Comparative medicine最新文献

{"title":"Propofol Immersion as a Euthanasia Method for Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio).","authors":"Allyson K Davis, J. Garner, David K. Chu, S. Felt","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000050","url":null,"abstract":"The exponential rise of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism in biomedical research has far outstripped our understanding of basic husbandry and welfare for this species. As a case in point, here we investigate the efficacy and welfare impact of different euthanasia methods for zebrafish. Not only is a humane death central to welfare and the 3Rs, but stress during euthanasia can change scientific outcomes. However, the most frequently used methods of euthanasia have multiple shortcomings with regard to animal welfare and human safety. In this study, we propose the use of propofol for immersion euthanasia of adult zebrafish. Propofol has been known to rapidly induce anesthesia in many species, including zebrafish, but its efficacy as a euthanasia agent for zebrafish has not fully been explored. In this study, adult zebrafish were euthanized by immersion on one of 5 different preparations: ice bath, 250 ppm MS222, 600 ppm lidocaine hydrochloride, 100 ppm propofol, or 150 ppm propofol for 20 or 30 min. Display of aversive behaviors, time to loss of righting reflex, time to cessation of opercular movement, and time to recovery after transfer to clean tank water were assessed and recorded. Propofol at both concentrations induced loss of righting reflex and loss of opercular movement more quickly than did MS222 or lidocaine hydrochloride and caused no display of aversive behaviors as seen with ice bath or lidocaine exposure. However, fish exposed to propofol at either concentration for 20 min sometimes recovered, whereas a 30-min exposure was sufficient for euthanasia of all fish tested. These findings suggest that exposure to propofol for a duration of at least 30 min quickly and effectively euthanizes adult zebrafish without compromising end of-life welfare.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48243951","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Internal Temperatures of Packaging for Overnight Cross-country Shipping of Zebrafish (<i>Danio Rerio</i>).","authors":"Logan A Fehrenbach,&nbsp;Adewole A Adekanye,&nbsp;Michael B Palillo,&nbsp;Willie A Bidot,&nbsp;Raphael A Malbrue,&nbsp;Dondrae J Coble,&nbsp;Genevieve C Kendall","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000053","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>As the use of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) as a research model continues to rise, so too will the shipping and sharing of zebrafish strains across collaborating institutions. If done incorrectly, shipping can result in significant mortality, welfare concerns, and loss of valuable resources for researchers and research institutions. Here we introduce a novel method to track temperatures of zebrafish containers during shipping and show that internal packaging temperatures are directly affected by the external temperatures. We used temperature logging Thermochron iButtons to track the temperatures of 2 packages containing adult zebrafish that were shipped overnight from Dallas, TX to Columbus, OH during winter following recommended fish shipping guidelines. We found that the external packaging of both boxes of fish were exposed to temperatures that had previously been shown to be lethal to zebrafish. However, internal temperatures and, more specifically, water temperature, stayed within 24.0 to 26.5^°C during shipment, resulting in 100% survival of adult zebrafish. This novel method of tracking packaging temperatures of live fish during shipping can help to inform fish health status on arrival.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334002/pdf/cm2022000195.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10603459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FELASA-AALAS Recommendations for Biosecurity in an Aquatic Facility, Including Prevention of Zoonosis, Introduction of New Fish Colonies, and Quarantine.","authors":"Jean-Philippe Mocho,&nbsp;Chereen Collymore,&nbsp;Susan C Farmer,&nbsp;Emmanuel Leguay,&nbsp;Katrina N Murray,&nbsp;Nuno Pereira","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000042","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>FELASA and AALAS established a joint working group to advise on good practices for the exchange of fish for research. In a first manuscript, the working group made recommendations for health monitoring and reporting of monitoring results. The focus of this second related manuscript is biosecurity in fish facilities. First, we define the risk of contamination of personnel by zoonotic pathogens from fish or from system water, including human mycobacteriosis. Preventive measures are recommended, such as wearing task-specific personal protective equipment. Then we discuss biosecurity, highlighting the establishment of biosecurity barriers to preserve the health status of a facility. A functional biosecurity program relies on integration of the entire animal facility organization, including the flow of staff and animals, water treatments, and equipment sanitation. Finally, we propose 4 steps for introducing new fish colonies: consideration of international trade and national restrictions; assessing risk according to fish source and developmental stage; establishing quarantine barriers; and the triage, screening, and treatment of newly imported fish. We then provide 3 realistic sample scenarios to illustrate practical biosecurity risk assessments and mitigation measures based on considerations of health status and quarantine conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334003/pdf/cm2022000149.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032305","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FELASA-AALAS Recommendations for Monitoring and Reporting of Laboratory Fish Diseases and Health Status, with an Emphasis on Zebrafish (<i>Danio Rerio</i>).","authors":"Jean-Philippe Mocho,&nbsp;Chereen Collymore,&nbsp;Susan C Farmer,&nbsp;Emmanuel Leguay,&nbsp;Katrina N Murray,&nbsp;Nuno Pereira","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000034","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The exchange of fish for research may expose an aquatic laboratory to pathogen contamination as incoming fish can introduce bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses capable of affecting both experimental results and fish and personnel health and welfare. To develop risk mitigation strategies, FELASA and AALAS established a joint working group to recommend good practices for health monitoring of laboratory fish. The recommendations address all fish species used for research, with a particular focus on zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio)</i>. First, the background of the working group and key definitions are provided. Next, fish diseases of high impact are described. Third, recommendations are made for health monitoring of laboratory fishes. The recommendations emphasize the importance of daily observation of the fish and strategies to determine fish colony health status. Finally, report templates are proposed for historical screening data and aquatic facility description to facilitate biohazard risk assessment when exchanging fish.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334007/pdf/cm2022000127.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10032301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of Alfaxalone and Tricaine Methanesulfonate Immersion Anesthesia And Alfaxalone Residue Clearance In Rainbow Trout (<i>Oncorhynchus Mykiss</i>).","authors":"Daniel J Savson, Shoshana S Zenilman, Carmen R Smith, Erin K Daugherity, Bhupinder Singh, Rodman G Getchell","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000052","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-22-000052","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Alfaxalone, a synthetic neuroactive steroid, has been tested as an immersion anesthetic in ornamental fish, but its safety and efficacy in sport fish have not been investigated. In the current study, we compared the physiologic and behavioral effects of alfaxalone with those of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS222) for anesthesia of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) via water immersion. We also analyzed alfaxalone-exposed tissues to determine residue clearance times. Fish were anesthetized for 10 min by immersion in low-dose alfaxalone (A_low; 5 mg/L induction, 1 mg/L maintenance), high-dose alfaxalone (A_high; 5 mg/L induction, 2 mg/L maintenance), or MS222 (MS; 150 mg/L induction, 100 mg/L maintenance). Fish received all 3 treatments, separated by a washout period of at least 18 d in a blinded, complete crossover design. We hypothesized that immersion in A_low or A_high would provide a stable plane of anesthesia in rainbow trout, with dose-dependent time to recovery, and that opercular rates and depths of anesthesia would be equivalent to that of MS222. The time to anesthesia induction was longer for alfaxalone than MS222 but averaged less than 100 s. The time to recovery from anesthesia was also longer for alfaxalone than MS222, with significantly shorter recovery time for A_{low than for Ahigh}. All treatments decreased opercular rate and response to noxious stimuli. Alfaxalone residue clearance was greater than 80% from all tissues within 1 h, greater than 99% from muscle within 4 h, and 100% from all tissues within 36 h after exposure. We conclude that alfaxalone immersion at 5 mg/L for induction and 2 mg/L for maintenance provides a safe, viable alternative to MS222 for the anesthesia of rainbow trout.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9334004/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46330405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of Exogenous ATP on Melanoma Growth and Tumor Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice.","authors":"Yali Lei, Xu Zhou, Yang Zhao, Jianfa Zhang","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000099","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000099","url":null,"abstract":"Altered energy metabolism (glucose, lipid, amino acid) is a hallmark of cancer growth that provides the theoretical basis for the development of metabolic therapies as cancer treatments. ATP is one of the major biochemical constituents of the tumor microenvironment. ATP promotes tumor progression or suppression depending on various factors, including concentration and tumor type. Here we evaluated the antitumor effect of extracellular ATP on melanoma and the potential underlying mechanisms. A subcutaneous tumor model in mice was used to investigate the antitumor effects of ATP. Major lymphocyte cell changes and intratumoral metabolic changes were assessed. Metabolomic analysis (1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) was performed on tumor samples. We measured the activities of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and LDHB in the excised tumors and serum and found that ATP and its metabolites affected the proliferation of and LDHA activity in B16F10 cells, a murine melanoma cell line. In addition, treatment with ATP dose-dependently reduced tumor size in melanoma-bearing mice. Moreover, flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that the antitumor effect of ATP was not achieved through changes in T-cell or B-cell subsets. Metabolomics analysis revealed that ATP treatment simultaneously reduced multiple intratumoral metabolites related to energy metabolism as well as serum and tumor LDHA activities. Furthermore, both ATP and its metabolites significantly suppressed both tumor cell proliferation and LDHA activity in the melanoma cell line. Our results in vivo and in vitro indicate that exogenous ATP inhibits melanoma growth in association with altered intratumoral metabolism.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47929438","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Gender of Authors in Laboratory Animal Medicine and Science in 2 Peer-Reviewed U.S. Journals.","authors":"S. Niemi, D. Hickman, Robin Crisler","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000041","url":null,"abstract":"Multiple recent surveys have examined the prevalence of female first or senior authors on publications for various scientificand medical disciplines. First and senior authorships are significant achievements for purposes of professional advancement, especially in academia. Such surveys can also provide information regarding diversity and inclusion. In this report, we present the findings of a survey performed to assess how frequently female contributors were first or senior authors in 2 of the most widely-circulated peer-reviewed journals of laboratory animal medicine and science in the United States; data were collected at 3 time points over a recent 20-y span. These data were then compared against estimated populations of potential female authors, as determined from membership rolls in the American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners and theAmerican College of Laboratory Animal Medicine. Survey results suggest that female authors increased their representationas influential authors over time, in contrast to representation trends reported for other disciplines. However, whether thisincrease has mirrored the increase in women overall in the veterinary profession during this time span is unknown. In an era of greater attention and sensitivity to equity and inclusion, this survey is offered as a starting point for further conversation within the field of laboratory animal medicine and science.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44115993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identification and Control of an Ornithonyssus bacoti Infestation in a Rodent Vivarium by Using Molecular Diagnostic Techniques.","authors":"Bridget M Clancy, B. Theriault, Jenna M Schoenberger, Chago J Bowers, C. M. Mitchell, George P. Langan, A. Ostdiek, Kerith R Luchins","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000105","url":null,"abstract":"Ornithonyssus bacoti, commonly known as the tropical rat mite, is a zoonotic ectoparasite that occasionally infests research rodent colonies. Most infestations have been attributed to wild rodents that harbor the mite and spread it to research animals, often during building construction or other activity that disrupts wild rodent populations. Although infestation may be clinically silent, severe outbreaks have been reported to cause pruritis, dermatitis, decreased reproductive performance, and anemia in rodents. In mid 2020, our institution experienced increased activity of wild mice, which were found to be infested with O. bacoti, diagnosed by microscopic exam and confirmed by fur swab PCR analysis. We elected to add O. bacoti to our quarterly health monitoring exhaust air dust (EAD) testing PCR panel, increase wild mouse control measures, and treat the environment with a sustained-release synthetic pyrethroid spray in an attempt to prevent colony animal infestation. Initial quarterly EAD health monitoring results in September of 2020 were negative for O. bacoti. However, in early 2021, multiple IVC racks tested positive for O. bacoti at quarterly testing. Treatment consisted of providing permethrin soaked nesting material and surface spray treatment of the room and hallway with a sustained-release synthetic pyrethroid. Historically in the literature, O. bacoti outbreaks of research mice were not identified until mite burden was high enough to cause dermatitis on animal care workers. Due to modern molecular diagnostics and proactive PCR-based health monitoring surveillance, we were able to identify the outbreak earlier than would have otherwise been possible. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report to successfully identify O. bacoti using environmental health monitoring PCR techniques. This outbreak demonstrates the importance of screening for O. bacoti in facilities with the potential for wild rodent infestation and highlights unique considerations when managing O. bacoti infestations. In addition, a novel permethrin-soaked enrichment item was developed for cage-level treatment.","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2022-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43797654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"<b>Chronic Otitis Externa Secondary to Tympanic Membrane Electrode Placement in Rhesus Macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta)</i></b>.","authors":"Jane A Burton, Alejandro L Tarabillo, Kelsey R Finnie, Katherine A Shuster, Chase A Mackey, Troy A Hackett, Ramnarayan Ramachandran","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000071","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000071","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Otitis externa (OE) is a condition that involves inflammation of the external ear canal. OE is a commonly reported condition in humans and some veterinary species (for example, dogs, cats), but has not been reported in the literature in macaques. Here, we present a case series of acute and chronic OE likely precipitated by abrasion of the ear canal with a tympanic membrane electrode in 7 adult male rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>). All animals displayed purulent, mucinous discharge from 1 or both ears with 3 macaques also displaying signs of an upper respiratory tract (URT) infection during the same period. A variety of diagnostic and treatment options were pursued including consultation with an otolaryngologist necessitated by the differences in response to treatment in macaques as compared with other common veterinary species. Due to the nature of the studies in which these macaques were enrolled, standard audiological testing was performed before and after OE, including tympanometry, auditory brainstem responses (ABRs), and distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). After completion of study procedures, relevant tissues were collected for necropsy and histopathology. Impaired hearing was found in all macaques even after apparent resolution of OE signs. Necropsy findings included abnormalities in the tympanic membrane, ossicular chain, and middle ear cavity, suggesting that the hearing impairment was at least partly conductive in nature. We concluded that OE likely resulted from mechanical disruption of the epithelial lining of the ear canal by the ABR electrode, thereby allowing the development of opportunistic infections. OE, while uncommon in macaques, can affect them and should be included as a differential diagnosis of any macaque presenting with otic discharge and/or auricular discomfort.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9084568/pdf/cm2022000104.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9880708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Th1/Th17-mediated Immunity and Protection from Peripheral Neuropathy in Wildtype and IL10^-/- BALB/c Mice Infected with a Guillain-Barré Syndrome-associated <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> Strain.","authors":"Jean M Brudvig, Matthew M Cluett, Elizabeth U Gensterblum-Miller, James Chen, Julia A Bell, Linda S Mansfield","doi":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000059","DOIUrl":"10.30802/AALAS-CM-21-000059","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> is an important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide and is linked to Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a debilitating postinfectious polyneuropathy. The immunopathogenesis of GBS involves the generation of antibodies that are cross reactive to <i>C. jejuni</i> lipooligosaccharide and structurally similar peripheral nerve gangliosides. Both the <i>C. jejuni</i> infecting strain and host factors contribute to GBS development. GBS pathogenesis is associated with Th2-mediated responses in patients. Moreover, induction of IgG1 antiganglioside antibodies in association with colonic Th2-mediated immune responses has been reported in <i>C. jejuni</i>-infected C57BL/6 IL10^-/- mice at 4 to 6 wk after infection. We hypothesized that, due to their Th2 immunologic bias, BALB/c mice would develop autoantibodies and signs of peripheral neuropathy after infection with a GBS patient-derived strain of <i>C. jejuni</i> (strain 260.94). WT and IL10^-/- BALB/c mice were orally inoculated with <i>C. jejuni</i> 260.94, phenotyped weekly for neurologic deficits, and euthanized after 5 wk. Immune responses were assessed as <i>C. jejuni</i>-specific and antiganglioside antibodies in plasma and cytokine production and histologic lesions in the proximal colon. Peripheral nerve lesions were assessed in dorsal root ganglia and their afferent nerve fibers by scoring immunohistochemically labeled macrophages through morphometry. <i>C. jejuni</i> 260.94 stably colonized both WT and IL10^-/- mice and induced systemic Th1/Th17-mediated immune responses with significant increases in <i>C. jejuni</i>-specific IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 plasma antibodies. However, <i>C. jejuni</i> 260.94 did not induce IgG1 antiganglioside antibodies, colitis, or neurologic deficits or peripheral nerve lesions in WT or IL10^-/- mice. Both WT and IL10^-/- BALB/c mice showed relative protection from development of Th2-mediated immunity and antiganglioside antibodies as compared with C57BL/6 IL10^-/- mice. Therefore, BALB/c mice infected with <i>C. jejuni</i> 260.94 are not an effective disease model but provide the opportunity to study the role of immune mechanisms and host genetic background in the susceptibility to post infectious GBS.</p>","PeriodicalId":10659,"journal":{"name":"Comparative medicine","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9084571/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}