Current Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Rapid Anti-Depressant Relief by Ketamine: Exploring A Complex Mechanism of Action","authors":"K. Blum, T. Pappas, B. Clifton, D. Baron, Margaret A. Madigan, L. Lott, M. Moran, C. Clifton, Scott Worrich, E. Clarke, B. Boyett, A. Bowirrat, M. Gold","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666190827150018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666190827150018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Suicide rates and narcotic overdose have doubled since 2000.\u0000At least 30 percent of people with major depression are Treatment-Resistant (TR) and\u0000require novel therapeutics. ketamine at low doses has been shown in clinical trials to\u0000induce a rapid, short-lived anti-suicide and anti-depressant effect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000To review the potential mechanism of action of ketamines’ alleviation of\u0000depressive symptoms from both animal and available human literature.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is a synthesis of information from papers listed in PUBMED Central.\u0000Although not exhaustive, this review highlights the most compelling work in the field\u0000related to this remarkable clinical rapid anti-depressant effect.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000While there have been several theories and with some scientific evidence to\u0000date, the conclusion here is that currently, an exact and acceptable mechanism of\u0000action (MOA) for ketamines’ rapid anti-depressant effect is not apparent. The MOA of\u0000this compound with psychoactive abuse potential at a higher dosage and acute antidepressive\u0000effect in the most resistant patients is unknown.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Possible MOAs reviewed, include dopamine receptor modulation through\u0000epigenetic neuroadaptation via specific D1/D2 antagonism, D1 activation using optogenetic\u0000stimulation, and the role of D2/D3 availability in the ketamine therapeutic action.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Unraveling MOA could guide the development of other unique Psychoplastogens\u0000capable of rapidly promoting structural and functional neural plasticity in\u0000cases of TR Major Depressive Episodes (MDE) and unipolar Major Depression Disorder\u0000(MDD).\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75204641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet Our Associate Editor","authors":"M. Gold","doi":"10.2174/221155600802190919105152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221155600802190919105152","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77518188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Low-Dose Lithium for Long-Term Treatment of Clozapine- Induced Neutropenia: A Case Series","authors":"M. Baig","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666190130165540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666190130165540","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Treatment-resistant psychosis makes schizophrenia a disabling\u0000and costly illness. Clozapine is an effective treatment for treatment-resistant psychosis,\u0000though it is underutilized mainly due to prescribing providers’ fear of a serious yet uncommon\u0000complication, clozapine-induced neutropenia. Clozapine-induced neutropenia\u0000predisposes patients to potentially life-threatening infections leading prescribers to stop use\u0000when blood counts start to drop even well above the recommended cut-off point. Colonystimulating\u0000factors are effective options for reducing risk and duration of neutropeniarelated\u0000events though they add a significant cost burden to the patient and healthcare system.\u0000There is a great need for feasible and cost-effective pharmacotherapies in the mental\u0000health care setting for the management of clozapine-induced neutropenia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000We evaluated adjunctive use of lithium when prescribed at a low-dose to stabilize\u0000dropping blood count in patients receiving clozapine for treatment-resistant psychosis.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 A case series analysis of three patients who were followed in a mental\u0000health outpatient clinic for the management of schizophrenia. Blood counts of all the patients\u0000were stabilized by low-dose lithium treatment and continued to receive long term\u0000treatment of clozapine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Results suggest low-dose lithium as a feasible and cost-effective pharmacotherapeutic\u0000option enabling the continuation of clozapine, an effective treatment for\u0000treatment-resistant psychosis.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85608214","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Neurosteroids and Affective Disorders in Women","authors":"Rodrigo Guiza-Zayas, M. Flores-Ramos, N. Bernal-Santamaría, María Fernanda Del-Pino Mijares, Marián Serna-García","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666190724113554","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666190724113554","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Neurosteroids (NS) are steroid derived molecules synthesized in\u0000the central nervous system (CNS) involved in modulating brain transmission by its activity\u0000on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors; this interaction has been identified as an\u0000important factor in the pathophysiology of affective disorders.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The aim of the present paper is to describe the relation of neurosteroids with affective\u0000disorders in women and novel treatments in this regard in an understandable and\u0000synthesized review of the subject.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000A thoroughly made research has been performed in order to find the latest information\u0000in this regard using scientific databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar using\u0000the keywords Neurosteroids, affective disorders, depression, postpartum depression\u0000and dysphoric premenstrual disorder.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000It has been seen that NS levels during physiological fluctuation such as during\u0000menstrual cycle or postpartum may modify the response to GABA by GABA-A receptors\u0000in susceptible women. Recent pharmacological assays have been developed in order to\u0000treat affective disorders in women focusing on NS fluctuations.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Within this paper, we review recent findings in NS modulating mechanisms,\u0000its pathophysiological implications in affective disorders and recent clinical assays in this\u0000regard.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75923453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Second Generation Antipsychotics, as Augmentative Plan, in Treatment-Resistant Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder","authors":"S. Shafti, H. Kaviani","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666190314113446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666190314113446","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Since around half of the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder\u0000do not respond efficiently to current serotonin- reuptake inhibitors, the objective of\u0000the present study was to compare the effectiveness and safety of quetiapine against aripiprazole\u0000in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, who had not responded successfully\u0000to fluvoxamine.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Forty-four patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, who had not responded\u0000efficaciously to fluvoxamine, at maximum dose (300 milligrams per day) and duration\u0000(twelve weeks), were allocated randomly in a double-blind assessment to take quetiapine\u0000(n=22) or aripiprazole (n=22), plus their serotonin-reuptake inhibitor for twelve weeks.\u0000While treatment response was evaluated by the Yale- Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale\u0000(YBOCS), as the main outcome scale, Clinical Global Impressions-Severity Scale (CGI-S)\u0000was also used as an ancillary measure.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u000054.54% of patients in the quetiapine group and 27.27% of them in the aripiprazole\u0000group responded partially to the abovementioned on treatment adds. According to the findings,\u0000the YBOCS score dropped from 31.18+/-4.93 to 27.97+/-3.71 (p<0.01), and 33.27 +/- 3.90\u0000to 30.72+/-4.67 (p < 0.06), for quetiapine and aripiprazole, respectively. In this regard, no\u0000substantial alteration regarding CGI-S was evident in each of the aforementioned groups.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This assessment indicated that patients with treatment-resistant obsessivecompulsive\u0000disorder could benefit more from adding quetiapine, in comparison with aripiprazole,\u0000to their current serotonergic medication.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"87 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88543646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic Review of Local Studies Regarding Efficiency of Add-On Medications on Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A Meta-Analysis","authors":"S. Shafti","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666190405143828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666190405143828","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000While negative symptoms are connected with poor functioning\u0000and quality of life, pharmacological managements have imperfect effects on deficit syndrome\u0000and may even subsidize or aggravate secondary negative symptoms. Meanwhile,\u0000management of negative symptoms by means of add-on medications has resulted in instable\u0000consequences.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000In the current tryout, some of the indigenous systematic issued studies have\u0000been the theme of a new meta-analysis, to assess the effectiveness of adjunctive psychotropic\u0000drugs on deficit syndrome of schizophrenia.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Twelve randomized placebo-control trials (n=433), which had been implemented\u0000in Razi psychiatric hospital in the last 14 years, had been selected for the present analysis.\u0000As a shared protocol, all cases had been selected amongst the male inpatients, who were\u0000hospitalized in chronic section of the hospice and had been diagnosed schizophrenia in line\u0000with “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th edition, Text Revision”.\u0000In this regard, the aforesaid samples had been entered into matching-group, double-blind\u0000assessments for random assignment to a psychotropic medication (like antidepressant, benzodiazepine,\u0000psycho-stimulant, Acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors) or placebo in addition to\u0000their current drug. In these trials, “Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS)”\u0000had been used as the main outcome measure for evaluation of negative symptoms. Also,\u0000response was defined as a decrease in >20% in the severity of SANS score (over-all and/or\u0000sub-scales).\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000While the heterogeneity of the present meta-analysis was intermediate, the “Combined\u0000Effect Size” of the aforesaid assessments has revealed a significant influence respecting\u0000efficiency of psychotropic drugs on negative symptoms of schizophrenia (OR =\u00005.40, CI=2.69- 10.85, z= 5.32, p<0.000). Similar results, as well, could be found in connection\u0000with various negative symptoms. In this regard, ‘Anhedonia-Asociality’ showed the\u0000best “Combined Effect Size”, afterwards “Affective Blunting”, “Avolitio -Apathy”, “Attention\u0000Deficit”, and last of all “Alogia”. “Heterogeneity” of all said analysis was insignificant\u0000and therefore appropriate.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 According to the findings, psychotropic drugs, as add-on medications, have\u0000valuable influence in regard to amelioration of negative symptoms of schizophrenia.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81045148","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sertraline Associated with REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Case Report","authors":"S. Mansouripour, Dharmendra Kumar","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666190802101939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666190802101939","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is manifested by abnormal\u0000motor behavior with an endurance of tone during REM sleep. Studies suggest that patients\u0000taking Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are at greater risk of developing\u0000REM sleep behavior disorder.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 We present a case of 39-year-old female with a past medical history of\u0000spinal cord injury from a gunshot wound 19 years ago resulting in paraplegia, posttraumatic\u0000stress disorder(PTSD), chronic pain, and chronic sleep problem. After sertraline\u0000started and up-titrated to 200 mg for her anxiety, she noticed worsening of her nighttime\u0000sleep behavior. Her mother also witnessed sleepwalking episode and doing things which\u0000the patient had no recollection in the morning, including trying to take a bath and eat from\u0000the refrigerator. On her follow-up appointment, her sertraline was discontinued altogether\u0000and she was started on Escitalopram 5 mg. She tolerated the medication well, it helped\u0000moderately with her anxiety and by the time of this case report (approximately 1 month)\u0000patient did not report any sleep-related behavior.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Since antidepressant medication is very commonly prescribed, it is important\u0000to be cautious of physiologic changes they may induce, even if the clinical significance of\u0000these changes is not fully elucidated. In addition, RBD may predict neurodegenerative disorders\u0000a couple of years earlier, so it may be used as an effective early marker of neurodegenerative\u0000diseases.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73221393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Pilot Study of Plasma Antipsychotic Drugs Concentrations of First Episode Patients with Psychosis From Epirus - Greece","authors":"V. Boumba, P. Petrikis, L. Patteet, M. Baou, Georgios N. Rallis, A. Metsios, A. Karampas, K. Maudens, V. Mavreas","doi":"10.2174/1573412914666180611110805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1573412914666180611110805","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 This contribution is a study on plasma antipsychotics concentrations\u0000of first episode outpatients with psychosis (FEPs), under antipsychotic treatment; it aims to\u0000attract attention to the importance of the drug-driven management of psychiatric patients for\u0000improving adherence and clinical efficacy.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The plasma antipsychotic concentrations were determined retrospectively (after the\u0000completion of selection of all samples) and therefore, they were not used to monitor patients’\u0000response to pharmacotherapy. A total of 120 plasma samples from 35 psychiatric patients\u0000were collected and tested for antipsychotics. The concentrations of eight antipsychotic drugs\u0000(amisulpride, aripiprazole, clozapine, haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine, risperidone and\u0000paliperidone) and seven of their metabolites were determined.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Overall, 74% of the samples had therapeutic antipsychotic levels, 19% had subtherapeutic\u0000concentrations, while supra-therapeutic concentrations were measured for clozapine\u0000(7%). Therapeutic drug concentrations were recorded in 54% of plasma samples from patients\u0000being under olanzapine medication and in all patients under long-acting injectables.\u0000Sub-therapeutic levels were either attributed to non-adherence, or they reflected residual levels\u0000due to medication changes. Supra-therapeutic levels were recorded for clozapine and were\u0000not followed by adverse effects.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000This is the first study on antipsychotic plasma levels conducted in Greece. Our\u0000results show the importance of performing measurement of plasma antipsychotics levels, at\u0000appropriate time intervals, for improving adherence, clinical decision making and thus clinical\u0000efficacy. Especially for FEPs, such approach could contribute to early detection of treatment\u0000limitations and improve outcome.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"20 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91485269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Assessment of ‘Sleepiness’ in Human Drug Trials: A New Perspective","authors":"M. Johns","doi":"10.2174/2211556007666180503170231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556007666180503170231","url":null,"abstract":"The investigation of the efficacy and safety of drugs requires assessments of their effects on alertness/sleepiness. Unfortunately, there is confusion about the nature of ‘sleepiness’, the factors which influence it, and how it can be measured under different circumstances. This review aims to clarify these matters and to offer some suggestions about how current difficulties might be overcome. Different meanings of the word ‘sleepiness’ are examined initially. Methods that purport to measure ‘sleepiness’ are then examined, including their testretest reliability and the relationship between the results of different measurements within the same subjects. Some objective methods are found not to be as reliable as was initially reported. Information about the reliability of several other methods is either inadequate or nonexistent. One assumption which underlies two frequently used objective methods for measuring ‘sleepiness’ (the Multiple Sleep Latency Test and the Maintenance of Wakefulness Test) is that the ‘sleepier’ a person is, the quicker they will fall asleep. While this assumption has face validity, other assumptions about these tests are re-examined and are found wanting, at least sometimes. The difficulty arises in part because it is not always clear when the sleep onset process begins and ends. ‘Sleepiness’ is found to be influenced much more by short-term factors, such as the subject’s posture at the time and during the preceding few minutes, than has been acknowledged previously. Some possible solutions to these difficulties are suggested, including a new conceptual model of sleep-wake control, with implications for the design of drug trials.","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80782615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Substance Use Disorder Related to Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa) Use in Malaysia","authors":"Darshan Singh, M. F. I. L. Abdullah, B. Vicknasingam, C. Müller","doi":"10.2174/2405461503666180420120649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2405461503666180420120649","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000 Kratom is a traditional medicinal herb with mild addictive properties.\u0000Nevertheless, current available data on substance use disorder related to kratom use is\u0000scarce. This study aims to clinically evaluate and identify factors that are associated with\u0000kratom use disorder among regular kratom tea/juice users in traditional settings in Malaysia.\u0000\u0000Method: 150 regular kratom users were recruited through convenient sampling for this crosssectional\u0000study. They were interviewed with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview\u0000(M.I.N.I.) to diagnose substance use disorder related to kratom use, while the Ketum Dependence\u0000Scale (KDS) and Clinical Opioid Withdrawal Scale (COWS) were administered to\u0000evaluate kratom dependence and withdrawal severity.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 All subjects were males with the majority being Malays (99%, n=148/150). More\u0000than half were single (n=84/150), had secondary education (91%, n=136/150), and were employed\u0000(93%, n=139/150). Almost all (99%) fulfilled the criteria for substance use disorder\u0000related to kratom use, 95% reported withdrawal symptoms on abstinence, 87% reported\u0000tolerance, and 93% craving for kratom. Results from Chi-square analysis indicated that higher\u0000quantity (>3 glasses) of daily kratom tea/juice consumption was significantly associated\u0000with severe kratom dependence (OR: 2.1: 1.0-4.5: p<.041) and moderate withdrawal (OR:\u00003.1: 1.5-6.3: p<.002). Similarly, those who consumed >3 glasses of brewed kratom tea daily\u0000had higher odds of reporting longer kratom use history (>7 years) (OR: 4.4: 2.2-8.8: p<.001)\u0000and higher frequency of daily kratom use (>5 times) (p<.001), compared to those who consumed\u0000less than three glasses of kratom daily.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 Our findings indicated that regular and chronic (>3 glasses daily) kratom\u0000tea/juice consumption was associated with kratom use disorder, severe kratom dependence\u0000and moderate withdrawal.","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76931339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}