{"title":"Semantic generalisable multimodal AI generated content detection via mixture of orthogonal decomposition and product manifold disentanglement","authors":"Qian Liu, Sonja Schimmler, Manfred Hauswirth","doi":"10.1007/s40747-026-02536-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-026-02536-5","url":null,"abstract":"The generalisability of AI-Generated Content (AIGC, e.g., images and videos) detection can be decomposed into two tightly coupled subspaces: a semantic subspace and a forgery subspace. State-of-the-art AIGC detectors primarily focus on enhancing generalisability within the forgery subspace, typically neglecting the influences of the semantic subspace. Moreover, most existing AIGC detection methods consolidate all forged images and videos produced by heterogeneous deepfake generation techniques into a single “fake” class. This design choice overlooks the distinctive characteristics and substantial variability associated with different deepfake generation techniques. To address these limitations, we propose a novel Semantic Generalisable Deepfake Detection (SGDFD) framework that integrates a sparsely gated Mixture of ORthogonal Decomposition (MoORD) architecture. The parameter-efficient fine-tuning strategy based on orthogonal decomposition enhances the generalisation capability of the SGDFD model in AIGC detection, while the MoORD architecture further improves its semantic generalisability. In addition, the SGDFD model learns a product-manifold representation that decomposes the monolithic “fake” class into multiple sub-classes, each corresponding to a distinct deepfake generation method. Extensive experiments conducted on 10 real-world AIGC detection datasets under 3 evaluation protocols demonstrate that the proposed SGDFD model achieves state-of-the-art generalisation performance in AIGC detection across both known and unknown semantic categories.","PeriodicalId":10524,"journal":{"name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","volume":"65 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimized multi-scale dual-modality feature pyramid network for early eye disease classification using fundus and OCT imaging","authors":"R. Kiruthiga, A. Saran Kumar","doi":"10.1007/s40747-026-02507-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-026-02507-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10524,"journal":{"name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149221440","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Drift-aware and privacy-preserving explainable credit scoring for fair decision-making in real world deployment","authors":"Muralikrishnan Mani,Sonaa Rajagopal,K. Hemalatha","doi":"10.1007/s40747-026-02530-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-026-02530-x","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10524,"journal":{"name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209358","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"AI-driven whole-life costing for decision-ready UK public building retrofits","authors":"Ziru Tao,Paul Baguley,Rashid Maqbool,Obuks Ejohwomu","doi":"10.1007/s40747-026-02516-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-026-02516-9","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Public-sector building retrofits in the United Kingdom require decisions that balance whole-life cost, carbon reduction, service continuity and auditability under limited data and constrained capital budgets. This paper develops a decision-ready whole-life costing (WLC) workflow that integrates environmental, social and governance (ESG) priorities with uncertainty-aware artificial intelligence (AI) for public-building retrofit appraisal. The workflow combines national non-domestic Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) and Display Energy Certificate (DEC) data, Public Sector Decarbonisation Scheme (PSDS) delivery evidence and stakeholder inputs to construct a scenario library of public-building archetypes, retrofit actions and appraisal constraints. Stakeholder priorities from interviews, a questionnaire and a co-design workshop are translated into transparent weights using fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (F-AHP). These weights parameterise a reinforcement learning (RL) planner, while a Bayesian convolutional neural network–long short-term memory (BCNN–LSTM) surrogate provides uncertainty-bounded energy, carbon and cost trajectories for repeated policy evaluation. Results show that the workflow supports auditable retrofit sequencing across archetype and budget conditions and improves composite ESG performance relative to conventional WLC-only, £/tCO 2 e and static multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) baselines. For 1000 matched archetype–budget cases, the trained deep Q-network (DQN) decision-search stage achieves a 30.03-fold speedup over traditional scalar feasible-sequence enumeration. The contribution is an integrated and explainable WLC–ESG–AI workflow for early-stage public retrofit decision support. The current validation remains based on public datasets and scenario-level evidence so future work should extend the framework using project-specific metered data, digital twins and live portfolio deployment.","PeriodicalId":10524,"journal":{"name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149209359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"CHM-DTKT: a causal hypergraph selective state space digital twin for deconfounded and temporally grounded knowledge tracing","authors":"Qian Chen","doi":"10.1007/s40747-026-02558-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-026-02558-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10524,"journal":{"name":"Complex & Intelligent Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":5.8,"publicationDate":"2026-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"149210437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"计算机科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}