816","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Is Residual Accommodation Masking True Myopia Progression? Insights from Dynamic Accommodation Analysis.","authors":"Jessica Gomes, Sandra Franco","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2715210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2715210","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Understanding the mechanisms of dynamic accommodation is essential for improving the understanding and management of progressive myopia. This study compared dynamic and residual accommodation patterns between stable and progressive myopes.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Accommodative response, residual accommodation, microfluctuations, and response times were assessed in 18 myopic participants classified as stable (<i>n</i> = 10) or progressive (<i>n</i> = 8). Measurements were obtained in the relaxed state and during/after 1.00D, 2.45D, and 4.73D stimuli using a real-time Shack-Hartmann aberrometer.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Progressive myopes showed higher residual accommodation after 2.45D (<i>p</i> = 0.014) and 4.73D (<i>p</i> = 0.008), a pattern not observed in stable myopes. They also exhibited greater accommodative instability, with significantly increased microfluctuations during 4.73D stimulus (<i>p</i> = 0.001). Regarding residual accommodation, microfluctuations increased after removal of the 1.00D and 2.45D stimuli in both stable (<i>p</i> = 0.008; <i>p</i> = 0.032) and progressive myopes (<i>p</i> = 0.002; <i>p</i> = 0.016), although values after 2.45D were significantly higher in progressive myopes than in stable myopes (<i>p</i> = 0.042). Progressive myopes also showed longer disaccommodative response time after the 2.45D stimulus (<i>p</i> = 0.032).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Although accommodative responses during stimulation were similar between stable and progressive myopes, residual accommodation, microfluctuations, and disaccommodative response times differed between groups and may represent relevant factors in progressive myopia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Morning and Evening Narrowband Blue Light and Myopic Defocus on Axial Length in Humans.","authors":"Swapnil Thakur, Harnish Khudkhudia, Padmaja Sankaridurg, Pavan K Verkicharla","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2709886","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2709886","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To investigate the effects of morning and evening narrowband blue light exposure on axial length, and to examine the short-term effect of morning blue light combined with myopic defocus on axial length.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>For objective 1, 18 individuals underwent 60 minutes of narrowband blue light exposure (460 nm) in the morning (9:00-11:00 AM) and evening (5:00-7:00 PM) of the same day. The axial length values were normalized to the average of the morning and evening axial length values. For objective 2, 27 young adults were exposed to 60 minutes of narrowband blue light while wearing <i>a</i> + 3.00 D lens over the right eye. Broadband white light was the control condition in both experiments. Axial length was measured using Lenstar LS900.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In the first objective, a significant reduction in axial length was observed after exposure to morning blue light compared to evening blue light (-10.0 ± 3.96 µm vs.-0.67 ± 3.30 µm; <i>p</i> = 0.02), whereas no such effect was observed with broadband white light exposure (0.0 ± 3.53 µm vs. -2.50 ± 4.23 µm, <i>p</i> = 0.70). While the broadband white light exposure did not alter the normal diurnal variation in axial length (+2.35 ± 1.82 µm vs.-6.25 ± 2.21 µm, <i>p</i> = 0.04), blue light diminished such a pattern (-4.12 ± 1.72 µm vs. -2.00 ± 2.00 µm, <i>p</i> = 0.48). In the second objective, the myopic defocus did not influence axial length under either narrowband blue or broadband white light conditions.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The short-term narrowband blue light exposure led to a significant decrease in axial length in the morning than evening exposure, with a likely influence on the daily variation of the morning-evening difference in axial length. Morning blue light exposure with lens-induced myopic defocus did not provide additional short-term modulation of axial length.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-10"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148700844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluating the Impact of Interocular Suppression on Retinal Microvasculature in Intermittent Exotropia by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.","authors":"Havvanur Bayraktar, Idil Celen Arabaci, Emrullah Simsek, Murat Karapapak, Cengiz Gül, Havva Kaldirim","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2713386","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2713386","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>To evaluate retinal microvascular alterations in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA), with particular emphasis on differences between suppressed and non-suppressed eyes and their relationship with deviation magnitude.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this prospective observational study, patients with IXT and age and sex matched healthy controls underwent macular OCTA imaging. Vessel densities of the superficial (SCP) and deep capillary plexuses (DCP), as well as the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) area, were quantified and analyzed across four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal). Intergroup comparisons were performed among suppressed, non-suppressed, and control eyes, and subgroup analyses were conducted based on deviation magnitude (<40 and ≥40 prism diopters).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 57 patients with intermittent exotropia (114 eyes) and 57 healthy controls (57 eyes), no significant differences were found in SCP vessel densities across groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In contrast, DCP vessel density was significantly higher in the nasal (<i>p</i> = 0.001) and superior (<i>p</i> = 0.015) quadrants of both suppressed and non-suppressed eyes compared with controls, with no interocular differences between the two eye groups. The FAZ area likewise showed no significant variation among groups (<i>p</i> = 0.776). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that the increase in nasal DCP vessel density persisted in both small to moderate (<40 prism diopters) and large angle (≥40 prism diopters) exotropia.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Patients with IXT exhibited quadrant-specific increases in DCP vessel density in both suppressed and non-suppressed eyes compared with healthy controls, whereas SCP vessel density and FAZ area remained unchanged. The absence of interocular differences in DCP vessel density suggests that the observed retinal microvascular alterations are associated with IXT regardless of suppression status.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148683662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isotretinoin and Dry Eye Disease: A Systematic Review.","authors":"Fredrik Andreas Fineide, Sjur Reppe, Panagiota Mantaka, George Kroumpouzos, Ayyad Zartasht Khan, Elin Bohman, Miriam Kolko, Sten Ræder, Tor Paaske Utheim","doi":"10.1080/02713683.2026.2713384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/02713683.2026.2713384","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Purpose: </strong>Isotretinoin reduces the production and spread of sebaceous glands in the skin but can also affect the sebaceous glands of the eyelids, the meibomian glands, leading to dry eye disease (DED). The purpose of this study is to systematically review the evidence regarding the effects of isotretinoin on ocular surface parameters and its association to DED.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (<i>via</i> Ovid), Embase, Scopus, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. Independent screening of titles, abstracts and full-text articles was performed by two authors.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 43 articles were included in this review. Across prospective studies evaluating ocular surface parameters, worsening of dry eye symptoms and objective signs of ocular surface disease was frequently reported, particularly for measures of meibomian gland structure and function. Six studies evaluated interventions intended to reduce isotretinoin-associated adverse effects, of which four reported improvements in symptoms or ocular surface parameters.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Dry eye disease appears to be a common and potentially serious side effect of isotretinoin. The drug may cause persistent alterations to the sebaceous glands in some patients, although the long-term extent and clinical significance remain uncertain. Patients should be informed about potential ocular complications and screened for symptoms of DED before and during isotretinoin treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10782,"journal":{"name":"Current Eye Research","volume":" ","pages":"1-9"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2026-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148673112","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}