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Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Floral Scent Emitted by Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter, a Mediterranean Food-Deceptive Orchid 巴利亚(Barlia robertiana)花香的时空变异特征地中海食物欺骗兰花

Compounds Pub Date : 2022-01-27 DOI: 10.3390/compounds2010004

V. Romano, L. Rosati, S. Fascetti, Anna Maria Roberta Cittadini, R. Racioppi, R. Lorenz, M. D’Auria

{"title":"Spatial and Temporal Variability of the Floral Scent Emitted by Barlia robertiana (Loisel.) Greuter, a Mediterranean Food-Deceptive Orchid","authors":"V. Romano, L. Rosati, S. Fascetti, Anna Maria Roberta Cittadini, R. Racioppi, R. Lorenz, M. D’Auria","doi":"10.3390/compounds2010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds2010004","url":null,"abstract":"This study on Barlia robertiana aims to: (1) assess whether scent is variable between populations; (2) evaluate whether scent composition may be related to geographical variables; (3) assess whether there are VOC differences during the flowering phase; and (4) assess whether there are yearly VOC variabilities. SPME sampling was used. Fourteen plants, collected along an ecological gradient, were analyzed. A multivariate analysis was performed through ordination and hierarchical cluster analysis. Compositions versus geographic distances were also analyzed using Mantel test. Seventy compounds were identified. Multivariate analyses and Mantel tests detected no correlations between VOC composition and both geographic and ecological variables. These results may suggest that there is no adaptation of floral scent to local environments. VOC compositions during the flowering phase showed a slight change but a strong variability between individuals. A huge difference was found in the pairwise comparison of the plants analyzed in different years. The high scent variability can be interpreted as a strategy of a non-rewarding but allogamous species to not allow the learning by pollinators. In fact, disrupting the association among floral scent signals with the lack of nectar may enhance the fruit set via a higher probability of being visited by insects.","PeriodicalId":10621,"journal":{"name":"Compounds","volume":"78 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76088796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

Estimation of Avocado Oil (Persea americana Mill., Greek “Zutano” Variety) Volatile Fraction over Ripening by Classical and Ultrasound Extraction Using HS-SPME–GC–MS 鳄梨油(Persea americana Mill)的评价。用HS-SPME-GC-MS对希腊“Zutano”品种成熟过程中的挥发分进行经典提取和超声提取

Compounds Pub Date : 2022-01-17 DOI: 10.3390/compounds2010003

Marinos Xagoraris, Eleni Galani, L. Valasi, Eleftheria H. Kaparakou, Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou, P. Tarantilis, C. Pappas

{"title":"Estimation of Avocado Oil (Persea americana Mill., Greek “Zutano” Variety) Volatile Fraction over Ripening by Classical and Ultrasound Extraction Using HS-SPME–GC–MS","authors":"Marinos Xagoraris, Eleni Galani, L. Valasi, Eleftheria H. Kaparakou, Panagiota-Kyriaki Revelou, P. Tarantilis, C. Pappas","doi":"10.3390/compounds2010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds2010003","url":null,"abstract":"The study of flavors and fragrances is a topic of rising interest from both marketing and scientific perspectives. Over the last few years, the cultivation of avocados has accelerated in Greece, with production levels elevated by 300%. There has been increasing attention from a number of growers and consumers on avocado oil, the volatiles of which form a key part of consumers’ purchase decisions. A previously unevaluated Zutano cultivar was chosen for this study. Extraction of the pulp oil was performed during three phases of ripening using Soxhlet and ultrasound techniques. Headspace-solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were utilized in order to analyze the isolated volatile fraction. At least 44 compounds, including mainly terpenoids (61.7%) and non-terpenoid hydrocarbons (35.9%), presented in the Zutano variety, while (1S,6S,7S,8S)-1,3-dimethyl-8-propan-2-yltricyclo[4.4.0.02,7]dec-3-ene (a-copaene) and (1R,9S,Z)-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undec-4-ene (β-caryophyllene) were in higher abundance. The composition of the volatiles was unaffected by the extraction techniques but was influenced by the ripening stage. Thus, during maturation, the volatile fraction fluctuates, with a significantly higher abundance of terpenoids during the fourth day of the ripe stage, whilst it decreases during over-ripening. These findings demonstrate that the Zutano variety can be used to produce an aromatic oil and hence could be used, among others, as an ingredient in cosmetic products.","PeriodicalId":10621,"journal":{"name":"Compounds","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88279243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Compounds: New Challenges 化合物:新的挑战

Compounds Pub Date : 2022-01-04 DOI: 10.3390/compounds2010001

J. Mejuto

引用次数: 1

Glucosylimidazolium Hydroxide: A Bench-Stable Carbohydrate Based Building Block 氢氧化葡萄糖氨基咪唑:一种稳定的碳水化合物

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-12-07 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1030014

Johannes Schnegas, S. Jopp

引用次数: 2

Synthesis of Optically Active Bicyclic Derivatives of Nitroimidazoles 光学活性硝基咪唑双环衍生物的合成

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-12-02 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1030013

Justyna Żwawiak, L. Zaprutko

引用次数: 2

Modern Software for Computer Modeling in Quantum Chemistry and Molecular Dynamics 量子化学和分子动力学计算机建模的现代软件

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-11-16 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1030012

M. V. Malyshkina, A. Novikov

引用次数: 5

Distribution and Role of Oct-1-en-3-ol in Marine Algae Oct-1-en-3-ol在海藻中的分布及作用

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1030011

I. Jerković, S. Radman, S. Jokić

引用次数: 1

GC-MS Analysis and In Silico Approaches of Indigofera heterantha Root Oil Chemical Constituents 靛蓝根油化学成分的气相色谱-质谱分析及计算机方法研究

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-09-28 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1030010

M. Zeb, T. Rahman, M. Sajid, Weilie Xiao, S. Musharraf, S. Bibi, T. Akitsu, W. Liaqat

引用次数: 4

3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review 3D打印在药物输送和生物医学应用:最先进的审查

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1030009

M. A. Mahmood

{"title":"3D Printing in Drug Delivery and Biomedical Applications: A State-of-the-Art Review","authors":"M. A. Mahmood","doi":"10.3390/compounds1030009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3390/compounds1030009","url":null,"abstract":"Personalized medicines are gaining popularity day by day as they empower patient genomics and assist in improved drug design with minimum side effects. Various dosages can be combined into one dose that fits the patient’s requirements. For this purpose, 3D printing is a new technology to produce medicine based on patient needs. It utilizes controlled devices to prepare active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) in a layer-wise fashion to develop an appropriate tailored drug transport structure. It contains numerous methods, including inkjet printing and fused deposition modeling. For this purpose, scientists have used various materials, including polyvinyl alcohol, polylactic acid and polycaprolactone. These materials have been applied to design and develop forms that are suitable for tuning the drug release. Different forms of dosages, including tablets (immediate and pulsatile release) and transdermic dosages, can be produced using the 3D printing technique. Furthermore, the 3D printing technique can also be used to prepare customized medicines to treat life-threatening diseases. In the case of patients needing various medicines, a 3D printer can be used to design and manufacture only one dosage incorporating different medicines. This article reviewed 3D printing utilization for customized medicines based on one’s needs. Various methods and materials used in medicine 3D printing were discussed with their applications.","PeriodicalId":10621,"journal":{"name":"Compounds","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89186166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Volatile Organic Compounds from Orchis Species Found in Basilicata (Southern Italy) 巴西利卡塔(意大利南部)兰科植物的挥发性有机化合物

Compounds Pub Date : 2021-09-02 DOI: 10.3390/compounds1020008

Marisabel Mecca, R. Racioppi, V. Romano, L. Viggiani, R. Lorenz, M. D’Auria

引用次数: 9