Cold Regions Science and Technology最新文献

{"title":"Pore ice evolution and its mechanical influence in a freezing saline sandy soil","authors":"Xiangbo Gao ,&nbsp;Yifan Wang ,&nbsp;Zhaohao Wu ,&nbsp;Rongtao Yan ,&nbsp;Pan Chen ,&nbsp;Liang Lei","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104611","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104611","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Frozen saline sandy soils are widespread in coastal region or riverbank and river delta but rarely studied in the evolution of ice during freezing. This study uses Ottawa sand mixed with a saline solution for in-situ freezing tests and real-time imaging through X-ray CT. Results indicate that ice prefers to form in water-rich pores independent of pore size in coarse-grained soils with large pores. The Logistic model can describe the growth of pore ice, and the growth rate is fastest when the ice content reaches half its maximum. Higher salt-water mass ratio inhibits the pore ice isotropic growth and promotes the anisotropy in ice orientation. Regarding morphology, pore ice tends to evolve from an isotropic compact shape to an anisotropic elongated or bladed shape. Further analysis of sand skeleton deformation reveals that the deformation would diminish as freezing proceeds in unsaturated specimens, while saturated specimen accumulates vertical compressive deformation during freezing. These findings help to understand the evolution of pore ice and potential mechanical behaviors in the freezing of saline sandy soils.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104611"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144685724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Shear behavior of precast pile-soil interface in warm permafrost regions","authors":"Guanfu Wang ,&nbsp;Linhui Lu ,&nbsp;Liam Wotherspoon ,&nbsp;Chuang Lin ,&nbsp;Bo Tian ,&nbsp;Decheng Feng ,&nbsp;Feng Zhang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104609","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104609","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Precast concrete piles are one of the most popular foundations in warm permafrost regions due to their low thermal disturbance of the frozen ground. The mechanical behavior of the precast pile-soil interface needs to be understood to characterize the load transfer mechanism of these precast piles. However, limited studies have focused on precast pile-soil interfacial shear characteristics, especially in warm permafrost regions. To define these interfacial shear characteristics, this study conducted a series of precast pile-soil interfacial shear tests with different soil densities, water contents, shearing rates, and temperatures using an improved high-precision temperature-controlled direct shear apparatus. The results showed that the mechanical properties of the interface varied significantly with temperature, especially in the temperature range of −1.5 °C to −0.5 °C. When the interface was in a frozen state, the shear stress-shear displacement curve first increased rapidly, followed by a softening and a brittle failure. When the interface temperature increased from −1.5 °C to −0.5 °C, the peak shear strength of the interface decreased significantly, accompanied by a reduction in cohesion. A binary medium model for the precast pile-soil interfacial shear behavior under warm permafrost temperatures was proposed and was able to provide a good fit for the test data.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104609"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144663056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis of interaction between aircraft tire and slush-contaminated pavement","authors":"Jing Cai ,&nbsp;Jing Wang ,&nbsp;Yudai Huang ,&nbsp;Qi Li ,&nbsp;Yifei Fan","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104607","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104607","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The airport safety operation on the runway polluted by slush is very prominent during major snowstorms. However, there is a lack of an evaluation method related to aircraft operation on slush-contaminated pavement. Therefore, a critical velocity formula of aircraft tire is derived according to the tire stress on the slush surface, and a finite element model of tire-slush-polluted pavement interaction based on the SPH method is established. The influence of slush thickness and density on tire-slush-polluted pavement interaction is analyzed, and the relationship between slush density, slush water equivalent coefficient, and the threshold of slush thickness allowed for aircraft operation is determined by using the critical water ski velocity equivalence principle and data fitting analysis. It is indicated that, under slush specific gravity, the difference in the predicted critical tire speed between the proposed formula in this paper and the Engineering Sciences Data Unit (ESDU) critical “water skiing” speed formula is less than 4 %. Based on the relation between viscosity and density of slush, it is found that the viscosity of slush gradually decreases with the increase of density of slush and tends to the viscosity of water. When the slush density is constant, the critical velocity decreases with the increase of slush thickness, and the error with the theoretical result is 10.4 %. When the thickness of the slush is constant, the critical hazardous velocity of the wheel decreases with the increase of the density of the slush, and the error from the theoretical result is 6.5 %. According to the relationship between the density of slush and the water equivalent coefficient of slush, the threshold of slush thickness is between 17 and 24 mm when the water film thickness is 13 mm and the density of slush is 650-900 kg/m³, and it gradually decreases with the increase of density.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"240 ","pages":"Article 104607"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144860800","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of pore gas hydrate dissociation on physical properties of frozen soils due to thermobaric conditions change","authors":"Boris A. Bukhanov,&nbsp;Evgeny M. Chuvilin,&nbsp;Sergey I. Grebenkin","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104610","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104610","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Permafrost soils can contain pore gas in the hydrate (clathrate) form. Intrapermafrost gas hydrates were recovered from deep boreholes drilled in cold regions. There are indirect indicators that gas hydrates can exist in shallow permafrost (&lt;150 m) above the present zone of their stability due to the self-preservation effect. Shallow permafrost gas hydrates may be responsible for methane emission and gas blow hazard and thus pose serious risks to engineering structures and facilities for oil and gas production in the Arctic. Metastable gas hydrates are extremely sensitive to various external factors (pressure drop and temperature increase) and, in turn, affect the physical properties of permafrost.</div><div>Changes in strength, thermal conductivity and permeability of frozen hydrate-bearing sandy soils caused by partial dissociation of pore methane hydrates upon pressure drop below the equilibrium and subsequent heating are investigated in laboratory experiments. The experiments reveal shear strength reduction and gas permeability increase due to phase transitions in pore space. The observed consequences of methane hydrate dissociation include formation of cracks and grain defects, changes in relative percentages of pore hydrate and ice, increasing amount of unfrozen liquid water, formation of porous ice and its follows melting (temperature rise). The increase of thermal conductivity after pressure drop is due to the larger share of pore ice which is more thermally conductive than gas hydrate, with follows thermal conductivity decrease cause by pore ice melting and unfrozen water content increasing due to heating.</div><div>The obtained experimental results have implications for geotechnical prediction and monitoring in permafrost and can be include in state standards and recommendations for geotechnical monitoring and civil engineering operations at oil and gas fields in the Arctic.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104610"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An explanatory model for failure modes of compacted snow under uniaxial compression","authors":"Yuanpeng Zheng ,&nbsp;Tao Chen ,&nbsp;Chao Jiang ,&nbsp;Qinghua Huang ,&nbsp;Xiang-Lin Gu","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Uniaxial compression is a primary method for testing compacted snow structures. However, previous categorizations and explanatory models for the diverse failure modes of compacted snow under uniaxial displacement-controlled compression are not completely compatible with observed experimental phenomena. This study distinguishes failure during compression into local and non-local types rather than treating the snow specimen as a whole element. Three components of the compressive stress-strain response of compacted snow cylinders, which exhibit highly variable failure modes, are proposed: fracture force, direct contact force, and pseudo-contact force. As the loading rate increases, the relative contributions of these forces shift, with contact forces becoming more dominant. Then, layered compacted snow cylinders were prepared and compressed to substantiate the proposed explanation and to investigate the effect of weak parts in compacted snow specimens on failure modes, strength and deformation properties. As an application of the new explanatory model, some photos of unlayered compacted snow specimens during compression are presented to exemplify the alternating features of the three resistance components under compression. It is found that weak layers in snow cylinders, commonly hidden in <em>in situ</em> coring, would lead to unrepresentative strength and modulus of deformation values, as well as atypical failure modes showing more irregular mixtures and transitions. Based on these findings, this study suggests refinements for prospective <em>in situ</em> testing of compacted snow structures, including additional constraints on compressive strength determination and a preference for loading rate over strain rate as the primary factor in controlling the compressive loading regime.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144656312","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effects of freeze–thaw cycles on the deformation and microstructure of silt","authors":"Yu-zhi Zhang ,&nbsp;Ya-qian Dong ,&nbsp;Jian-zhou Wang ,&nbsp;Meng Wang ,&nbsp;Yi-han Cui ,&nbsp;Xiao-kang Kou","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104605","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104605","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In cold regions, freeze–thaw cycles affect the deformation and structure of silt. Identifying the characteristics of silt settlement during freezing and thawing is essential for understanding its deformation behavior and improving frost protection. In this study, silt samples were subjected to seven freeze–thaw cycles. Local deformation development was monitored using particle image velocimetry to reveal the underlying microscopic mechanisms. Subsequently, the changes in the microscopic porosity of pulverized soil before and after undergoing freeze–thaw cycles were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy along with mercury-in-pressure porosimetry. Finally, the effects of temperature and moisture on soil deformation and the relationship between the deformation and microstructure were discussed. The results showed that temperature-driven water transport, redistribution, and microstructural changes due to ice–water phase transition were the main causes of soil deformation. During initial freezing, compressive deformation occurred at the top, followed by expansion. During thawing, the soil generally showed a compressive deformation. However, at the beginning of thawing, expansion deformation occurred at the top. After four freeze–thaw cycles, the soil stabilized and showed overall expansive deformation. After seven freeze–thaw cycles, the pore space structure of the soil changed from a small pore space to a medium pore space and then to a large pore space; the pore contour lines became simpler; and the soil structure changed, ultimately leading to expansion and deformation. Our findings shed new light on the deformation mechanism of silt and can help ensure the safety of infrastructure construction in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104605"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144623645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental investigation on dynamic characteristics of hydrophobic modified silt after freezing-thawing under cyclic loading","authors":"Shang Gao ,&nbsp;Xinzhuang Cui ,&nbsp;Xiongying Ma ,&nbsp;Qing Jin ,&nbsp;Xiaoning Zhang ,&nbsp;Hao Zeng","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104606","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104606","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Silt subgrades in seasonally frozen regions are subjected to progressive deterioration under the combined influence of freeze-thaw cycles and traffic loads, resulting in pavement cracking and uneven settlement. This study introduces nano-type hydrophobic material (NT-HM) into silt to enhance silt freeze-thaw resistance. The dynamic stability and freeze-thaw resistance of NT-HM modified silt were studied by dynamic triaxial tests. Based on the shakedown theory, the critical dynamic stress equation of hydrophobic silt under the shakedown limit state is established. The experimental results show that NT-HM wraps the surface of silt particles to form a covalent bond structure to give them hydrophobicity. When the content of NT-HM in silt reaches 0.5 %, the hydrophobic performance reaches super hydrophobic state. After 7 freeze-thaw cycles, the contact angle of the silt with 0.5 % NT-HM content surface only decreased by 2.3 %. The modification effect provided by NT-HM and the confinement effect provided by confining pressure have a coupled superposition effect. Moreover, the addition of NT-HM to silt reduces the sensitivity of the accumulated plastic strain to the cyclic stress amplitude. After seven freeze-thaw cycles, the cumulative plastic strain of the silt with 0.5 % NT-HM content was reduced by 47.7 %–53.1 % compared with the unmodified silt. Hydrophobic modification effectively extends both the plastic shakedown and plastic creep boundaries, with increases of approximately 1.7-fold and 1.4-fold, respectively, compared to the unmodified silt. A cumulative plastic strain model considering the number of freeze-thaw cycles, NT-HM content and stress state was established, which can accurately reproduce the test results. The silt with 0.5 % NT-HM content can still maintain a good skeleton structure after 7 freeze-thaw cycles. This effectively slows down the silt volume changes during the freeze-thaw cycle. This study providing a theoretical basis for hydrophobic material application in seasonally frozen road engineering.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104606"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influences of sub-zero temperature on dynamic tensile behavior of rhyolite porphyry","authors":"Zilong Zhou ,&nbsp;Fanjunhui Mo ,&nbsp;Xin Cai ,&nbsp;Chu Wang ,&nbsp;Chunping Lin ,&nbsp;Yuanping Lai ,&nbsp;Shaohui Tang ,&nbsp;Zhongkang Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104604","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104604","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The mechanical behavior of rock materials in cold regions undergoes significant alterations under sub-zero temperatures. To understand the dynamic tensile properties of rhyolite porphyry (RP) under cryogenic conditions, a series of dynamic Brazilian disc tests were carried out on RP specimens within a temperature range from 10 °C to −40 °C covering a wide range of loading rate utilizing a split Hopkinson pressure bar. The test results demonstrate that, under sub-zero temperature conditions, the dynamic tensile strength (DTS) of RP is dependent on loading rate, increasing exponentially with loading rate across all temperatures. Additionally, at a given loading rate, the DTS initially increases and subsequently declines with decreasing temperature. Scanning electronic microscope (SEM) analysis reveals that the extreme cooling (−20 °C to −40 °C) induces inconsistent mineral shrinkage, generating microcracks that degrade macroscopic strength. The skeleton contraction stress theory is incorporated to computationally quantify freezing-induced contraction stress among distinct mineral constituents within RP specimens, theoretically confirming significant contraction stress differentials between compositional phases. Furthermore, a predictive model for rock strength, integrating temperature and loading rate effects, was developed through response surface methodology. The predicted values from this model showed good agreement with the experimental data, indicating its reliability for rock strength prediction.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104604"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144597123","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical model of vapor flow driven by pot cover effect in frozen soils","authors":"Xu Li ,&nbsp;Qian Wang ,&nbsp;Yangping Yao","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104602","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104602","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The pot cover effect leads to the accumulation of soil vapor beneath the structural cover layers of roads or airport runways, where it undergoes a phase change to ice. This process can induce freeze-thaw degradation of the pavement or concrete, resulting in reduced strength and potential structural failure. The pot cover effect has been well studied in field and indoor experiments, but its soil vapor migration flow calculation model is still a challenge that urgently needs to be solved. To overcome this problem, a new concept of the soil vapor thermal diffusion coefficient is proposed, based on which a simplified soil vapor flow model is derived. Furthermore, the reliability of the model is validated by comparing its calculations with several indoor experimental datasets. The results show that the proposed model can be calculated using measurable macroscopic parameters and provides higher accuracy than traditional models. The findings provide a theoretical basis for studying and mitigating the pot cover effect in roadbeds and airport infrastructure in cold regions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104602"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144631419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineered water repellency to mitigate freeze thaw damages in soils","authors":"Mohammad Wasif Naqvi ,&nbsp;Md Fyaz Sadiq ,&nbsp;Bora Cetin ,&nbsp;Micheal Uduebor ,&nbsp;John Daniels","doi":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104603","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.coldregions.2025.104603","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The freezing of water in soil induces heaving, altering its structure, strength, and stiffness, which compromises pavement integrity. Midwestern U.S., where frost depth reaches 91 cm, heaving can exceed 64 cm, and subsequent thawing destabilizes the soil, increasing pavement failures and maintenance costs. Diverse measures are utilized to reduce the impact of frost heave and thaw settlement, including structural adaptations and neutralization methods, such as insulating pavements and modifying soil. Engineered water repellency can significantly limit water movement, a key factor in frost action, preventing ice segregation. This study evaluates Organosilanes (OSs), silica-based coupling agents that imparts hydrophobicity in soil, for reducing frost heave in highly frost-susceptible subgrade soils. Four distinct subgrade soils with high susceptibility to frost were treated with two different concentrations of OSs and underwent tests to measure frost heave and thaw weakening. The freeze-thaw performance of untreated and treated soils was assessed based on maximum heave, heave rate, moisture distribution, and water intake. The application of the OS-treated soil results in a reduction of the maximum soil heave by up to 96 % and 90 % using OS1 and OS2, respectively. The effectiveness of heave mitigation typically improves as the concentration of the chemical increases. Post-test moisture content in treated soils was significantly lower than in untreated soils, with water migration reduced by up to 97 %. By incorporating water repellency into pavement soils, it is possible to avoid freeze-thaw damage, maintain consistent moisture levels, enhance performance, minimize design uncertainties, reduce expenses related to materials and construction, and decrease emissions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10522,"journal":{"name":"Cold Regions Science and Technology","volume":"239 ","pages":"Article 104603"},"PeriodicalIF":3.8,"publicationDate":"2025-07-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144634027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}