Contemporary Clinical Dentistry最新文献

{"title":"Sequelae of Unreplaced Tooth Loss in Orthodontic Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study in Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.","authors":"Bandar Alyami","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_155_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_155_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The early tooth loss has an adverse effect on the overall well-being of an individual. The aim of the current study was to highlight the orthodontic complications of long-term tooth loss in the city of Najran.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was a cohort study of patients presenting for orthodontic rehabilitation. A total of 326 patients that presented for orthodontic rehabilitation were examined clinically and data such as age, gender, number of missing teeth, missing teeth, duration of missing teeth, tipping, and overerupted and rotated teeth were recorded. Patients that can be treated with orthodontic space closure were excluded from the study. Patients' data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics and results were presented as simple frequencies and descriptive statistics.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 326 patients that presented for orthodontic rehabilitation, 259 patients had missing teeth with its sequelae that will demand prosthodontic rehabilitation with a prevalence rate of 79.4%. There are 97 (37.5%) males and 162 (62.5%) females with M:F ratio of 1:1.7. The age ranged from 15 to 52 years with mean ± standard deviation (28.5 ± 8.5). The age group 21-30 years constitutes the group with the highest number of missing teeth. A total number of 595 (60.2%) teeth were missing, 173 (17.5%) teeth were tipped, and 124 (12.5%) teeth were overerupted, whereas only 97 (9.8%) teeth were rotated (<i>n</i> = 989). Fixed orthodontic appliances (FOAs) were used for all cases with rotation and FOAs + Mini Screws were used for all cases with tipping, overeruption, and/or combinations. The dental loss was managed by prosthesis depending on patients' choice and financial capability ranging from removable/fixed prosthesis and dental implants.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Orthodontic consequences of early tooth loss include tipping and rotation of adjacent teeth and overeruption of opposing teeth. Early acknowledgment of tooth replacement after tooth loss is essential in preventing long-term orthodontic adverse effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"123-127"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e4/b6/CCD-14-123.PMC10399801.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of the Bonding Efficacy of Multimode Adhesive, Two-Step Self-Etch Adhesive, and a Total-Etch System to Pulpal Floor Dentin - An <i>In vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Dhanya Valsan,&nbsp;Sajeev Bhaskaran,&nbsp;Joy Mathew,&nbsp;Krishnan Hari,&nbsp;Joseph Joy","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_754_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_754_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Postendodontic restoration with composite resins has gained popularity due to the development of more reliable adhesives with simplified bonding procedures and less technique sensitivity. Pulpal floor dentin is a complex biological structure and a more challenging bonding substrate. Hence, appropriate selection of the bonding agent for these regions of the tooth is important.</p><p><strong>Aims: </strong>To compare the shear bond strength of a new generation of dental adhesives referred to as multimode adhesives, two-step self-etch adhesive, and a total-etch system to pulpal floor dentin.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Sixty human mandibular molars were sectioned with a slow speed diamond disc to expose the pulp chamber and divided into four groups of 15 teeth each, based on the bonding agent used. Group A: Single bond universal (self-etch); Group B: Single Bond Universal (etch-and-rinse), Group C: Clearfil SE Bond, Group D: Adper Single Bond 2. Using a split Teflon mold, composite cylinders were built on the prepared dentinal surfaces. The shear bond strength was then evaluated with the universal testing machine.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Two step self-etch adhesives recorded higher shear bond strength than total-etch and multimode/universal adhesives applied in both self-etch and etch-and-rinse techniques.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The self-etching/priming system bonded more strongly to the pulpal floor dentin than multimode adhesive and total-etch system.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"104-108"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/49/e9/CCD-14-104.PMC10399809.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Vanishing the Existence of the Mandible?","authors":"Narayan Dutt Pandey,&nbsp;Shrikant Dusane,&nbsp;Bhushan Ramdas Bhagat,&nbsp;Shubhangi Bhushan Bhagat","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_545_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_545_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Phantom bone disease, also known as Gorham's disease, is a rare disorder characterized by the progressive destruction of one or more skeletal bones. Commonly involved bones are the upper and lower extremities. Very few cases have been reported in the maxillofacial region with unilateral mandible being commonly involved. This case, to our knowledge, is the third case of Gorham's disease involving the whole length of the mandible in a 55-year-old female with a brief discussion on its clinical, radiographic, and histopathological presentation and treatment options.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"176-178"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/c4/40/CCD-14-176.PMC10399800.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Evaluation of Smear Layer Removal Efficacy of Neem Leaf Extract, Propolis, and Orange Oil when used as Endodontic Irrigants: An <i>in vitro</i> Scanning Electron Microscopic Study.","authors":"Ria Setia,&nbsp;Nitika Bajaj,&nbsp;Meenu Bhola,&nbsp;Gurlal Singh Brar","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_611_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_611_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In root canal treatment, chemical debridement of the root canal with the help of irrigants is important due to the complex internal anatomy of the teeth. Biomechanical root canal preparation produces a smear layer. It covers the dentinal tubules, which may interfere with the penetration of various irrigants and intracanal medicaments, so the smear layer has to be removed. The potential side effects and certain limitations of chemical irrigants for smear layer removal have led to a shift toward herbal alternatives.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the smear layer removal efficacy of Neem leaf extract, Propolis, and Orange oil as endodontic irrigants using the scanning electron microscope.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Ninety samples were taken and then randomly (simple random sampling method) divided into three experimental groups (<i>n</i> = 30) depending upon different endodontic irrigants used: Group 1-Neem leaf extract, Group 2-Orange oil and Group 3-Propolis and smear layer removal evaluation was done under the scanning electron microscope Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) at all the levels, i.e., coronal, middle, and apical.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The collected data were analyzed using the Chi-square test. Group 1 (Neem leaf extract) showed the highest smear layer removal efficacy, which was followed by Group 2 (Orange oil) and the least efficacy of smear layer removal was shown by Group 3 (Propolis) at coronal, middle, and apical levels.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Group 1 (Neem leaf extract) performed significantly better in removing the smear layer at coronal, middle, and apical levels as compared to the other two groups.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"128-134"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/68/93/CCD-14-128.PMC10399795.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9944370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activity of <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> and <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i>-Mediated Silver Nanoparticles - An <i>In vitro</i> Study.","authors":"Indumathy Pandiyan,&nbsp;Meignana Indiran Arumugham,&nbsp;Sri Sakthi Doraikannan,&nbsp;Pradeep Kumar Rathinavelu,&nbsp;Jayashri Prabakar,&nbsp;S Rajeshkumar","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_369_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_369_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are the nanoparticles of silver between 1 nm and 100 nm in size. In this study, AgNPs were extracted from <i>Ocimum tenuiflorum</i> and <i>Stevia rebaudiana</i> which is a medicinal plant of Indian origin, worshipped by the Hindus and used in Ayurvedic medicine since ancient times.</p><p><strong>Aim: </strong>The aim of the study was to assess the antimicrobial and cytotoxic effect of AgNPs reinforced with the herb <i>O. tenuiflorum</i> and <i>S. rebaudiana</i> against oral pathogens.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>In this <i>in vitro</i> study, the organisms used were <i>Streptococcus mutans</i>, <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp., and <i>Candida albicans</i>. Agar well-diffusion method was used to assess the antimicrobial efficacy of the nanoparticles at 25 mL, 50 mL, and 100 mL. To assess the cytotoxic effect, brine shrimp lethality assay was used.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Zone of inhibition was found to be highest at 100 mL against <i>S. mutans</i>, <i>S. aureus</i>, <i>Lactobacillus</i> sp., and <i>C. albicans</i>. The cytotoxic activity at 5 mL and 10 mL was 0%. The maximum cytotoxicity was seen at 80 mL where 30% of the Nauplii's died.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The findings from this study suggest that AgNPs reinforced with <i>O. tenuiflorum</i> and <i>S. rebaudiana</i> extracts has the potential as an antimicrobial agent and has less cytotoxic effect on brime shrimp and can be used as an alternative to commercially available antimicrobial agents.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"109-114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/e9/47/CCD-14-109.PMC10399804.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9953556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rehabilitation and follow up of a Case of Periodontitis - Generalized, Stage IV, Grade B, Progressive, and with no Risk Factors.","authors":"Sreekanth Puthalath,&nbsp;V C Santhosh,&nbsp;Sameera G Nath,&nbsp;Reshmi Viswanathan","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_733_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_733_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Periodontitis results in loss of periodontal attachment. This case report focuses on diagnosing a special case of periodontitis that required extreme care and maintenance. The peculiarities of this case are that based on 1999 American Academy of Periodontology classification this is a case of generalized aggressive periodontitis, but as per the recent 2017 classification, this is a case of periodontitis - generalized, Stage IV, Grade B, progressive and with no risk factors. Although this case is ideal for surgical management using regenerative techniques, it has been limited to mechanical therapy and laser due to patient-related economical factors. Within the limitations, this case has been successfully managed by dental laser and strategic implants. Despite all the limitations, 1-year follow-up shows periodontal stability and bone regeneration as evidenced through series of panoramic radiographs (OPG).</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"166-170"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0f/4f/CCD-14-166.PMC10399796.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9955822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Bond Strength of Root Canal Filling after Calcium Hydroxide Removal with a Simple Apical Negative Pressure Kit in Oval-Shaped Root Canal.","authors":"Warat Leelapornpisid,&nbsp;Thanapat Sastraruji,&nbsp;Phumisak Louwakul,&nbsp;Anat Dewi","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_583_21","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_583_21","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a simple irrigating device, which produced from the apical negative pressure concept, as a final irrigating method after calcium hydroxide (CH) medication on the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer in the oval-shaped root canal.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight single-rooted premolars with oval-shaped canals were included in the study. The crown was decoronized and canal instrumented with Mtwo (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) up to size 40/04. The specimens were assigned to four groups according to the irrigation protocol after 1 week of CH medication: control group (no medication) and three experimental groups conventional needle irrigation (CNI), passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and simple apical negative pressure kit (sANP). The teeth were obturated with a warm vertical technique using epoxy resin-based sealers. After 1 week, the roots were transversally sectioned at coronal, middle, and apical thirds. A push-out test was performed by a universal testing machine, and statistical analysis was performed using One-Way ANOVA with Duncan's <i>post hoc</i> test.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The bond strength in the control group was significantly higher than the CNI group in all root canal thirds (<i>P</i> < 0.05). At coronal third, sANP showed lower bond strength than PUI group (<i>P</i> < 0.05). However, the bond strength of sANP group was comparable to the control group (<i>P</i> > 0.05) which was significantly higher than the PUI group at apical third (<i>P</i> < 0.05).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>A sANP enhanced the bond strength of epoxy resin-based sealer in the apical third of CH-medicated root canal in the oval-shaped canal.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"98-103"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/13/81/CCD-14-98.PMC10399799.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9955826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Association of Serum Interleukin-10 Level with Glycemic Status to Predict Glycemic Alteration with Periodontitis: A Cross-Sectional, Observational Study.","authors":"S K Aziz Ikbal,&nbsp;Sanjay Gupta,&nbsp;Vandana Tiwari,&nbsp;Gurpreet Dhinsa,&nbsp;Neelu Verma","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_537_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_537_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background and aim: </strong>Studies showed bidirectional relationship between chronic periodontitis (CPD) and diabetes. This study was conducted to estimate the levels of serum interleukin (IL)-10 in patients with CPD and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) to evaluate the association of serum IL-10 levels with glycemic status and to evaluate the influence of periodontal inflammation on glycemic control.</p><p><strong>Setting and design: </strong>A cross-sectional observational study.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>Eighty patients were divided into four groups consisting of 20 patients in each group. Group 1: healthy control, Group 2: T2DM without chronic periodontitis, Group 3: chronic periodontitis only (CPD), and Group 4: T2DM with chronic periodontitis (CPD). Plaque index, gingival index, pocket probing depth, clinical attachment loss, random blood sugar, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) level were recorded for categorizing patients into aforestated groups. Serum IL-10 level was measured by ELISA kit.</p><p><strong>Statistical analysis used: </strong>ANOVA statistics and <i>post hoc Tukey's</i> test were performed for comparing individual groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>IL-10 was detected lowest in Group 3 followed by Group 4. Highest level of IL-10 was found in the healthy group then in Group 2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>IL-10 levels have an inverse relationship with HbA1c. Lowest level of IL-10 in CPD dictates periodontal inflammation itself influences in regulating serum IL-10 level and poor glycemic control. Serum IL-10 level may be one of the predictors of glycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"152-156"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/65/8f/CCD-14-152.PMC10399803.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9955827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bioimpedance: A Tool for Screening Oral Cancer - A Systematic Review.","authors":"Vaibhav Gupta,&nbsp;Usha Agrawal,&nbsp;Poonam Goel","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_195_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_195_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The successful management of cancer depends on proper screening and treatment methods. Bioimpedance spectroscopy (BIS) is an established technique in detecting breast cancer, cervical cancer, and prostate cancer. This systematic review sought to investigate the current evidence regarding the clinical application of bioimpedance in the detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral potentially malignant disorders.</p><p><strong>Study design: </strong>The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to perform this review. Electronic databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar were searched till March 2022. Articles published in the English medical literature on human participants report on the application of BIS in the screening of precancerous and cancerous lesions. The primary endpoint was defined as the ability to differentiate between normal and cancerous tissue.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 6754 articles were identified; of which 481 were eligible for inclusion. Only five articles met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. Qualitative analysis for each study was done to assess the data provided. All the studies demonstrated a significant divergence in BIS metrics between cancerous and normal tissue at 20 Hz and 50 KHz.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Bioimpedance appears to be a promising novel tool for the detection of various malignancies which can be used in community screening due to its noninvasiveness and portability.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"91-97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/03/c8/CCD-14-91.PMC10399808.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Antibacterial and Antibiofilm Effect of Amoxicillin and <i>Mangifera indica</i> L. Leaves Extract on Oral Pathogens.","authors":"Sheila Soesanto,&nbsp;Evangelista Rachel Hepziba,&nbsp;Yasnill,&nbsp;Armelia Sari Widyarman","doi":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_399_22","DOIUrl":"10.4103/ccd.ccd_399_22","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>This study aimed to determine the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of amoxicillin combined with extract of <i>Mangifera indica</i> L. leaves against <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>.</p><p><strong>Materials and methods: </strong>This was an experimental laboratory <i>in vitro</i> study with a posttest-only control group design. An antibacterial test using the plate count method and an antibiofilm test using the microtiter plate biofilm assay method were conducted. The research samples comprised extract of <i>M. indica</i> L. leaves with a concentration of 100%; amoxicillin and extract concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%; and amoxicillin. Dimethyl sulfoxide served as a negative control and co-amoxiclav served as a positive control.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The combination of amoxicillin and the extract exhibited an antibacterial effect against <i>S. aureus</i> at a concentration of 12.5% and higher and more effective than co-amoxiclac <i>P. gingivalis</i> at a concentration of 3.125% and higher. In the antibiofilm test, the combination of amoxicillin and the extract at a concentration of 25% after 1 h of incubation and a concentration of 6.25% after 3 h of incubation inhibited <i>S. aureus</i>. The inhibition of <i>S. aureus</i> biofilms at a concentration of 100% after 24 h of incubation was as effective as that of co-amoxiclav. The extract at a concentration of 25% over the entire incubation period showed more potent inhibition against the <i>P. gingivalis</i> biofilm than co-amoxiclav.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The ethanolic extract of <i>M. indica</i> L. leaves and the combination of amoxicillin and the extract have the potential to inhibit the growth and formation of <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>P. gingivalis</i> biofilms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10632,"journal":{"name":"Contemporary Clinical Dentistry","volume":"14 2","pages":"145-151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/oa_pdf/0d/b4/CCD-14-145.PMC10399797.pdf","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"9950590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}