Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Comparison of aircraft braking performance on wet and snowy runway using BPN test, CEL numerical simulation and LSTM deep learning","authors":"Yuhao Chen,&nbsp;Jin Wu,&nbsp;Yinghui Wu,&nbsp;Yifeng Li,&nbsp;Xiaoxia Lu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104617","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104617","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The assessment of aircraft braking performance on wet and snowy runway under adverse weather condition is a critical issue. This study proposed an integrated experimental-numerical-deep learning research framework to compare and assess aircraft braking performance on wet and snowy runways. Specifically, the framework integrates British Pendulum Number (BPN) tests, Finite element method (FEM) simulation and LSTM deep learning. The BPN test conducted in a self-developed low temperature weather simulation laboratory to evaluate anti-slip performance and investigate the causes of friction degradation on wet and snowy pavement surfaces. FEM simulations employing the Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian (CEL) approach to analyze friction coefficient and velocity decay under both steady-state and unsteady-state conditions, and furhter investigated the influence of key driving condition parameters on anti-skid performance, including velocity, water depth, snow depth, snow type, and slip ratio. Furthermore, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks was utilized to achieve highly accurate velocity decay predictions (with errors ≤0.0095 m/s) based on FEM-derived velocity data, thereby facilitating precise braking distance estimation through time-velocity integration. The research findings revealed distinct friction mechanisms between wet and snowy runways, where hydroplaning predominates on wet surfaces at high velocity, while snow compression reduces pavement roughness even with shallow snow depth (&lt;1 mm depth), and denser snow offers reduced friction. Furthermore, the braking distance predictions showed that runway covered with dense snow require 23 % longer braking distance than wet surface at 150 km/h with 1 mm water depth, and wet conditions presented the highest overrun risk at high velocity, exceeding 3000 m at 200 km/h with 3 mm water depth. Above all, this study provided airport operators with quantitative criteria to evaluate skid resistance and braking performance on both wet and snow-covered runways through multidimensional analysis.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 104617"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Culvert damage assessment and probability modeling in permafrost regions: A case study of the Qinghai-Tibet highway","authors":"Shunshun Qi ,&nbsp;Guoyu Li ,&nbsp;Dun Chen ,&nbsp;Qingsong Du ,&nbsp;Anshuang Su ,&nbsp;Xu Wang ,&nbsp;Liyun Tang ,&nbsp;Yan Zhang ,&nbsp;Miao Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104622","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104622","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Damage to culverts in the permafrost regions of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) presents a significant challenge to highway operations. This study examines culvert damage along the K2890-K3019 section of the QTH through a survey of 85 culverts, integrating ground-penetrating radar (GPR) and temperature probe data. Damage was categorized into three types: culvert body, openings, and surrounding fill, with severity levels classified as slight, moderate, and severe. Distinct damage patterns were observed between slab and pipe culverts. A logistic regression–based probability model with 76 % accuracy was developed to predict settlement and deformation in slab culverts, serving as a valuable tool for culvert maintenance in permafrost regions. Based on the aforementioned research, the pathogenesis of culvert distress was delved into. In addition, the study emphasizes the importance of timely repairs, particularly for minor damage, to prevent further deterioration. These findings can inform the reconstruction and expansion of the QTH and guide the design and maintenance of culverts in other permafrost regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 104622"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144831554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Impact of ice accretion on the aerodynamic characteristics of Wind turbine airfoil at low Reynolds numbers","authors":"Zahra Maleksabet ,&nbsp;Janusz Kozinski ,&nbsp;Ali Tarokh","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104618","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104618","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The issue of ice accretion on wind turbine blades presents a noticeable operational challenge, especially in northern regions of Canada. Ice formation alters the aerodynamic properties of the blades, increasing drag which can severely reduce performance. Two primary types of ice profiles that occur are glaze and rime. In this study, in the first section, the impact of two experimental ice profiles (glaze and rime) on the aerodynamic characteristics of the NACA 64₃–618 airfoil are investigated and compared with the clean airfoil. Large Eddy Simulation is employed to do the simulation, at the Reynolds number of 137,000. In the second section, the aerodynamic characteristics of a parametric ice profile on the mentioned airfoil are studied and compared with the clean airfoil in addition to two experimental ice profiles. The results indicate that although the lift coefficient increases with angle of attack in all cases, the iced airfoils exhibit reduced lift magnitude and altered trends compared to the clean airfoil due to early flow separation that happens because of the ice accretion on the leading edge. However, the drag coefficient exhibits fluctuating behavior due to the varying aerodynamic profiles caused by the different ice profiles. Glaze significantly increases drag, leading to a more pronounced reduction in aerodynamic efficiency compared to rime. Furthermore, in all iced cases, the aerodynamic performance moves forward by 5<span><math><msup><mrow></mrow><mo>°</mo></msup></math></span> compared to clean airfoil.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104618"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144748940","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Galloping mitigation of ice-coated conductors with hybrid nutation dampers under stochastic wind fields","authors":"Yongbo Peng ,&nbsp;Xingchen Guo ,&nbsp;Yi Li ,&nbsp;Jianbing Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104601","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104601","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice-coated conductor galloping represents a critical issue to energy infrastructure security, potentially causing widespread power outages. While the effective mitigation of galloping in ice-coated conductors under realistic stochastic wind conditions remains a significant challenge in field applications. To this end, the present study addresses the galloping mitigation of ice-coated conductors under stochastic wind fields by attaching hybrid nutation dampers (HND). An integrated simulation method is first introduced, including the finite element modeling of ice-coated conductors using 3-node isoparametric cable elements, stochastic wind field simulations utilizing the spectral representation method based on wavenumber–frequency joint power spectra, and the random vibration analysis by virtue of the probability density evolution method. Modeling and parameters design of HND for vibration mitigation of ice-coated conductors are then carried out. Comparative studies are conducted on the amplitude–frequency characteristics, standard deviations and probability densities of ice-coated conductor galloping with and without HND deployments under stochastic wind fields. Key findings indicate that: (1) compared to the uncontrolled conductor, the controlled conductor has reverse transverse horizontal vibration modes since additional HND mass; (2) properly-designed HND serves dual purposes in increasing the critical wind speed for ice-coated conductor galloping and stabilizing the dynamic behaviors of the conductor; (3) similar to the uncontrolled conductor, galloping probability densities of the controlled conductor exhibit a stable periodic propagation; (4) considering stochastic wind loads can result in a safe design of control devices for mitigating ice-coated conductor galloping. This study provides a crucial theoretical foundation for galloping mitigation of ice-coated conductors and anti-galloping design of transmission lines under complex wind environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104601"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Multi-scale investigation of mechanical properties and solidification mechanisms of diverse cementitious materials for solidifying subgrade talik in permafrost regions","authors":"Yuru Wang ,&nbsp;Fujun Niu ,&nbsp;Ziyi Wang ,&nbsp;Zhanju Lin ,&nbsp;Minghao Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104616","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104616","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permafrost degradation enlarges subgrade taliks characterized by high moisture content and low bearing capacity, resulting in weakened soil properties that threaten long-term subgrade stability. Grouting reinforcement using cementitious materials has proven effective for talik stabilization. However, despite the diversity of available cementitious materials, their applicability for subgrade talik solidification remains insufficiently studied, and the reinforcement mechanisms are poorly understood. Therefore, this study employs isothermal calorimetry, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis(TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) to investigate the mechanical properties and micro-mechanisms of taliks solidified with four materials: RT (mineral-based), PMC (polymer-modified cement), KFS (anti-dispersion grout), and PLH (low-heat cement). It further explores the applicability of each material in cold region engineering projects. Results show that different cementitious materials exhibit different hydration heat release patterns in early and late stages. RT demonstrates a relatively low overall heat release, whereas KFS shows the opposite trend. The heat release from highest to lowest in 48 h is KFS (201.91 J/g), PLH (184.25 J/g), PMC (176.67 J/g), and RT (165.77 J/g). Moreover, the strength of KFS-solidified soil is higher than that of the other groups at all curing ages. Additionally, PMC exhibits good thermal stability and appears more suitable for projects in cold regions with significant temperature changes. Through grey relational analysis, the important factors affecting the compressive strength of solidified soil have been identified. This study provides a valuable reference for the innovation and application of cementitious materials in cold region engineering projects.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104616"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144772463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A time domain reflectometry sensor for monitoring pavement icing","authors":"Taryn DiLorenzo ,&nbsp;Xinbao Yu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104614","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104614","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Ice formation on pavements dramatically decreases the safety of winter travel and costs billions of dollars annually for treatment in the United States. This paper presents an innovative sensor that uses dielectric sensing to detect the onset of icing on a pavement surface. The sensor utilizes time-domain reflectometry (TDR) technology to detect the response of the dielectric constant (K_a) to changes in the pavement surface media, thereby characterizing the pavement surface condition. Two stainless steel rods, flat and square, were selected as the sensor probes. The developed sensors were tested under various application scenarios, considering installation embedment, pavement materials (concrete vs. asphalt), and a construction-grade epoxy needed for sensor embedding. The testing of pavement weather scenarios was simulated in a freezer box at selected freezing temperatures, considering surface water ponding and icing, with and without brine treatment. The test results showed that the chosen sensor prototype was responsive to pavement icing development, i.e., the phase change of liquid water to ice, under the influence of the bonding epoxy. An ice-detection algorithm was developed that utilizes the time series of K_a in conjunction with the pavement surface temperature to assess the potential for the formation of pavement surface ice. The developed ice sensor and the signal analysis algorithm can be used for real-time monitoring of the icing conditions on both rigid and flexible pavement surfaces.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104614"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effect of mixing and compaction methods on the physical properties, strength and microstructure of phase change material-modified soils under freeze-thaw process","authors":"Jun Bi ,&nbsp;Yuxuan Pan ,&nbsp;Wenxuan Mu ,&nbsp;Mingyi Zhang ,&nbsp;Guiyu Zhao ,&nbsp;Haoxin Chen ,&nbsp;Pengfei Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104615","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104615","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The complex freeze-thaw process in seasonal frozen ground regions leads to the deterioration of soil properties. In this study, the microcapsule phase change material (mPCM) was applied to strengthen the properties of loess in Lanzhou, China. The variations of volume, surface hardness, wave velocity, strength, and microstructure were investigated under different mixing methods (i.e., drying and wetting mixing methods) and compaction methods (i.e., three layers unidirectional and single layer bidirectional compaction methods). The results showed that the increasing rate of volume for mPCM-modified soils was greater than that for soils without mPCM after the 3rd F-T cycle. The mPCM reduced wave velocity and increased the surface hardness, unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and splitting tensile strength (STS). The mixing methods had less effects on the stress-strain curves, UCS and STS than the compaction methods. For the mPCM-modified soils, the peak strengths of samples compacted by the three layers unidirectional compaction method were larger than that of samples compacted by the single layer bidirectional compaction method. The addition of mPCM filled the pores between soil particles and changed the micro morphological characteristics. The mPCM effectively reduced the percentage of large pores and increased the percentage of medium pores, mitigating the damage of F-T cycles to the pore structure. Compared to the single layer bidirectional compaction method, the three layers unidirectional compaction method results in a more uniform soil sample. Among these preparation methods, the soil samples with wet mixing method and three layers unidirectional compaction method have larger values of UCS and STS.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104615"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144721100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A laboratory study of the impact of varying air-water heat flux on supercooling and frazil ice generation","authors":"Chuankang Pei,&nbsp;Yuntong She,&nbsp;Mark Loewen","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104613","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104613","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation and evolution of frazil ice during river freeze-up is a key source for anchor ice and surface ice formation, both of which significantly impact river hydrology. Anchor ice formation on the riverbed may lead to flooding and accumulations on water intake trash racks may completely block inflows to water treatment plants. Numerous previous laboratory studies have investigated frazil ice generation during classic supercooling events which occur when the upward air-water heat flux remains constant. However, frazil generation when the heat flux varies during a supercooling event, which occurs commonly in the field, has not been explored in laboratory studies. To investigate this phenomenon, a series of controlled laboratory experiments were conducted in which variations in the air-water heat flux were induced by controlling the air temperature during the experiments. Images of frazil particles and flocs were captured while the air temperature was increased or decreased by 10 °C at different times during supercooling events. Varying the heat flux during different supercooling phases led to different responses in the time series of water temperature and frazil ice properties. Increasing the heat flux raised the mean particle number concentration by 25–33 %. Decreasing the heat flux only produced a measurable effect when the change occurred early in the supercooling event, prior to significant ice formation, reducing mean particle and floc number concentrations by 10 and 22 %, respectively. Particle and floc production rates varied by approximately a factor of two when the heat flux was increased or decreased prior to significant ice formation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104613"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Growing trees decrease the frequency of avalanche release in an alpine afforestation in the Swiss Alps","authors":"Natalie Piazza ,&nbsp;Alessandra Bottero ,&nbsp;Johan Gaume ,&nbsp;Giorgio Vacchiano ,&nbsp;Marco Marcer ,&nbsp;Peter Bebi","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104612","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104612","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Forests mitigate the release of snow avalanches by precluding a continuous weak layer and by stabilizing the snowpack. Key factors influencing protective function against snow avalanches include forest density, tree height, tree species, and the size of forest gaps. Field observations highlight tree height as crucial for preventing avalanche release in young forest stands. The effective tree height should range from 1.5 to 2 times the snow height. Despite individual observations, systematic analysis of tree growth, snow height and avalanche activity is lacking. Here, we address this knowledge gap by providing the first quantitative validation of the 2:1 tree-to-snow height ratio, using a unique long-term dataset from the Stillberg afforestation near Davos, Switzerland. Over the past 49 years, we observed a decline in avalanche activity linked to an increasing tree height. The spatial distribution of avalanche-prone areas shifted from widespread releases to localized avalanches in gullies with higher snow accumulations and lower tree densities. Our analysis confirmed that trees at least twice as tall as the snow height reduce avalanches, as shown by the decline in avalanche frequency after 2000 when this tree-to-snow height ratio was exceeded. Even though a greater tree-to-snow height ratio effectively hindered avalanche formation, some snow avalanches still occurred under certain conditions, particularly in gullies with sparse or smaller trees. By integrating long-term data on snow height, tree height, and avalanche release, our study introduces a multi-dimensional framework for understanding avalanche occurrence in a growing afforestation. These results highlight the long-term effectiveness of tree afforestation in reducing avalanche activity at Stillberg, with the potential for additional protection through temporary measures in vulnerable gullies. This emphasizes the need for understanding site-specific vulnerabilities to guide informed forest management strategies for effective avalanche mitigation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104612"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144703900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Simulating sea ice freezing using a continuum mechanical multi-phase and multi-component homogenization framework","authors":"Raghav Pathak ,&nbsp;Seyed Morteza Seyedpour ,&nbsp;Bernd Kutschan ,&nbsp;Andrea Thom ,&nbsp;Silke Thoms ,&nbsp;Tim Ricken","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104591","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104591","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of porous sea ice in the polar oceans is a complex process influenced by the interaction between saline seawater and temperature. As ocean warming and environmental changes continue in these regions, a likely impact on the microstructure of sea ice is expected to occur, which in turn affects the biogeochemical processes associated with ice formation. To better understand and model the phase transition phenomena, this study presents a biphasic model that considers both solid ice and saline seawater within the framework of extended Theory of Porous Media (eTPM). This approach applies a continuum mechanical treatment on multiple phases and components associated with ice and seawater. The model captures phase transition between ice and brine using an interfacial mass transfer method, where the mass exchange is treated as a jump across an interface separating the two phases. This mass production is governed by factors such as heat flux, specific enthalpies, and the interfacial area. The resulting system of equations provides a high-fidelity representation of the ice-brine interactions and is solved using the Finite Element Method (FEM). To validate the approach, the study includes academic test cases as proof of concept.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104591"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144679518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}