Comparative medicine最新文献

{"title":"Hemodynamic Effects of Cardiovascular Medications in a Normovolemic and Hemorrhaged Yorkshire-cross Swine Model.","authors":"Jacob H Cole,&nbsp;Scott B Hughey,&nbsp;Phillip G Geiger,&nbsp;Kamala J Rapp-Santos,&nbsp;Gregory J Booth","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000080","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The Yorkshire-cross swine model is a valuable translational model commonly used to study cardiovascular physiology and response to insult. Although the effects of vasoactive medications have been well described in healthy swine, the effects of these medications during hemorrhagic shock are less studied. In this study, we sought to expand the utility of the swine model by characterizing the hemodynamic changes that occurred after the administration of commonly available vasoactive medications during euvolemic and hypovolemic states. To this end, we anesthetized and established femoral arterial, central venous, and pulmonary arterial access in 15 juvenile Yorkshire-cross pigs. The pigs then received a series of rapidly metabolized but highly vasoactive medications in a standard dosing sequence. After completion of this sequence, each pig underwent a 30-mL/kg hemorrhage over 10 min, and the standard dosing sequence was repeated. We then used standard sta- tistical techniques to compare the effects of these vasoactive medications on a variety of hemodynamic parameters between the euvolemic and hemorrhagic states. All subjects completed the study protocol. The responses in the hemorrhagic state were often attenuated or even opposite of those in the euvolemic state. For example, phenylephrine decreased the mean arterial blood pressure during the euvolemic state but increased it in the hemorrhagic state. These results clarify previously poorly defined responses to commonly used vasoactive agents during the hemorrhagic state in swine. Our findings also demonstrate the need to consider the complex and dynamic physiologic state of hemorrhage when anticipating the effects of vasoactive drugs and planning study protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915414/pdf/cm2022000038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39578158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Buprenorphine Treatment on Influenza Pathogenesis in the Ferret (Mustela putorius furo).","authors":"Victoria J Mrotz, Kaitlyn M Nestor, T. Maines, Nathaniel Powell, J. Belser","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000087","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000087","url":null,"abstract":"Ferrets are the gold-standard model for influenza A virus (IAV) research due to their natural susceptibility to human and zoonotic IAV, comparable respiratory anatomy and physiology to humans, and development of clinical signs similar to those seen in infected people. Because the presence and progression of clinical signs can be useful in infectious disease research, uncertainty in how analgesics alter research outcomes or compromise characteristics of disease progression have outweighed the concern regarding animal discomfort from these symptoms. Nonetheless, the principles of animal research require consideration of refinements for this important model for IAV research. Opioids offer a possible refinement option that would not directly affect the inflammatory cascade involved in IAV infection. Mirroring pathogenicity studies that use ferrets, 12 ferrets were inoculated intranasally with the A(H3N2) IAV A/Panama/2007/1999 and divided into 3 treatment groups ( n = 4 each), of which 2 groups received buprenorphine treatments on different schedules and the third received a saline control. The duration and location of viral replication, lymphohematopoietic changes, and clinical signs were comparable across all groups at all time points. High quantities of infectious virus in nasal wash specimens were detected in ferrets from all groups through day 5 after inoculation, and peak viral titers from the upper respiratory tract did not differ between ferrets receiving buprenorphine treatments on either schedule. Compared with the saline group, ferrets receiving buprenorphine exhibited transient weight loss and pyrexia, but all groups ultimately achieved similar peaks in both of these measurements. Collectively, these findings support the continued evaluation of buprenorphine as a refinement for IAV-challenged ferrets.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41569967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corneal Changes and Strategies to Improve Survival of Hypomorphic Collagen VII-Deficient Mice for the Study of Ocular Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa.","authors":"Vicki M Chen,&nbsp;Karrie Southwell,&nbsp;Erin Huynh,&nbsp;Stefanie Gavett,&nbsp;Lauren Richey,&nbsp;Michael Esmail","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000063","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000063","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Ophthalmic study of collagen CVII hypomorphic mice is uniquely challenging due to the strain's published survival rate to weaning of 24%. Because chronic ocular fibrosis requires time to develop, optimizing the survival rate is of critical importance. In this study, standard husbandry practices were enhanced by the addition of sterilized diet and drug delivery gels, acidified water, irradiated food pellets, cellulose fiber bedding, minimal handling, removal of siblings within 2-3 wk from birth, and a preferred housing location. Survival rates per breeding cycle, sex, weight, and cause of early euthanasia were recorded and analyzed over 43 mo. Overall, 49% of mice survived to weaning and 76% of weaned mice survived to 20 wk of age. Corneal opacities were seen in 65% of mice by 20 wk, but only 10% of eyes showed the sustained opacification that was indicative of fibrosis. Corneal opacities occurred at the same rate as in humans with epidermolysis bullosa. 66% of the mice showed weight loss at 11 wk. Males required early euthanasia 4 times more often than did females. Euthanasia was required for urinary obstruction due to penile prolapse in 88% of males. With our enhanced care protocol, hypomorphic mice in our colony survived at twice the published rate. With this revised husbandry standard, experiments planned with termination endpoints of 14 wk for males and 17 wk for females are more likely to reach completion.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915415/pdf/cm2022000014.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39897362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Toxigenic Profile of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Strains Isolated from Natural Ingredient Laboratory Animal Diets.","authors":"Michael D Johnston,&nbsp;Tanya E Whiteside,&nbsp;Michelle E Allen,&nbsp;David M Kurtz","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000013","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Clostridium perfringens</i> is an anaerobic, gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that ubiquitously inhabits a wide variety of natural environments including the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. <i>C. perfringens</i> is an opportunistic enteropathogen capable of producing at least 20 different toxins in various combinations. Strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> are currently categorized into 7 toxinotypes (A, B, C, D, E, F, and G) based on the presence or absence of 6 typing-toxins (α, β, epsilon, iota, enterotoxin, and netB). Each toxinotype is associated with specific histotoxic and enteric diseases. Spontaneous enteritis due to <i>C. perfringens</i> has been reported in laboratory animals; however, the source of the bacteria was unknown. The Quality Assurance Laboratory (QAL) at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) routinely screens incoming animal feeds for aerobic, enteric pathogens, such as <i>Salmonella</i> spp. and <i>E. coli.</i> Recently, QAL incorporated anaerobic screening of incoming animal feeds. To date, the lab has isolated numerous <i>Clostridium</i> species, including <i>C. perfringens,</i> from 23 lots of natural ingredient laboratory animal diets. Published reports of <i>C. perfringens</i> isolation from laboratory animal feeds could not be found in the literature. Therefore, we performed a toxin profile screen of our isolated strains of <i>C. perfringens</i> using PCR to determine which toxinotypes were present in the laboratory animal diets. Our results showed that most <i>C. perfringens</i> strains we isolated from the laboratory animal feed were toxinotype A with most strains also possessing the theta toxin. Two of the <i>C. perfringens</i> strains also possessed the β toxin. Our results demonstrated the presence of <i>C. perfringens</i> in nonsterile, natural ingredient feeds for laboratory animals which could serve as a source of this opportunistic pathogen.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915413/pdf/cm2022000050.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39607235","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mouse Models of Osteoarthritis: A Summary of Models and Outcomes Assessment.","authors":"Sabine Drevet,&nbsp;Bertrand Favier,&nbsp;Emmanuel Brun,&nbsp;Gaëtan Gavazzi,&nbsp;Bernard Lardy","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000043","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Osteoarthritis (OA) is a multidimensional health problem and a common chronic disease. It has a substantial impact on patient quality of life and is a common cause of pain and mobility issues in older adults. The functional limitations, lack of curative treatments, and cost to society all demonstrate the need for translational and clinical research. The use of OA models in mice is important for achieving a better understanding of the disease. Models with clinical relevance are needed to achieve 2 main goals: to assess the impact of the OA disease (pain and function) and to study the efficacy of potential treatments. However, few OA models include practical strategies for functional assessment of the mice. OA signs in mice incorporate complex interrelations between pain and dysfunction. The current review provides a comprehensive compilation of mouse models of OA and animal evaluations that include static and dynamic clinical assessment of the mice, merging evaluation of pain and function by using automatic and noninvasive techniques. These new techniques allow simultaneous recording of spontaneous activity from thousands of home cages and also monitor environment conditions. Technologies such as videography and computational approaches can also be used to improve pain assessment in rodents but these new tools must first be validated experimentally. An example of a new tool is the digital ventilated cage, which is an automated home-cage monitor that records spontaneous activity in the cages.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915410/pdf/cm2022000003.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39787720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Chronic Collection of Cerebrospinal Fluid from Rhesus Macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) with Cisterna Magna Ports: Update on Refinements.","authors":"David B Gilberto,&nbsp;Maria S Michener,&nbsp;Brad E Smith,&nbsp;Peter J Szczerba,&nbsp;Marie A Holahan,&nbsp;Tasha L Gray,&nbsp;Sherri L Motzel","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>More than 20 y ago, we developed an animal model for chronic and continuous collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from conscious rhesus macaques. Since our previous publication in 2003, we have successfully implanted 168 rhesus macaques using this approach. Our experience enables us to provide up-to-date information regarding the model, including refine- ments to our implant design, reductions in maintenance, and new procedures for dealing with contamination. The results of our experiences have reduced the number of surgeries required and helped to increase the longevity of the implant, with some functioning for more than 18 y. Building on our success in rhesus macaques, we attempted to develop similar animal models in the African green monkeys and dogs but have been unable to develop reliable chronic models for CSF collection in these species.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915412/pdf/cm2022000045.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39722197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Hemodynamic Changes in Response to Hyperacute Spinal Trauma in a Swine Model.","authors":"Elise D Barras,&nbsp;Chiara E Hampton,&nbsp;Catherine Takawira,&nbsp;Takashi Taguchi,&nbsp;Ali Nourbakhsh,&nbsp;Mandi J Lopez","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000067","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Acute spinal cord injury (ASCI) is a devastating event that can have severe hemodynamic consequences, depending on location and severity of the lesion. Knowledge of hyperacute hemodynamic changes is important for researchers using porcine models of thoracic ASCI. The goal of this study was to determine the hyperacute hemodynamic changes observed after ASCI when using pigs as their own controls. Five Yucatan gilts were anesthetized, and a dorsal laminectomy performed at T10-T12. Standardized blunt trauma was applied for 5 consecutive min, and hemodynamic variables were collected 5 min before ASCI, and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, 30, 60, 80 and 120 min after ASCI. Arterial blood gas samples were collected at 60 min and 10 min before, and at 30 min and between 120 and 240 min after ASCI. Parametric data were analyzed using a mixed effects model with time point as the fixed factor and subject as the random factor. We found no effect on heart rate, pulse pressure, SpO₂, EtCO₂, and respiratory rate between baseline and timepoints after ASCI. Diastolic arterial pressure, mean arterial pressure, and systolic arterial pressure fell significantly by 18%, 16%, and 15%, respectively, at 2 min after ASCI. However, none of the decrements in arterial pressures resulted in hypotension at any time point. Heart rate did not change significantly after ASCI. Blood glucose progressively increased to 50% above baseline between 120 and 240 minutes after ASCI. Low thoracic ASCI caused a consistent and statistically significant but clinically minor hyperacute decrease in arterial pressures (-15%) that did not produce hypotension or metabolic changes suggestive of tissue hypoperfusion. Our findings using this model suggest that mean arterial pressures should be maintained above 85 mm Hg prior to spinal trauma in order to avoid hypotensive states after ASCI.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8915416/pdf/cm2022000030.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39764318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Evaluation of Effects of Laboratory Disinfectants on Mouse Gut Microbiota.","authors":"Joseph D Sciurba,&nbsp;George E Chlipala,&nbsp;Stefan J Green,&nbsp;Martha A Delaney,&nbsp;Jeffrey D Fortman,&nbsp;Jeanette E Purcell","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000051","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Disturbances in the gut microbiota are known to be associated with numerous human diseases. Mice have proven to be an invaluable tool for investigating the role of the gut microbiota in disease processes. Nonexperimental factors related to maintaining mice in the laboratory environment are increasingly being shown to have inadvertent effects on the gut microbiota and may function as confounding variables. Microisolation technique is a term used to describe the common biosecurity practice of spraying gloved hands with disinfectant before handling research mice. This practice prevents contamination with pathogenic microorganisms. To investigate if exposure to disinfectants can affect the mouse gut microbiota, C57BL/6 mice were exposed daily for 27 consecutive days to commonly used laboratory disinfectants through microisolation technique. The effects of 70% ethanol and disinfectant products containing chlorine dioxide, hydrogen peroxide, or potassium peroxymonosulfate were each evaluated. Fecal pellets were collected after 7, 14, 21, and 28 d of disinfectant exposure, and cecal contents were collected at day 28. DNA extractions were performed on all cecal and fecal samples, and microbial community structure was characterized using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Alpha and β diversity metrics and taxon-level analyses were used to evaluate differences in microbial communities. Disinfectant had a small but significant effect on fecal microbial communities compared with sham-exposed controls, and effects varied by disinfectant type. In general, longer exposure times resulted in greater changes in the fecal microbiota. Effects on the cecal microbiota were less pronounced and only seen with the hydrogen peroxide and potassium peroxymonosulfate disinfectants. These results indicate that laboratory disinfectant use should be considered as a potential factor that can affect the mouse gut microbiota.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8715766/pdf/cm21000051.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39879269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Summary and Assessment of Studies on Cardiac Aging in Nonhuman Primates.","authors":"Hillary F Huber,&nbsp;Peter W Nathanielsz,&nbsp;Geoffrey D Clarke","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000038","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000038","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Nonhuman primates (NHP) are important translational models for cardiac aging. To assess progress in this research area and to provide a reference for other investigators, we identified papers indexed in PubMed to determine what species, ages, outcomes, treatments, and approaches have been studied. Since 1983, 33 studies of cardiac aging in NHP have been published. Of these, 27 used species of macaque, 6 baboon, 1 vervet, 1 orangutan, and 1 marmoset (some studies were multispecies). Common research approaches were echocardiography, ECG, and histology of the left ventricle. Only 10 studies performed sex-based analyses. The average age of the oldest macaque studied was 26 y. The reported mean lifespan of macaques in captivity is around 30 y. The age of the oldest baboon studied was 24 y. Baboons in captivity are reported to live on average to 21 y. Twelve studies took a \"life course\" approach, studying animals of a wide range of ages from less than or equal to 10 y through the late teens to thirties, and employing analyses designed to show change over time. Keeping NHP into old age is a major challenge for biomedical research. The ideal design is to start monitoring in early life and to track how cardiac structure and function change with age. Important issues for future research are an increased focus on life-course approaches, investment in existing life-course NHP cohorts, better reporting of study sample characteristics, more molecular studies to identify genetic risk factors and mechanisms, attention to sex as a biological variable, a move away from descriptive reports to mechanistic studies, development of biomarkers to predict disease risk, and exploration of interventions that are implemented early in life to prevent or delay age-related disease later in life. Reducing exposure to early life adversity, identifying early-life biomarkers of aging and age-related disease, and early treatment can contribute to longer health span.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8715764/pdf/cm21000038.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39571247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antibody Production Remains Intact Despite Loss of Bone Marrow B cells in Murine Norovirus Infected <i>Stat1</i>^-/- Mice.","authors":"Daniel E Eldridge,&nbsp;Charlie C Hsu","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000054","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Murine norovirus (MNV), which can be used as a model system to study human noroviruses, can infect macrophages/ monocytes, neutrophils, dendritic, intestinal epithelial, T and B cells, and is highly prevalent in laboratory mice. We previously showed that MNV infection significantly reduces bone marrow B cell populations in a <i>Stat1</i>-dependent manner. We show here that while MNV-infected <i>Stat1</i>^-/- mice have significant losses of bone marrow B cells, splenic B cells capable of mounting an antibody response to novel antigens retain the ability to expand. We also investigated whether increased granulopoiesis after MNV infection was causing B cell loss. We found that administration of anti-G-CSF antibody inhibits the pronounced bone marrow granulopoiesis induced by MNV infection of <i>Stat1</i>^-/- mice, but this inhibition did not rescue bone marrow B cell losses. Therefore, MNV-infected <i>Stat1</i>^-/- mice can still mount a robust humoral immune response despite decreased bone marrow B cells. This suggests that further investigation will be needed to identify other indirect factors or mechanisms that are responsible for the bone marrow B cell losses seen after MNV infection. In addition, this work contributes to our understanding of the potential physiologic effects of <i>Stat1-</i>related disruptions in research mouse colonies that may be endemically infected with MNV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8715767/pdf/cm21000054.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"39889726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}