Compost Science & Utilization最新文献_第6页

Composting of Cornstalks Used as Filtering Materials for the Pretreatment of Anaerobically Digested Centrate 玉米秸秆堆肥用作厌氧消化中心酸盐预处理的过滤材料

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2019.1571460

Longlong Du, Zhiye Zhang, Guoxue Li, Qiaoping Sun, Bangxi Zhang

引用次数: 4

Phosphate Amendments to Compost for Improving P Bio-Availability 堆肥中添加磷酸盐提高磷的生物利用度

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-04-03 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2019.1571461

Y. Redel, P. M. Nkebiwe, R. Schulz, T. Müller

{"title":"Phosphate Amendments to Compost for Improving P Bio-Availability","authors":"Y. Redel, P. M. Nkebiwe, R. Schulz, T. Müller","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2019.1571461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2019.1571461","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was conducted to investigate changes in P-fractions, bio-available P (CAL-P), citric acid extractable P, acid phosphatase activity and microbial biomass C and N during incubation of mature biogenic compost (MBC), immature biogenic compost (IBC) or immature sheep manure compost (ISC) not amended with P or amended with rock phosphate (RP, 7.6% P) or triple-superphosphate (TSP, 19.5% P). Incubation was performed at 20 °C in darkness under aerobic conditions. Samples were collected for laboratory analysis at the start of incubation (D-0) and after one, six and 26 days during incubation (D-1, D-6, D-26). Addition of soluble P fertilizer (TSP) led to a threefold increase in all P fractions in comparison to compost without TSP; even a “priming effect” could be observed, promoting conversion of non-labile to labile P. Moreover, addition of TSP lowered biological activity, especially acid phosphatase activity (P-ase), due to already high concentrations of readily available P. In general, P fractions (bicarbonate extractable Pi (NaHCO3-Pi) and bicarbonate extractable Po (NaHCO3-Po) and sodium hydroxide extractable Po (NaOH-Po)) increased during incubation until day 6 at the expense of NaOH-Pi fraction, which decreased. Generally, RP-derived P showed little or no effect on P fractions during the entire incubation period and only led to slightly increased CAL-P and Citric-acid-P levels. Fertilizer effects on labile P fractions were most enhanced with ISC. IBC enhanced microbial growth and P-ase, thereby enhancing conversion of labile into moderate labile NaOH-Po.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":"88 - 96"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2019.1571461","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47843802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Impact of Composting Food Waste with Green Waste on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Compost Windrows 食物垃圾与绿色垃圾堆肥对堆肥堆温室气体排放的影响

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1550023

S. R. Williams, X. Zhu-Barker, S. Lew, Benjamin James Croze, Kenna R. Fallan, W. Horwath

{"title":"Impact of Composting Food Waste with Green Waste on Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Compost Windrows","authors":"S. R. Williams, X. Zhu-Barker, S. Lew, Benjamin James Croze, Kenna R. Fallan, W. Horwath","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2018.1550023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1550023","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Windrow composting of green waste as an alternative to green waste disposal in landfills requires an understanding of the impacts on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the development of effective and efficient management strategies to reduce these emissions. The addition of food waste to green waste compost operations is becoming more common, but its effect on GHG emissions is less understood. As more food waste diversion occurs as a result of recent implementation of climate smart policies in California, more information is needed to address the sustainability of composting different combinations of waste types. We monitored GHG emissions from compost windrows comprised of green waste alone and a green/food waste mixture (green waste : food waste = 9:1, by wet weight) at the University of California, Davis Student Farm in 2016 using a modified, open, flow-through chamber technique. When comparing total emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4), the green/food waste mixture produced 110 kg CO2 eq./ton DM (dry matter, std error = 12.2), which were slightly lower than emissions produced by the green waste alone (152 kg CO2 eq./ton DM, std error = 15.9). Methane was a large contributor to global warming potential (GWP) of both composting treatments, suggesting that management practices that optimize porosity and air flow in compost piles are promising in reducing emissions from both green waste and green/food waste mixtures.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":"35 - 45"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1550023","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42120687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 8

Municipal Waste and Poultry Manure Compost Affect Biomass Production, Nitrate Reductase Activity and Heavy Metals in Tomato Plants 城市垃圾和家禽粪便堆肥对番茄生物量、硝酸盐还原酶活性和重金属的影响

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1524316

M. Aylaj, E. Lhadi, F. Adani

{"title":"Municipal Waste and Poultry Manure Compost Affect Biomass Production, Nitrate Reductase Activity and Heavy Metals in Tomato Plants","authors":"M. Aylaj, E. Lhadi, F. Adani","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2018.1524316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1524316","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Organic wastes can be usefully recovered to produce organic amendments, for example, compost, to be used for crop production, thus reducing impacts through efficient waste management. The aim of this work was to study the effects of compost obtained from municipal waste in combination with poultry manure on plant growth, nitrate reductase (NR) activity and absorption and distribution of heavy metals (HM) in plant tissues of tomatoes, grown in pots in greenhouses. Two compost types obtained from municipal waste mixed with poultry manure (C1 = 3:2 and C2 = 2:3) were used at two different ages (105 d and 173 d) and at two mix rates with soil (32.5 g pot−1 and 65 g pot−1); soil with no compost amendment was used as control. The experiment was conducted using tomato plants in pots and plant growth and nutrient plant uptake was determined after 65 days from plant transplanting. Results obtained indicated that compost type and compost rate affected biomass production. However, compost age did not influence the development of plants. Nutrient status of tomato plants was also investigated with reference to the N cycle. Nitrite accumulation in the leaves increased with the increase in compost doses. The accumulation of NO2− was associated with a significant increase in NR activity. HM content in leaves decreased with compost use. HM accumulated preferentially in roots and leaves and the soil to root metals transfer was in this order: Fe (1.08–2.14)> Co (0.53–4.10)>Cu (0.28–2.28) >Mn (0.3–1.34) >Zn (0.87–1.21)>Cr (0.12–1.64). The highest and lowest dynamic bioaccumulation factors (BAFdyn) were observed in roots and stems, respectively. The root system acted as a barrier for Cd and Pb. It was concluded that compost use is beneficial for tomato plants, with particular reference to the compost obtained by using a higher amount of poultry manure (C2) in the mix.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":"11 - 23"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1524316","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48530735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Changes in Physical, Chemical, and Microbiological Properties During the Two-Stage Composting of Green Waste due to the Addition of β-cyclodextrin 添加β-环糊精对绿色垃圾两阶段堆肥过程中物理、化学和微生物特性的影响

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2019.1585304

Lu Zhang, Xiangyang Sun

引用次数: 8

Vermicompost and Manure Compost Reduce Water-Deficit Stress in Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L. cv. Candyman Orange) 蚯蚓堆肥和粪肥堆肥降低盆栽万寿菊水分亏缺胁迫。甜心宝贝橙色)

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2019.1602489

Ali Khosravi Shakib, A. Rezaei Nejad, Azizollah Khandan Mirkohi, Sepideh Kalate Jari

{"title":"Vermicompost and Manure Compost Reduce Water-Deficit Stress in Pot Marigold (Calendula officinalis L. cv. Candyman Orange)","authors":"Ali Khosravi Shakib, A. Rezaei Nejad, Azizollah Khandan Mirkohi, Sepideh Kalate Jari","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2019.1602489","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2019.1602489","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of irrigation regime and potting media on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of pot marigold. The experiment was arranged factorially based on a completely randomized design. The first factor was irrigation regime in three levels of 80, 60 and 40% available water content and the second factor was potting media in five levels of 20% vermicompost, 30% vermicompost, 20% manure compost, 30% manure compost and control (sand and soil in equal proportions). Morpho-physiological traits (plant height, stem diameter, number of flowering stem, root diameter, root length, root dry weight, aerial dry weight, total dry weight, relative water content, ionic stability and water use efficiency) and biochemical traits (malondialdehyde content, catalase and peroxidase activity, chlorophyll and carotenoid contents) were measured. Morpho-physiological parameters, chlorophyll and carotenoid decreased under water deficit, while increased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. Also, lipid peroxidation, catalase and peroxidase activity enhanced under water deficit, while decreased with application of vermicompost and manure compost. In other words, the application of vermicompost and manure compost in potting media reduced the harmful effects of water deficit. Total dry mass and water use efficiency were about 3-fold higher in plants grown in 30% vermicompost or 30% manure compost substrate compared to those in control plants. The results suggest that the application of 30% manure compost could be recommended as suitable potting media due to reducing the negative effects of water shortages, helping to nourish the plant, cheapness and accessibility compared with 30% vermicompost.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":"61 - 68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2019.1602489","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45817576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 16

Survival of Lab Grown Calonectria pseudonaviculata Microsclerotia During Small-Scale Composting 小规模堆肥过程中实验室培育的拟舟花Calonectria pseudonaculata Microsclerotia的存活

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1536865

R. Harvey, D. Davis, N. Shishkoff, J. Pecchia

{"title":"Survival of Lab Grown Calonectria pseudonaviculata Microsclerotia During Small-Scale Composting","authors":"R. Harvey, D. Davis, N. Shishkoff, J. Pecchia","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2018.1536865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1536865","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Boxwood blight, caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata, is a devastating fungal disease of Buxus spp., first observed in the United States in 2011. Due to the persistent nature of the produced microsclerotia, concern arose over the potential for compost to serve as a disease vector. Previous work demonstrated that C. pseudonaviculata is very stable at mesophilic temperatures, however, no previous work has evaluated C. pseudonaviculata during composting. Our objective was to evaluate the survival of C. pseudonaviculata microsclerotia after being composted for 24, 48, and 72 h at temperatures of 40, 50, and 60 °C. Composting was performed using a newly created bioreactor system, allowing for precise control of the composting process. In conjunction with the composting evaluations, the same temperature/time combinations were evaluated in incubators. While the pathogen survived 40 °C through 72 h in an incubator, compost survival was minimal, with only some survival observed at 24 h at the same temperature. We were able to determine that exposure to temperatures ≥50 °C for 24 h or longer, and that exposure in a composting system for 48 h or longer at 40 °C would kill the microsclerotia.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":"24 - 34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1536865","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41516293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Monitoring: Physic‐Chemical, Microbiological, and Phytotoxic Parameters of Mixed Oil Mill Waste and Green Waste Composts Moistened with Treated Urban Wastewater and Tap Water 监测：经处理的城市污水和自来水润湿的混合油厂废物和绿色废物堆肥的物理化学、微生物和植物毒性参数

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2019-01-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2016.1172055

D. Tangour, Hamouda Aichi, Nizar Yeddes, A. Jrad, M. Trabelsi-ayadi

{"title":"Monitoring: Physic‐Chemical, Microbiological, and Phytotoxic Parameters of Mixed Oil Mill Waste and Green Waste Composts Moistened with Treated Urban Wastewater and Tap Water","authors":"D. Tangour, Hamouda Aichi, Nizar Yeddes, A. Jrad, M. Trabelsi-ayadi","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2016.1172055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2016.1172055","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In Tunisia, on‐site co‐composting of oil mill waste would overcome environmental issues and valorize renewable resources. The authors' goal was to determine the physic‐chemical and microbiological properties and nutrient supply characteristics of mixed oil mill waste and green waste compost. Two piles of the same raw materials (2/3 oil mill waste–1/3 green waste, w/w) were moistened with two kinds of water: treated urban wastewater (A1) and tap water (A2). Results showed the following: (i) produced compost decreased in C/N from 32 to 12.30 ± 0.89 (A1) and 11 ± 0.89 (A2); (ii) major elements (P and K) were within acceptable limits; (iii) A1 and A2 had potentially lower heavy metal contents than the limits established by the second draft of the Biological Treatment of Biowaste of the European Commission and microbial load values below the limit N FU 44‐051 values; (iv) A1 and A2 had, respectively, 93 and 89.67% as germination index Gl values, which confirmed the composts' maturity and safety; (v) for both composts, A1 and A2, culture potting made up of half compost and half soil revealed the highest bean leaves' number; and (vi) the less richness in minerals and organic compounds of A2 compared to A1 gave better germination results for white wheat and bean leaves' number for A2. Even moistened with treated urban waste water, oil mill wastes proved to be very interesting for co‐composting with green waste.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"27 1","pages":"1 - 10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2016.1172055","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48902789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Development and Assessment of Exceptional Quality Biosolids Products for Urban Gardens 城市园林用优质生物固体产品的开发与评价

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1488636

O. Alvarez-Campos, G. Evanylo, Mike J. Badzmierowski

{"title":"Development and Assessment of Exceptional Quality Biosolids Products for Urban Gardens","authors":"O. Alvarez-Campos, G. Evanylo, Mike J. Badzmierowski","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2018.1488636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1488636","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Exceptional Quality (EQ) biosolids may be developed into products that can rehabilitate disturbed urban soils for the production of garden vegetables. The objectives of this study were to compare newly developed EQ biosolids products specially tailored for urban soil use with those of established products for the purpose of identifying their capability to support germination and plant growth, as well as to quantify their plant available nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Seven EQ biosolids products and an inorganic fertilizer control were compared in greenhouse bioassays employing soybean (Glycine max L.) and tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) to assess product quality and nutrient availability. The EQ biosolids were derived from treatment processes such as thermal drying, composting, and blending with complementary organic and mineral materials. The EQ biosolids products applied at an estimated equivalent agronomic N rate enabled adequate germination and plant growth. The N uptake by tall fescue grown with the biosolids amendments compared with known rates of inorganic N confirmed organic N availability to be approximately 40%, 20%, and 15% for thermally dried, blended, and composted EQ biosolids products, respectively. The application of these products at agronomic N rates to a soil testing adequate in P increased soil P saturation to 20%–35%, a normal range for soil not excessively enriched with P. The availability of N and P in the EQ biosolids products will permit their agronomically beneficial and environmentally sound use in urban soils.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"26 1","pages":"232 - 243"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1488636","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44344363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 10

Compost Cation Exchange Capacity via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (PXRF) Spectrometry 便携式X射线荧光光谱法测定堆肥阳离子交换能力

4区农林科学

Compost Science & Utilization Pub Date : 2018-10-02 DOI: 10.1080/1065657X.2018.1522280

Bin Li, S. Chakraborty, Maria Fernanda Godoy Sosa, N. Y. Kusi, D. Weindorf

{"title":"Compost Cation Exchange Capacity via Portable X-Ray Fluorescence (PXRF) Spectrometry","authors":"Bin Li, S. Chakraborty, Maria Fernanda Godoy Sosa, N. Y. Kusi, D. Weindorf","doi":"10.1080/1065657X.2018.1522280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1522280","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Compost is a valuable organic amendment which affords substantive fertility to soils where applied. A common component of compost fertility is cation exchange capacity (CEC), which has traditionally been determined via standard wet chemistry laboratory methods. This research utilized portable X-ray fluorescence (PXRF) spectrometry to evaluate 74 compost samples from the USA and Canada. PXRF elemental data were used for predicting compost CEC via random forest (RF) regression. Comparison between laboratory-determined vs. PXRF predicted CEC produced the following relationships: R2=0.90, RMSE = 5.41 meq 100 g−1 (model calibration) and R2=0.60, RMSE = 8.07 meq 100 g−1 (model validation). A key advantage of this technique is that the same data used for CEC prediction can also yield insight into other compost parameters of interest such as heavy metal content, plant essential nutrient content, salinity, and pH. Taken collectively, the PXRF approach can provide rapid, on-site analysis of compost which was previously not feasible with conventional methods. Our initial study has established the viability of PXRF for compost CEC determination, with further development on a wider array of feedstocks suggested for future study.","PeriodicalId":10714,"journal":{"name":"Compost Science & Utilization","volume":"26 1","pages":"271 - 278"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/1065657X.2018.1522280","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42528199","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 9