Current Psychopharmacology最新文献

{"title":"Anxiety Disorders’ Effect on College and University Students’ Mental Health: A Common and Growing Concern","authors":"Matthew J. Pesko","doi":"10.2174/2211556009999200408105509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556009999200408105509","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Anxiety disorders are commonly experienced by college and university students\u0000and should be routinely assessed in mental health settings. Epidemiological studies suggest\u0000that the burden of these illnesses has greatly expanded even over the past decade. Factors\u0000that contribute to the experience of an anxiety disorder in a young adult student population\u0000are considered herein. The best practice for evaluation and treatment of these disorders is\u0000presented based on the review of available literature in this field. Special attention is paid\u0000to the concept of resilience as it pertains to anxiety disorders in the student population.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84294126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Role of Neurochemicals in Schizophrenia","authors":"Singh Sher, K. Deepa, Kalra Sanjeev","doi":"10.2174/2211556009666200401150756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556009666200401150756","url":null,"abstract":"Schizophrenia is a complex, unpredictable and severe psychiatric disorder, which affects several domains of cognition, behavior and characterized by positive, negative, and cognitive symptoms. Etiology of schizophrenia represents the involvement of environmental factors, role of genes, social stressors, like discrimination or economic hardship, relationships, childhood difficulty, use of cannabis in adolescence, maternal stress, nutritional deficiencies, maternal infections, intrauterine growth retardation, and complications of pregnancy, while pathophysiology represents dysfunctional neurotransmission of dopamine, stress-associated signaling cascades (gabanergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin, and adrenergic singling cascades) and enzymatic changes (acetylcholinesterase, catechol-o-methyl-transferase, monoamine oxidase, and phosphodiesterase).The objective of the current review is to determine the role of pathophysiological hypothesis impairments leading to positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia.Various pathophysiological hypotheses of schizophrenia were identified through searching relevant databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science up to the year 2019, using the keywords schizophrenia, role of dopamine, acetylcholine, oxidative stress, and inflammation in schizophrenia.Alterations in the neurotransmission of dopamine, stress-associated signaling cascades (Gabanergic, glutamatergic, cholinergic, serotonin, and adrenergic singling cascades) and enzymatic changes (acetylcholinesterase, catechol-o-methyl-transferase, monoamine oxidase, and phosphodiesterase) were compiled in this review for easy learning of Schizophrenia.Schizophrenia is a major illness defined by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior, and cognitive difficulties such as memory loss. This review aims to provide a brief overview of neurotransmitter role as well as other pathophysiological alterations in schizophrenia. A focus on more predictive animal models and specific biomarkers for positive, negative and cognitive symptoms will help to identify and develop novel therapeutic agents with fewer side effects.","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"46 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91184436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact and Sequelae of Sexual Victimization of Graduate and Professional Students","authors":"P. Hemphill, Margaret Reynolds","doi":"10.2174/2211556009999200730115827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556009999200730115827","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Sexual misconduct on university campuses is rampant and underreported,\u0000particularly among graduate and professional students. To combat this, the entire university community,\u0000especially campus clinicians, must be trauma-informed, allowing for reduction of stigma, an increase\u0000in reporting rates, and an acceptance that trauma will be treated within the academic theater.\u0000Yet, this environment is rare. Despite the laws passed, procedures enacted, and resources allocated,\u0000many victims are still met with a university response that creates further trauma, ultimately discouraging\u0000disclosures. The probability that a student will report is dependent on diverse factors at the institutional\u0000level. Compounding this further is the complexity of graduate and professional students\u0000themselves. These individuals regularly navigate numerous, sometimes simultaneous roles within the\u0000university structure (e.g., student, staff, faculty, and employee), engaging in relationships with clear\u0000power imbalances. Moreover, factors like age, cultural and ethnic background, need for recommendations,\u0000desire for future employment, developmental experiences, and personal distal/proximal relationships\u0000also contribute to their inherent vulnerability.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The authors of this paper have gathered and reviewed published information on graduate\u0000and professional students who are victims of sexual misconduct while in the academic environment\u0000and discuss systemic and individual strategies to ameliorate the impact.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Gaps in the literature include current, large-scale studies on the prevalence of sexual\u0000misconduct among graduate and professional students, universal protocols for preventive and treatment\u0000strategies, the framing of education as a climate-shifting opportunity for empowerment, and a\u0000holistic model that addresses the needs of the entire academic universe.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88041391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet Our Associate Editorial Board Member","authors":"D. Sivaraman","doi":"10.2174/221155600901200313154411","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221155600901200313154411","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"17 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84952812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)-free Controls: The \"Holy Grail\" in Genetic Addiction Risk Testing.","authors":"K. Blum, D. Baron, L. Lott, J. V. Ponce, D. Siwicki, B. Boyett, B. Steinberg, Edward J. Modestino, L. Fried, M. Hauser, T. Simpatico, B. Downs, T. McLaughlin, R. Hajela, R. Badgaiyan","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666191111103152","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666191111103152","url":null,"abstract":"Background\u0000The search for an accurate, gene-based test to identify heritable risk factors for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) was conducted based on hundreds of published studies about the role of dopamine in addictive behaviors, including risk for drug dependence and compulsive/impulsive behavior disorders. The term RDS was first coined by Blum's group in 1995 to identify a group of behaviors with a common neurobiological mechanism associated with a polymorphic allelic propensity for hypodopaminergia.\u0000\u0000\u0000Objectives\u0000To outline the process used to select risk alleles of reward genes for the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test. Consequently, to address the limitations caused by inconsistent results that occur in many case-control behavioral association studies. These limitations are perhaps due to the failure of investigators to adequately screen controls for drug and alcohol use disorder, and any of the many RDS behaviors, including nicotine dependence, obesity, pathological gambling, and internet gaming addiction.\u0000\u0000\u0000Methods\u0000Review of the literature related to the function of risk alleles of reward genes associated with hypodopaminergia relevant case-control association studies for the selection of alleles to be measured by the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test.\u0000\u0000\u0000Results\u0000The prevalence of the DRD2 A1 allele in unscreened controls (33.3%), compared to \"Super-Controls\" [highly screened RDS controls (3.3%) in proband and family] is used to exemplify a possible solution.\u0000\u0000\u0000Conclusion\u0000Unlike one gene-one disease (OGOD), RDS is polygenetic, and very complex. In addition, any RDS-related behaviors must be eliminated from the control group in order to obtain the best possible statistical analysis instead of comparing the phenotype with disease-ridden controls.","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"32 1","pages":"7-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83800418","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Eating Disorders on College Campuses in the United States: Current Insight on Screening, Prevention, and Treatment.","authors":"Anne C Grammer, Ellen E Fitzsimmons-Craft, Olivia Laing, Bianca De Pietro, Denise E Wilfley","doi":"10.2174/2211556009999200416153022","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2211556009999200416153022","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Eating disorders are prevalent on college campuses and pose significant risks to student health, well-being, and academic performance. However, few students receive access to evidence-based prevention and treatment.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The present review synthesizes the recent literature on ED screening, prevention, and treatment approaches on college campuses in the United States. We provide an overview of ED screening efforts on college campuses, including relevant screening tools, summarize the extant literature on prevention programming, as well psychological and pharmacological treatment approaches, and outline limitations of current programming and provide future directions for research.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Recent advances in ED screening, prevention, and treatment efforts highlight the importance of early detection and intervention. Innovative approaches to screening and dissemination of evidence-based prevention and treatment programs on college campuses are warranted. Implications for future research are discussed.</p>","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"9 2","pages":"91-102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7470246/pdf/nihms-1623765.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38361694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In Search of Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS)-free Controls: The \"Holy Grail\" in Genetic Addiction Risk Testing.","authors":"Kenneth Blum,&nbsp;David Baron,&nbsp;Lisa Lott,&nbsp;Jessica V Ponce,&nbsp;David Siwicki,&nbsp;Brent Boyett,&nbsp;Bruce Steinberg,&nbsp;Edward J Modestino,&nbsp;Lyle Fried,&nbsp;Mary Hauser,&nbsp;Thomas Simpatico,&nbsp;Bill W Downs,&nbsp;Thomas McLaughlin,&nbsp;Raju Hajela,&nbsp;Rajendra D Badgaiyan","doi":"","DOIUrl":"","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The search for an accurate, gene-based test to identify heritable risk factors for Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) was conducted based on hundreds of published studies about the role of dopamine in addictive behaviors, including risk for drug dependence and compulsive/impulsive behavior disorders. The term RDS was first coined by Blum's group in 1995 to identify a group of behaviors with a common neurobiological mechanism associated with a polymorphic allelic propensity for hypodopaminergia.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To outline the process used to select risk alleles of reward genes for the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test. Consequently, to address the limitations caused by inconsistent results that occur in many case-control behavioral association studies. These limitations are perhaps due to the failure of investigators to adequately screen controls for drug and alcohol use disorder, and any of the many RDS behaviors, including nicotine dependence, obesity, pathological gambling, and internet gaming addiction.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Review of the literature related to the function of risk alleles of reward genes associated with hypodopaminergia relevant case-control association studies for the selection of alleles to be measured by the Genetic Addiction Risk Score (GARS) test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The prevalence of the DRD2 A1 allele in unscreened controls (33.3%), compared to \"Super-Controls\" [highly screened RDS controls (3.3%) in proband and family] is used to exemplify a possible solution.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Unlike one gene-one disease (OGOD), RDS is polygenetic, and very complex. In addition, any RDS-related behaviors must be eliminated from the control group in order to obtain the best possible statistical analysis instead of comparing the phenotype with disease-ridden controls.</p>","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"9 1","pages":"7-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7236426/pdf/nihms-1587040.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"37955452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transmodulation of Dopaminergic Signaling to Mitigate Hypodopminergia and Pharmaceutical Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia.","authors":"Raymond Brewer, Kenneth Blum, Abdalla Bowirrat, Edward J Modestino, David Baron, Rajendra D Badgaiyan, Mark Moran, Brent Boyett, Mark S Gold","doi":"10.2174/2211556009999200628093231","DOIUrl":"10.2174/2211556009999200628093231","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neuroscientists and psychiatrists working in the areas of \"pain and addiction\" are asked in this perspective article to reconsider the current use of dopaminergic blockade (like chronic opioid agonist therapy), and instead to consider induction of dopamine homeostasis by putative pro-dopamine regulation. Pro-dopamine regulation could help pharmaceutical opioid analgesic agents to mitigate hypodopaminergia-induced hyperalgesia by inducing transmodulation of dopaminergic signaling. An optimistic view is that early predisposition to diagnosis based on genetic testing, (pharmacogenetic/pharmacogenomic monitoring), combined with appropriate urine drug screening, and treatment with pro-dopamine regulators, could conceivably reduce stress, craving, and relapse, enhance well-being and attenuate unwanted hyperalgesia. These concepts require intensive investigation. However, based on the rationale provided herein, there is a good chance that combining opioid analgesics with genetically directed pro-dopamine-regulation using KB220 (supported by 43 clinical studies). This may become a front-line technology with the potential to overcome, in part, the current heightened rates of chronic opioid-induced hyperalgesia and concomitant Reward Deficiency Syndrome (RDS) behaviors. Current research does support the hypothesis that low or hypodopaminergic function in the brain may predispose individuals to low pain tolerance or hyperalgesia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"9 3","pages":"164-184"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10288629/pdf/nihms-1891270.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9716219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Meet Our Editorial Board Member","authors":"K. Blum","doi":"10.2174/221155600803191213121657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/221155600803191213121657","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78817939","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral Monosodium Glutamate Differentially Affects Open-Field Behaviours, Behavioural Despair and Place Preference in Male and Female Mice","authors":"Onaolapo Ay, Olawore Oi, Yusuf Fo, Adeyemo Am, Adewole Io, Onaolapo Oj","doi":"10.2174/2211556008666181213160527","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/2211556008666181213160527","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000\u0000Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a flavour enhancer which induces\u0000behavioural changes in animals. However the influence of sex on the behavioural response\u0000to MSG has not been investigated.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000The sex-differential effects of MSG on open-field behaviours, anxiety-related\u0000behaviour, behavioural despair, place-preference, and plasma/brain glutamate levels in\u0000adult mice were assessed.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Mice were assigned to three groups (1-3), based on the models used to assess\u0000behaviours. Animals in group 1 were for the elevated-plus maze and tail-suspension paradigms,\u0000group 2 for the open-field and forced-swim paradigms, while mice in group 3 were\u0000for observation in the conditioned place preference paradigm. Mice in all groups were further\u0000assigned into five subgroups (10 males and 10 females), and administered vehicle (distilled\u0000water at 10 ml/kg) or one of four doses of MSG (20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg) daily for\u00006 weeks, following which they were exposed to the behavioural paradigms. At the end of\u0000the behavioural tests, the animals were sacrificed, and blood was taken for estimation of\u0000glutamate levels. The brains were also homogenised for estimation of glutamate levels.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000 MSG was associated with a reduction in locomotion in males and females (except\u0000at 160 mg/kg, male), an anxiolytic response in females, an anxiogenic response in males,\u0000and decreased behavioural despair in both sexes (females more responsive). Postconditioning\u0000MSG-associated place-preference was significantly higher in females. Plasma/\u0000brain glutamate was not significantly different between sexes.\u0000\u0000\u0000\u0000Repeated MSG administration alters a range of behaviours in a sex-dependent\u0000manner in mice.\u0000","PeriodicalId":10751,"journal":{"name":"Current Psychopharmacology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83247859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}