Comprehensive psychiatry最新文献

{"title":"Exploring suicidal behaviour through implicit identity and control biases: Findings from the Death-Implicit Association Test and its novel control-adaptation","authors":"Lara Marie Aschenbrenner ,&nbsp;Adriana Frei ,&nbsp;Thomas Forkmann ,&nbsp;Dajana Schreiber ,&nbsp;Heide Glaesmer ,&nbsp;Juliane Brüdern ,&nbsp;Maria Stein ,&nbsp;Marie-Anna Sedlinská ,&nbsp;Kristina Adorjan ,&nbsp;Sebastian Walther ,&nbsp;Anja Gysin-Maillart","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152621","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152621","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>This study examined two <em>Death-Implicit Association Test</em> versions targeting associations between the self-concept (standard identity D-IAT; iD-IAT) and internal versus external control (adapted control D-IAT; cD-IAT) and death among suicide attempters. Additionally, correlations with explicit psychological variables and psychometrics were explored.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>116 psychiatric inpatients (58.1 % female; age <em>M</em> = 33.6, <em>SD</em> = 12.4) were classified as single versus multiple and recent versus lifetime suicide attempters. Implicit associations were measured using the iD-IAT and cD-IAT. Self-report measures included constructs relevant to suicidal behaviour.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Recent attempters showed weaker self-life (<em>t</em>(114) = 2.18, <em>p</em> = .016) and internal control-life (<em>t</em>(114) = 2.26, <em>p</em> = .013) associations than lifetime attempters. Multiple attempters exhibited weaker internal control-life associations than single attempters (<em>t</em>(114) = 2.25, <em>p</em> = .007). The iD-IAT correlated with suicidal ideation (<em>r</em>_s(114) = 0.20, <em>p</em> = .032), depression (<em>r</em>_s(114) = 0.20, <em>p</em> = .033) and external control (<em>r</em>_s(114) = 0.21, <em>p</em> = .021), the cD-IAT with suicidal ideation (<em>r</em>_s(114) = 0.25, <em>p</em> = .006) and depression (<em>r</em>_s(114) = 0.26, <em>p</em> = .006). The cD-IAT predicted multiple attempts (χ²(1116) = 3.88, <em>p</em> = .049), showed higher internal consistency (<em>r</em>_sb =. 31, <em>p</em> = .001) and predictive validity in detecting multiple (AUC = 0.64; <em>p</em> = .013) and recent (AUC = 0.62; <em>p</em> = .028) attempters than the iD-IAT.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The cD-IAT shows preliminary potential to differentiate suicidal behaviour based on recency and frequency, offering a tentative step toward understanding cognitive vulnerabilities of at-risk subgroups, warranting further refinement, validation and prospective analyses.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152621"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144587731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Affective dysregulation and sex differences in somatic symptom disorder: A 6-month longitudinal and mediation analysis","authors":"Yuna Jang ,&nbsp;EKyong Yoon ,&nbsp;Arum Hong ,&nbsp;Hye Youn Park","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152626","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152626","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objectives</h3><div>Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is characterized by persistent physical symptoms and excessive emotional responses, but the influence of emotional factors such as anger and alexithymia on symptom severity and course remains unclear. This study examined whether baseline levels and six-month changes in emotional factors are associated with somatic symptom severity and course in SSD, considering sex.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Eighty-three SSD patients and 80 age- and sex-matched healthy controls completed self-report measures of emotional and somatic symptoms at baseline and six-month follow-up. Changes in symptom levels were compared between patients and controls. Emotional factors associated with symptom severity and change were also examined. Linear mixed models, multiple regression, and Bayesian mediation analyses were employed.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Compared to controls, the SSD group showed significant improvement in somatic symptoms over six months. Trait anger was significantly associated with somatic symptom severity in females, and an interaction between anxiety and trait anger predicted symptom severity. Within the SSD group, reductions in anxiety and alexithymia were significantly associated with symptom improvement. Mediation analyses supported indirect pathways between affective change and symptom reduction.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>This prospective study highlights the contribution of emotional dysregulation to both the severity and course of somatic symptoms in SSD. The findings emphasize the relevance of sex differences and emotion-focused mechanisms in symptom maintenance and improvement, supporting the need for tailored interventions in SSD treatment.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152626"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Corrigendum to “Neural mechanism of non-adaptive cognitive emotion regulation in patients with non-suicidal self-injury” [Comprehensive Psychiatry Volume 133 (2024) 152487]","authors":"Nan Lang ,&nbsp;Sichu Wu ,&nbsp;Yuan Zhong ,&nbsp;Wenkun Lei ,&nbsp;Yiwen Xiao ,&nbsp;Yaming Hang ,&nbsp;Ya Xie ,&nbsp;Zhangwei Lv ,&nbsp;Yumin Zhang ,&nbsp;Xinyao Liu ,&nbsp;Minlu Liang ,&nbsp;Congjie Zhang ,&nbsp;Pei Zhang ,&nbsp;Hua Yang ,&nbsp;Yun Wu ,&nbsp;Qiuyu Wang ,&nbsp;Kun Yang ,&nbsp;Jing Long ,&nbsp;Yuan Liu ,&nbsp;Suhong Wang ,&nbsp;Chun Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152601","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152601"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144076553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Investigating attentional bias in low-dependence smokers with steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs): Linking wanting, liking, and neural responses","authors":"Domonkos File ,&nbsp;Bela Petro ,&nbsp;Lili Kővári ,&nbsp;Petia Kojouharova ,&nbsp;Zsófia Anna Gaál ,&nbsp;Zsolt Demetrovics ,&nbsp;István Czigler","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152627","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152627","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>While traditional electrophysiological measures such as ERPs have been successfully used to study individual differences, their signal-to-noise ratio often limits the precision of single-subject analyses. To address this, the present study had two primary aims: (1) to explore the utility of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) method for investigating addiction-specific cognitive processes and (2) to examine the relationship between the imbalance of self-reported wanting and liking, and the neural correlates of tobacco smoking-related attentional bias. A total of 39 participants, including smokers (<em>N</em> = 22) and non-smokers (<em>N</em> = 17), were exposed to a passive visual oddball paradigm comprising rapidly flickering stimuli under two conditions: neutral (e.g., office tools) and smoking-related (e.g., cigarettes). Neural activity was recorded using EEG, and frequency-specific SSVEP responses were analyzed to assess attentional bias toward smoking-related stimuli. The results demonstrated that SSVEPs effectively captured the well-documented attentional bias effect between smokers and non-smokers. Furthermore, beyond group-level comparisons, SSVEPs proved suitable for examining attentional bias at the individual level, allowing for the investigation of correlations between neural responses to smoking cues and the difference between self-reported wanting and liking (WmL) imagined before, during and after smoking. A moderate to strong positive correlation was observed specifically for WmL-after and attentional-bias, supporting two conclusions: (1) SSVEPs represent a promising tool for assessing addiction-specific cognitive processes, and (2) self-reported assessments of incentive sensitization theory (IST) may be associated with attentional bias characteristic of addictive behaviors. These findings highlight the potential value of self-report measures in human IST research and underscore the need for further investigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152627"},"PeriodicalIF":4.2,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144861311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Single-dose (10 mg) psilocybin reduces symptoms in adults with obsessive-compulsive disorder: A pharmacological challenge study","authors":"Luca Pellegrini ,&nbsp;Naomi A. Fineberg ,&nbsp;Sorcha O'Connor ,&nbsp;Ana Maria Frota Lisboa Pereira De Souza ,&nbsp;Kate Godfrey ,&nbsp;Sara Reed ,&nbsp;Joseph Peill ,&nbsp;Mairead Healy ,&nbsp;Cyrus Rohani-Shukla ,&nbsp;Hakjun Lee ,&nbsp;Robin Carhart-Harris ,&nbsp;Trevor W. Robbins ,&nbsp;David Nutt ,&nbsp;David Erritzoe","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a common and disabling condition. A large proportion of patients fail to respond to first-line treatment with serotonin reuptake inhibitors either selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or clomipramine. Preliminary evidence suggests psilocybin, a serotonin receptor agonist, might be efficacious. We conducted a pharmacological challenge study to investigate the efficacy and mechanisms of effect of psilocybin in OCD. This analysis reports the clinical outcomes only.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Participants with a diagnosis of OCD of at least moderate severity, received two single doses of oral psilocybin, 1 mg followed by 10 mg, administered in fixed order separated by 4 weeks. On the day of dosing, they were treated in a day-care facility in the presence of clinicians experienced in the use of psychedelics for treating mental disorders. Psychological support was provided before, during and after dosing. Participants and raters were blinded to the order of treatment. They were assessed on the day before each dose (baseline 1, 2), on the day of dosing and at intervals over a 4-week period afterward using the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS) (primary clinical outcome) and secondary clinical outcomes including the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Adverse effects were also recorded.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Nineteen adult participants (aged 20–60) entered the study and 18 completed all assessments. Clinical outcomes following 1 mg and 10 mg psilocybin were compared using a linear mixed-effects model and ANOVA. A significant between-dosage effect favouring 10 mg psilocybin was found one-week after dosing on the Y-BOCS (Cohen's <em>d</em> = 0.82, <em>p</em> = 0.002). In particular, the effect one-week after dosing was statistically significant on the compulsion subscale of the Y-BOCS (Cohen's d: 0.74, <em>p</em> = 0.003), compared to obsession (Cohen's d: 0.50, <em>p</em> = 0.06). The effect diminished over the subsequent 3 weeks. No effect of psilocybin was detected on the MADRS. Psilocybin was well tolerated, with few adverse events reported at both dosages and no serious adverse events.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>In this study, which was limited by a small sample size and the absence of randomisation, a 10 mg dose of oral psilocybin was found to be well-tolerated and potentially efficacious in patients with OCD. Psilocybin produced a rapid-onset, moderate to large effect on compulsive symptoms, which lasted up to one week after dosing. Future randomised placebo-controlled clinical trials investigating a longer course of multiple weekly doses of 10 mg psilocybin are indicated in OCD and in other obsessive-compulsive and related disorders characterised by compulsions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152619"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144562825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unraveling the neurophysiological underpinnings of social anxiety through body language: An ERP study","authors":"Jiajia Jin ,&nbsp;Xinyi Zhu ,&nbsp;Wen Lian ,&nbsp;Lu Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Body language plays a vital role in emotion perception, yet the involuntary neural mechanisms through which individuals with social anxiety process these signals remain unclear. This research investigates these mechanisms by analyzing visual components such as P3a, P1, and N190 within a three-stimulus oddball paradigm.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Participants were classified into high social anxiety (HSA, <em>n</em> = 31) and low social anxiety (LSA, <em>n</em> = 26) groups using the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS). The paradigm employed custom-designed distractors depicting positive, negative, and neutral body expressions to examine the involuntary processing of these stimuli.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The findings indicate that individuals with high social anxiety (HSA) showed significantly higher P3a amplitudes than those with low social anxiety (LSA), especially for positive body expressions. In contrast, negative expressions elicited the weakest amplitudes. The N190 component responded most strongly to positive expressions and least to negative ones, while the P1 component showed uniform responses across all types.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>HSA individuals process body expressions more intensely and are highly sensitive to them, regardless of valence. This insight can inform interventions targeting their cognitive and emotional biases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152617"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144492175","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of stress on the relationship between relief-seeking and cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety: A virtual reality cue exposure study","authors":"Lara R. Piccoli ,&nbsp;Lucy Albertella ,&nbsp;Alexandra Ghiţă ,&nbsp;Chao Suo ,&nbsp;Shuo Chen ,&nbsp;José Gutiérrez-Maldonado ,&nbsp;Karyn Richardson ,&nbsp;Murat Yücel ,&nbsp;Rico Sze Chun Lee","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152624","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152624","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>Stress is well-known to increase alcohol craving and alcohol cue-induced anxiety in individuals with alcohol use disorder (AUD). While previous research suggests that individuals who drink for relief experience strong alcohol cravings and associated anxiety, the interaction between stress and relief-seeking motives in predicting craving and anxiety responses to alcohol cues is not well understood. Using a virtual reality cue exposure paradigm, this study investigated the moderating role of stress on the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety. We hypothesised that individuals with AUD who report high relief-seeking motives would show greater cue-induced craving and anxiety when exposed to a psychosocial stressor, compared to those not exposed to the stressor.</div></div><div><h3>Method</h3><div>Forty-nine participants were randomised into stress (<em>n</em> = 24) or no-stress (<em>n</em> = 25) exposure groups. Participants completed the Habit, Reward, and Fear Scale to measure drinking motives and visual analogue scales to measure cue-induced alcohol craving and anxiety. Heart rate and subjective stress were measured throughout the session.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Stress moderated the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced alcohol craving (β = 1.90, <em>p</em> = .015); those with high relief-seeking motives exhibited greater cue-induced alcohol craving when stressed (β = 1.65, <em>p</em> = .011). Stress did not moderate the relationship between relief-seeking motives and cue-induced anxiety (β = 1.55, <em>p</em> = .148).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Individuals with high relief-seeking motives exhibit greater cue-induced alcohol craving when stressed, highlighting their increased vulnerability to harmful drinking and relapse, particularly during stressful situations. Further research is required to elucidate the cognitive-affective mechanisms of relief-driven drinking to inform more targeted interventions for these at-risk individuals.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152624"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144655923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Flowers for Algernon: How metacognition affects quality of life in schizophrenia. Structural equation modeling with the FACE-SZ cohort","authors":"Solène Frileux ,&nbsp;Nathan Faivre ,&nbsp;Mathieu Urbach ,&nbsp;Nathan Vidal ,&nbsp;Hugo Bottemanne ,&nbsp;Fabrice Berna ,&nbsp;Cristobal Belmonte ,&nbsp;Laurent Boyer ,&nbsp;Delphine Capdevielle ,&nbsp;Julie Clauss ,&nbsp;Isabelle Chéreau ,&nbsp;Thierry D'Amato ,&nbsp;Caroline Dubertret ,&nbsp;Julien Dubreucq ,&nbsp;Guillaume Fond ,&nbsp;Sylvain Leigner ,&nbsp;Pierre-Michel Llorca ,&nbsp;Jasmina Mallet ,&nbsp;David Misdrahi ,&nbsp;Baptiste Pignon ,&nbsp;Paul Roux","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and hypothesis</h3><div>We examined the association between metacognitive performance, functioning, and quality of life (QoL) in schizophrenia using structural equation model analyses.</div></div><div><h3>Study design</h3><div>A sample of 249 participants was assessed for symptoms, functioning, QoL, and both objective and subjective cognitive performance. Metacognitive performance was defined as the adequation between objective and subjective measures of cognitive performance.</div></div><div><h3>Study results</h3><div>Our model showed an excellent fit (CFI = 0.981; RMSEA = 0.014–0.081) and explained 53.3 % of the variance in functioning and 50.3 % in QoL. Metacognitive performance was not significantly associated with functioning but showed a negative association with QoL (<em>β</em> = −0.383, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001). Thus, a greater underestimation of one's cognitive abilities was linked with lower QoL, potentially reflecting heightened awareness of deficits that affect well-being. Depression, also negatively associated with QoL (<em>β</em> = −0.359, <em>p</em> &lt; 0.001), was linked to the underestimation of cognitive abilities, whereas symptom severity was associated with their overestimation (β = −0.296, p &lt; 0.001). Complementary analyses suggest that the subjective cognition model closely mirrors that of metacognitive performance, questioning the distinctiveness of metacognition as an explanatory factor in schizophrenia outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Our findings imply that interventions that boost confidence in cognitive abilities, such as cognitive remediation, may improve QoL. Future research should investigate the causal pathways between these factors and explore the role of social cognition, often impaired in schizophrenia, as another mediator. Comprehensive treatment that addresses clinical symptoms, depression, and subjective cognition challenges appear essential to improve outcomes in schizophrenia.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152622"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144672566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shifting organizational sentiment: Qualitative insights from a mental ill-health prevention program for New Zealand firefighters","authors":"Jessica L. Campbell ,&nbsp;Josh Darby ,&nbsp;Paul Oswald ,&nbsp;Lisa Mackay ,&nbsp;Grant Schofield","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Firefighters are regularly exposed to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs), significantly increasing their risk of mental ill-health. Organizational factors such as leadership, support, and workload also influence these outcomes.</div></div><div><h3>Purpose</h3><div>This study evaluates the Whanaungatanga Program, a participatory initiative designed to address organizational factors affecting firefighter well-being, focusing on early changes in sentiment.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>We conducted a qualitative analysis of open-text responses from two surveys (embedded within broader mental health questionnaires) with firefighters and commanders, and semi-structured interviews with commanders. Thematic and sentiment analyses explored perceptions of organizational interventions and the emotional tone in responses across two time points.</div></div><div><h3>Main Findings</h3><div>In the pilot region receiving interventions, organizational sentiment shifted substantially: positive sentiment increased from 13 % to 48 %, negative sentiment decreased over 20 % (from 66 % to 40 %), and themes such as improved leadership visibility emerged, reflecting rapid cultural progress.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>The results highlight the effectiveness of targeted, participatory interventions in fostering positive organizational change. Marked improvements in sentiment indicate that even in high-stress environments, well-designed interventions can lead to substantial benefits in employee sentiment and organizational culture.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152615"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144298138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cognitive performance in young adults who endorse a cannabis use disorder","authors":"Gabrielle Abbott ,&nbsp;Lisa Greenwood ,&nbsp;Jessica G. Bartschi ,&nbsp;Suraya Dunsford ,&nbsp;Isabella Goodwin ,&nbsp;Anastasia Paloubis ,&nbsp;Marianna Quinones Valera ,&nbsp;Eugene McTavish ,&nbsp;Antonio Verdejo-Garcia ,&nbsp;Janna Cousijn ,&nbsp;Gary C.K. Chan ,&nbsp;Nadia Solowij ,&nbsp;Valentina Lorenzetti","doi":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152620","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.comppsych.2025.152620","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Rationale</h3><div>Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is highly prevalent with ∼44 million cases worldwide. CUD has been associated with compulsive use despite experiencing adverse psychosocial outcomes. Such adverse outcomes of CUD have been attributed to altered cognition - a set of mental processes that support the organisation and implementation of goal-directed behaviour. However, the evidence is mixed and limited by methodological issues including inconsistent assessment of CUD and metrics of cannabis use.</div></div><div><h3>Objective/Methods</h3><div>This study examined distinct domains of cognition (i.e., executive function, working memory, episodic memory, verbal reasoning, attention, IQ) in 115 participants aged 18.5 to 32.5 years. We compared performance between 83 participants who endorsed a CUD and 32 controls. We also explored whether the level of problematic cannabis use, and cannabis grams/past month was associated with cognition in CUD. All analyses accounted for alcohol/nicotine use and trait anxiety.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>CUD compared to control participants showed significantly lower IQ, with a strong effect size (<em>p</em> &lt; .001, <em>d</em> = 0.862), which was driven by lower verbal IQ, and survived adjusting for education years. There were no other significant effects of group or associations between cognition, level of problematic cannabis use, or dosage.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Altered cognition in young adults who endorse a CUD may be specific to verbal IQ. Future work is required to confirm whether these findings generalise to CUD samples across the lifespan, including the most vulnerable individuals with a CUD who are seeking or receiving treatment and that endorse comorbid psychopathologies.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10554,"journal":{"name":"Comprehensive psychiatry","volume":"142 ","pages":"Article 152620"},"PeriodicalIF":4.3,"publicationDate":"2025-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144665771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}