Current drug safety最新文献

{"title":"Treatment Modalities for Trigeminal Neuralgia and the Need for Vigilance in Monitoring Adverse Drug Events: A Case Report.","authors":"Raja Narendra Divakar Addanki, Anjali Srikanth Mannava, Hemasri Velmurugan, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju","doi":"10.2174/0115748863215954231214073053","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748863215954231214073053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Trigeminal neuralgia is a rare condition characterised by paroxysms of intense pain in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve. This condition significantly diminishes the patient's quality of life, and the side effects from chronic use of medications for symptomatic relief further exacerbate their distress.</p><p><strong>Case description: </strong>The case report discusses a patient diagnosed with Trigeminal Neuralgia who commenced carbamazepine treatment. The report tracks the disease's progression, medication adjustments, and the eventual emergence of vertigo due to long-term carbamazepine use.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The article covers fundamental information about trigeminal neuralgia and its management and also offers a comprehensive review of the basics of vertigo. It delves into carbamazepine's mechanism of action and its associated side effects. The paper also looks at prospective therapy changes that could improve patients' quality of life.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"482-488"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139416595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multiple Sclerosis Risk Among Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Users: A Methodological Review of Observational Studies Based on Real-world Data.","authors":"Lingyi Li, Mahyar Etminan, Gilaad G Kaplan, Helen Tremlett, Hui Xie, J Antonio Aviña-Zubieta","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230726162245","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230726162245","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Epidemiologic studies on the risk of multiple sclerosis (MS) or demyelinating events associated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) use among patients with rheumatic diseases or inflammatory bowel diseases have shown conflicting results. Causal directed acyclic graphs (cDAGs) are useful tools for understanding the differing results and identifying the structure of potential contributing biases. Most of the available literature on cDAGs uses language that might be unfamiliar to clinicians. This article demonstrates how cDAGs can be used to determine whether there is a confounder, a mediator or collider-stratification bias and when to adjust for them appropriately. We also use a case study to show how to control for potential biases by drawing a cDAG depicting anti-TNFα use and its potential to contribute to MS onset. Finally, we describe potential biases that might have led to contradictory results in previous studies that examined the effect of anti-TNFα and MS, including confounding, confounding by contraindication, and bias due to measurement error. Clinicians and researchers should be cognizant of confounding, confounding by contraindication, and bias due to measurement error when reviewing future studies on the risk of MS or demyelinating events associated with anti-TNFα use. cDAGs are a useful tool for selecting variables and identifying the structure of different biases that can affect the validity of observational studies.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"200-207"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9877078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amphotericin-B-Induced Chronic Kidney Disease in a Post-COVID-19 Patient with Widespread Rhinocerebral Mucormycosis and Pneumonia: A Case Report.","authors":"Nishant Johri, Ambika Choudhary, Ujjawal Rawat, Maheshwari Vengat","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230804101539","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230804101539","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a unique challenge to the medical community due to potential co-infections with bacteria and fungi. We report a case of Rhino cerebral mucormycosis infection in a 67-year-old patient after recovery from COVID-19.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To report a case of Rhino cerebral mucormycosis in a 67-year-old patient with preexisting health conditions after recovering from COVID-19 and to highlight the importance of early detection and treatment of co-infections in patients with pre-existing health conditions.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>The patient had pre-existing health conditions, including uncontrolled diabetes, hypertension, and Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which made him more vulnerable to complications after COVID-19. He was admitted to the hospital after experiencing a dark discharge from his left eye, later confirmed to be due to mucormycosis. Histopathological examination revealed invasive mucormycosis, highlighting the importance of early detection and treatment. However, the patient experienced Acute kidney injury (AKI) after only 5 days of treatment with conventional amphotericin B, underscoring the need for careful monitoring and adjustment of treatment regimens.</p><p><strong>Discussion: </strong>The case underscores the need for early detection and treatment of co-infections in vulnerable patients. The patient's pre-existing conditions and immunocompromised state made him more susceptible to the infection. The case also highlights the importance of careful monitoring and adjustment of treatment regimens to minimize the risk of adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>While COVID-19 has presented challenges and uncertainties, it has also provided valuable insights into the interactions between infectious agents and the human body. Continued research and vigilance are necessary to mitigate the impact of co-infections and improve outcomes for patients.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"474-477"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9988645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Incidence and Severity of Adverse Drug Reactions in Medical Intensive Care Unit.","authors":"Sana Shaikh, Asawari Raut, Prajkta Jambhale, Shivkumar Iyer, Jignesh Shah","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230816090606","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230816090606","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) curtail patients' quality of life by virtue of increasing therapeutic complexity and rising multimorbidity. In India, the frequency of ADRs for individual drugs and their economic burdens are rarely evaluated. This study aimed at identifying the incidence and severity of ADRs leading to hospitalization (ADRA) and occurring during a hospital stay (ADRH).</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence the incidence and severity of ADRs in the ICU and their impact on the duration of hospitalization, along with the cost incurred to treat ADRs in the ICU.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Demographic, clinical, and pharmacological data on patients admitted to the ICU were collected, analyzed and evaluated for ADRs. According to the setting analyzed, a descriptive analysis of the reactions, suspected medicines, and associated factors was undertaken.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 208 patients were admitted to the ICU during the study period, of which ADRA contributed 9.1% of the incidence rate and 8.1% of ADRH in 36 patients. Males had a higher incidence of ADRs than females. Patients who had ADRs had a substantially longer length of stay than those who did not. Electrolyte disturbance was the most commonly found ADR. According to the Hartwig scale and WHO-causality scale, 88.9% were moderate, and 97.2% were possible ADRs, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>In this study, a similar incidence rate of ADRA and ADRH was observed. The average cost for treating ADRA was higher than that for treating ADRH. As a result, identifying and preventing these reactions is critical, as they cause the patient greater suffering.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"332-341"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10014614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Polymeric Micelles as Drug Delivery System: Recent Advances, Approaches, Applications and Patents.","authors":"Anushka Jain, Kamini Bhardwaj, Mukesh Bansal","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230605120433","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230605120433","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Administering therapeutics through the oral route is a pervasive and widely approved medication administration approach. However, it has been found that many drugs show low systemic absorption when delivered through this route. Such limitations of oral drug delivery can be overcome by polymeric micelles acting as vehicles. As a result, they improve drug absorption by protecting loaded drug substances from the gastrointestinal system's hostile conditions, allowing controlled drug release at a specific site, extending the time spent in the gut through mucoadhesion, and inhibiting the efflux pump from reducing therapeutic agent accumulation. To promote good oral absorption of a weakly water-soluble medicinal drug, the loaded medicine should be protected from the hostile atmosphere of the GI tract. Polymeric micelles can be stacked with a broad assortment of ineffectively dissolvable medications, improving bioavailability. This review discusses the major mechanism, various types, advantages, and limitations for developing the polymeric micelle system and certain micellar drug delivery system applications. The primary goal of this review is to illustrate how polymeric micelles can be used to deliver poorly water-soluble medications.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"163-171"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9764005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Amoxicillin Induced Fever, Rash, and Catatonia - A Case Study.","authors":"Chunnu Kumar Yadav, Rajat Ranka, Prasan Kumar Panda, Bishal Pratap Shah, Mayank Kumar Mishra, Vijay Krishnan","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230308094209","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230308094209","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are defined as any harmful or unpleasant events or injuries resulting from the use of any particular drug. Among those antibiotics that cause adverse reactions, amoxicillin is one of them. Catatonia and vasculitic rash are its rare adverse effects.</p><p><strong>Case presentation: </strong>A 23-year-old postpartum female, with a history of taking empirical Amoxiclav (amoxicillin-clavulanic acid 625 mg) injection and oral tablets for episiotomy wound, presented with altered sensorium and fever followed by maculopapular rash. On examination, she had generalized rigidity with waxy flexibility that improved by lorazepam challenge and was diagnosed as catatonia. On evaluation, amoxicillin was found to be precipitating catatonia in this patient.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Since the diagnosis of catatonia is often missed, any cases with clinical presentation of fever, rash, altered sensorium, and generalized rigidity should also be suspected for druginduced ADR and the precipitating factor should be searched for.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"282-285"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9077524","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Methotrexate-induced Severe Pancytopenia in a Patient with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Case Report and Review of Literature.","authors":"Elham Hosseini, Foroud Shahbazi","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230516115737","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230516115737","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Toxicity associated with low doses of methotrexate (MTX) is low, but it may be fatal. Bone marrow suppression and mucositis are among the common side effects of low dose MTX toxicity. Different risk factors have been reported for toxicities associated with low doses of MTX, including accidental use of higher doses, renal dysfunction, hypoalbuminemia, and polypharmacy. In this paper, we present a female patient who had mistakenly used 7.5 mg of MTX daily instead of the same dose of MTX on Thursday and Friday. She was presented with mucositis and diarrhea to the emergency department. Moreover, we searched the databases Scopus and PubMed for available studies and case reports on toxicities associated with MTX dosing errors. The most frequently observed toxicities included gastrointestinal lesions, nausea, vomiting, skin lesions, and bone marrow suppression. Leucovorin, hydration, and urine alkalinization were among the most frequently used treatments. Finally, we summarize the data on the toxicities of low doses of MTX in different diseases.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"224-235"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9469702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification of Novel Signals Associated with US-FDA Approved Drugs (2013) Using Disproportionality Analysis.","authors":"Sourabh Raghuvanshi, Mohammad Akhlaquer Rahman, Mahesh Kumar Posa, Anoop Kumar","doi":"10.2174/0115748863276447231108092936","DOIUrl":"10.2174/0115748863276447231108092936","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Drugs are related with various adverse drug reactions (ADRs), however, many unexpected ADRs of drugs are reported through post-marketing surveillance.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The current study's goal is to uncover potential signals connected with FDA-approved medications in the United States (2013).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Open Vigil 2.1-MedDRA-v24 (data 20004Q1-2021Q3) was used as a tool to query the FAERS data. To find possible signals, disproportionality measures such as Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR 2) with associated Chi-square value, Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR 2) with 95% confidence interval, and case count (3) were calculated.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of eight potential signals were identified with five drugs. Positive signals were found with pomalidomide, canagliflozin, dolutegravir sodium, macitentan and ibrutinib.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>However, further causality assessment is required to confirm the association of these drugs with identified potential signals.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"395-401"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138290574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacists' Medication Reconciliation Interventions During Admission and Transfer from an Emergency Department at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Randomized Pilot Study and Evaluation of Physician and Patient Perceptions.","authors":"Ashitha George Joseph, Santra Saji, Anagha Nivrutti Kumbhar, G Shivakumar, Ramesh Bhandari, M S Ganachari","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230911144912","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230911144912","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Aim: </strong>The study aimed to assess the impact of pharmacist interventions during the transition of care.</p><p><strong>Background: </strong>Medication discrepancies can occur at various levels of transition, such as during admission, the transition from emergency to special wards or from special to general wards, and during discharge. Discrepancies can be detected through the process of medication reconciliation.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The objective of the study was to compare discrepancies among patients exposed to pharmacist intervention groups and those who were not and assess the perception of healthcare professionals and patients towards integrating pharmacists in the transition care process.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A pharmacist-led interventional study was conducted for six months on patients above 18 years of age and either sex who were admitted to the emergency department, had chronic diseases, and subsequently transferred to another department (any). The patients were randomized into intervention and control groups. The pharmacist performed a medication reconciliation and medication review to identify discrepancies in every transition in both the groups, and then reported to the treating physician to resolve in the intervention group.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the 73 patients recruited in the study, 152 discrepancies were identified. The total discrepancies observed in the control and intervention groups were 78 (51.3%) and 74 (48.6%), respectively. The majority, 35.53%, were found during the transition from emergency to special wards. The physician, upon pharmacist recommendations, accepted and resolved 48 discrepancies in the intervention group. The healthcare professional acceptance rate of pharmacist interventions was 64.86%.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The transitions of care are at risk for errors due to medication discrepancies, and pharmacists could potentially identify and resolve discrepancies. Healthcare professionals and patients reported to be satisfied by the involvement of clinical pharmacists in the healthcare team.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"368-376"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10215338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Penicillamine-induced Stevens Johnson Syndrome-toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (SJS-TEN) Overlap in an HIV-infected Patient with Wilson's Disease and Hepatitis B.","authors":"Namrata Chhabra, Papireddy Shivareddy Meghana Reddy, Ayush Bhatnagar, Satyaki Ganguly","doi":"10.2174/1574886318666230525102008","DOIUrl":"10.2174/1574886318666230525102008","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) are severe adverse drug reactions characterized by widespread blistering and mucositis. Wilson's disease is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that results in excessive copper accumulation in the body, where penicillamine is an effective treatment option for copper chelation. Penicillamineinduced SJS-TEN is a rare but potentially fatal adverse effect. There is increased susceptibility to SJS/TEN in HIV infection due to immunosuppression and chronic liver disease due to impaired hepatic function.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To diagnose and manage the occurrence of the rare severe adverse cutaneous drug reactions in the backdrop of immunosuppression and chronic liver disease.</p><p><strong>Case report: </strong>We are reporting penicillamine-induced SJS-TEN overlap in a 30-year-old male with Wilson's disease, HIV and Hepatitis B who was treated with intravenous immunoglobulins. The patient later developed neurotrophic ulcer in the right cornea as a delayed sequela.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our case report emphasizes that there is an increased predisposition to SJS/TEN in immunocompromised and chronic liver disease patients. Physicians should be well aware of the potential danger of SJS/TEN in this subset of patients, even while prescribing a relatively safer drug.</p>","PeriodicalId":10777,"journal":{"name":"Current drug safety","volume":" ","pages":"295-298"},"PeriodicalIF":1.5,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9524148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}