Clinical nutrition最新文献

{"title":"Low serum glycine strengthens the association between branched-chain amino acids and impaired insulin sensitivity assessed before and after weight loss in a population with pre-diabetes: The PREVIEW_NZ cohort","authors":"Jia Jiet Lim ,&nbsp;Utpal K. Prodhan ,&nbsp;Marta P. Silvestre ,&nbsp;Amy Y. Liu ,&nbsp;Jessica McLay ,&nbsp;Mikael Fogelholm ,&nbsp;Anne Raben ,&nbsp;Sally D. Poppitt ,&nbsp;David Cameron-Smith","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.047","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.047","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Aim</h3><div>Accumulation of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) is a hallmark feature of impaired insulin sensitivity. As intracellular BCAA catabolism is dependent on glycine availability, we hypothesised that the concurrent measurement of circulating glycine and BCAA may yield a stronger association with markers of insulin sensitivity than either BCAA or glycine alone. This study therefore examined the correlative relationships of BCAA, BCAA and glycine together, plus glycine alone on insulin sensitivity-related markers before and after an 8-week low energy diet (LED) intervention.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This is a secondary analysis of the PREVIEW (PREVention of diabetes through lifestyle Intervention and population studies in Europe and around the World) Study New Zealand sub-cohort. Eligible participants with pre-diabetes at baseline who achieved ≥8 % body weight loss following an LED intervention were included, of which 167 paired (Week 0 and Week 8) blood samples were available for amino acid analysis. Glycemic and other data were retrieved from the PREVIEW consortium database. Repeated measures linear mixed models were used to test the association between amino acids and insulin sensitivity-related markers (HOMA2-IR, glucose, insulin, and C-peptide).</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Elevated BCAA was associated with impaired insulin sensitivity (p &lt; 0.05), with strength of association (ηp2) almost doubled when glycine was added to the model. However, glycine in isolation was not associated with insulin sensitivity-related markers. The magnitude (β-estimates) of positive association between BCAA and HOMA2-IR, and inverse association between glycine and HOMA2-IR, increased when body weight was higher (Body weight∗BCAA, Body weight∗glycine, p &lt; 0.05, both).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Low serum glycine strengthened the association between BCAA and impaired insulin sensitivity. Given that glycine is necessary to facilitate intracellular BCAA catabolism, measurement of glycine is necessary to complement BCAA analysis to comprehensively understand the contribution of amino acid metabolism in insulin sensitivity.</div></div><div><h3>Clinical trial registration</h3><div>This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01777893).</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 17-25"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The genetically predicted causal associations between circulating 3-hydroxybutyrate levels and malignant neoplasms: A pan-cancer Mendelian randomization study","authors":"Fanghang Ye ,&nbsp;Yucheng Huang ,&nbsp;Liang Zeng ,&nbsp;Na Li ,&nbsp;Liyuan Hao ,&nbsp;Jiayun Yue ,&nbsp;Shenghao Li ,&nbsp;Jiali Deng ,&nbsp;Fei Yu ,&nbsp;Xiaoyu Hu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.044","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.044","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Objective</h3><div>The ketogenic diet or exogenous supplementation with 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) is progressively gaining recognition as a valuable therapeutic or health intervention strategy. However, the effects of 3HB on cancers have been inconsistent in previous studies. This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the causal effects of circulating 3HB levels on 120 cancer phenotypes, and explore the 3HB mediation effect between liver fat accumulation and cancers.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Univariate Mendelian randomization (UVMR) was used in this study to investigate the causal impact of circulating 3HB levels on cancers. We conducted meta-analyses for 3HB-cancer associations sourced from different exposure data. In multivariate MR(MVMR), the body mass index, alcohol frequency and diabetes were included as covariates to investigate the independent effect of 3HB on cancer risk. Additionally, utilizing mediation MR analysis, we checked the potential mediating role of 3HB in the association between liver fat and cancer.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>Integrating findings from UVMR and MVMR, we observed that elevated circulating 3HB levels were associated with reduced risk of developing diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) (OR[95%CI] = 0.28[0.14–0.57] p = 3.92e-04), biliary malignancies (OR[95%CI] = 0.30[0.15–0.60], p = 7.67e-04), hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) (OR[95%CI] = 0.25[0.09–0.71], p = 9.33e-03), primary lymphoid and hematopoietic malignancies (OR[95%CI] = 0.76[0.58–0.99], p = 0.045). Further UVMR analysis revealed that an increase in the percent liver fat was associated with reduced 3HB levels (Beta[95%CI] = -0.073[-0.122∼-0.024], p = 0.0034) and enhanced susceptibility to HCC (OR[95%CI] = 13.9[9.76–19.79], p = 3.14e-48), biliary malignancies (OR[95%CI] = 4.04[3.22–5.07], p = 1.64e-33), nasopharyngeal cancer (OR[95%CI] = 3.26[1.10–9.67], p = 0.03), and primary lymphoid and hematopoietic malignancies (OR[95%CI] = 1.27[1.13–1.44], p = 1.04e-4). Furthermore, 3HB fully mediated the effect of liver fat on susceptibility to DLBCL (OR[95%CI] = 1.076[1.01–1.15], p = 0.034).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>Circulating 3HB is associated with a reduced susceptibility to developing DLBCL, HCC, biliary malignancies, and primary lymphoid and hematopoietic malignancies. The impaired ketogenesis induced by metabolic-dysfunction associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) contributes to risk of DLBCL.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 11","pages":"Pages 137-152"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Soy protein β-conglycinin ameliorates pressure overload-induced heart failure by increasing short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing gut microbiota and intestinal SCFAs","authors":"Nozomi Furukawa ,&nbsp;Miku Kobayashi ,&nbsp;Mikako Ito ,&nbsp;Hiroki Matsui ,&nbsp;Koji Ohashi ,&nbsp;Toyoaki Murohara ,&nbsp;Jun-ichi Takeda ,&nbsp;Jun Ueyama ,&nbsp;Masaaki Hirayama ,&nbsp;Kinji Ohno","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.045","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.045","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background and aims</h3><div>Soybeans and their ingredients have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects on cardiovascular diseases. β-Conglycinin (β-CG), a major constituent of soy proteins, is protective against obesity, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease, but its effects on heart failure remain to be elucidated. We tested the effects of β-CG on left ventricular (LV) remodeling in pressure overload-induced heart failure.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>A transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced pressure overload was applied to the heart in 7-week-old C57BL6 male mice that were treated with β-CG, GlcNAc, or sodium propionate. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were quantified by GC-MS. The effects of oral antibiotics were examined in β-CG-fed mice.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>β-CG ameliorated impaired cardiac contractions, cardiac hypertrophy, and myocardial fibrosis in TAC-operated mice. As β-CG is a highly glycosylated protein, we examined the effects of GlcNAc. GlcNAc had similar but less efficient effects on LV remodeling compared to β-CG. β-CG increased three major SCFA-producing intestinal bacteria, as well as fecal concentrations of SCFAs, in sham- and TAC-operated mice. Oral administration of antibiotics nullified the effects of β-CG in TAC-operated mice by markedly reducing SCFA-producing intestinal bacteria and fecal SCFAs. In contrast, oral administration of sodium propionate, one of SCFAs, ameliorated LV remodeling in TAC-operated mice to a similar extent as β-CG.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>β-CG was protective against TAC-induced LV remodeling, which was likely to be mediated by increased SCFA-producing gut microbiota and increased intestinal SCFAs. Modified β-CG and/or derivatives arising from β-CG are expected to be developed as prophylactic and/or therapeutic agents to ameliorate devastating symptoms in heart failure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 124-137"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142496403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Greater energy surplus promotes body protein accretion in healthy young men: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Yoichi Hatamoto ,&nbsp;Yukiya Tanoue ,&nbsp;Ryoichi Tagawa ,&nbsp;Jun Yasukata ,&nbsp;Keisuke Shiose ,&nbsp;Yujiro Kose ,&nbsp;Daiki Watanabe ,&nbsp;Shigeho Tanaka ,&nbsp;Kong Y. Chen ,&nbsp;Naoyuki Ebine ,&nbsp;Keisuke Ueda ,&nbsp;Yoshinari Uehara ,&nbsp;Yasuki Higaki ,&nbsp;Chiaki Sanbongi ,&nbsp;Kentaro Kawanaka","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.035","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.035","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Caloric overfeeding combined with adequate protein intake increases not only body fat mass but also fat-free mass. However, it remains unclear whether the increase in fat-free mass due to overfeeding is associated with an increase in total body protein mass. We evaluated the hypothesis that overfeeding would promote an increase in total body protein mass.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>In our randomized controlled trial, 23 healthy young men were fed a diet equivalent to their energy requirements with a +10 % energy surplus from protein alone or a +40 % energy surplus (+10 % from protein, +30 % from carbohydrate) for 6 weeks. We estimated total body protein mass by a four-compartment model using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, deuterium dilution, and hydrostatic underwater weighing.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>The 40 % energy surplus over 6 weeks significantly increased body protein mass compared to baseline by 3.7 % (0.44 kg; 95 % confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.67 kg; P = 0.003); however, the 10 % energy surplus did not result in a significant change (0.00 kg; 95 % CI, −0.38–0.39 kg; P = 0.980). A significant interaction between intervention duration (time) and energy surplus (group) was observed for total body protein mass (P = 0.035, linear mixed-effects model), with a trend toward a significant difference in total body protein mass gain between groups (P = 0.059, Wilcoxon rank sum test). The increase in body protein mass due to the energy surplus was correlated with an increase in fat mass (r = 0.820, p = 0.002).</div></div><div><h3>Conclusions</h3><div>A higher energy intake was found to promote an increase in body protein mass in healthy men consuming excess protein, suggesting the importance of energy surplus in body protein accumulation. This effect of energy surplus may be related to factors such as increased body fat mass and the associated secretion of adipokines.</div></div><div><h3>Trial registration</h3><div>The trial was registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trial Registry as UMIN000034158.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 12","pages":"Pages 48-60"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142446209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Letter to the Editor–“Effects of early enteral nutrition on persistent inflammation, immunosuppression, and catabolism syndrome in critically ill patients”","authors":"Shizuka Kashiwagi,&nbsp;Naoki Kanda,&nbsp;Kensuke Nakamura","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.046","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.046","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 11","pages":"Pages 135-136"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Retraction notice to ‘High protein diet improves the overall survival in older adults with advanced gastrointestinal cancer’ [Clinical Nutrition 40/3 (2021) 1376-1380]","authors":"Gustavo D. Pimentel ,&nbsp;Claude Pichard ,&nbsp;Alessandro Laviano ,&nbsp;Renata C. Fernandes","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.021","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2022.04.021","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 10","pages":"Page 2473"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142326847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Malnutrition defined by global leadership initiative on malnutrition criteria impedes home discharge in acute care hospital admissions","authors":"Takeshi Saijo ,&nbsp;Daisuke Mori ,&nbsp;Tomomi Okamoto ,&nbsp;Kiyomi Matsumoto ,&nbsp;Hiromi Sate ,&nbsp;Kohei Fujino ,&nbsp;Hiroki Takeuchi ,&nbsp;Shiho Sakai ,&nbsp;Ryo Ando ,&nbsp;Chika Momoki ,&nbsp;Daiki Habu ,&nbsp;Kayoko Ryomoto","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.040","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.040","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background &amp; aims</h3><div>Limited evidence exists on the association between malnutrition diagnosis using the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) criteria in hospitalized acute care patients and their outcomes; several aspects still require clarification. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between malnutrition, as defined by the GLIM criteria, at the time of acute hospital admission and discharge to home.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>This retrospective observational study was conducted at a hospital that provides acute care in Japan. Adult patients admitted between July 2023 and April 2024 were included in this study. The primary outcome was the number of patients discharged to home, with in-hospital mortality as the secondary outcome. To ensure the reliability of the cohort-wide results, background factors were adjusted using propensity score matching. The two groups were compared based on the presence or absence of malnutrition, as defined by the GLIM criteria at admission. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression analysis was conducted, with the outcome as the dependent variable and malnutrition, diagnosed using the GLIM criteria, as the explanatory variable, adjusting for covariates.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>A total of 1007 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 492 (49 %) were diagnosed without malnutrition, while 515 (51 %) were diagnosed with malnutrition according to the GLIM criteria. In the multivariate logistic regression analysis after matching, malnutrition defined by the GLIM criteria emerged as an independent factor associated with discharge to home (odds ratio [OR] = 0.37, 95 % confidence interval = 0.25–0.56, P &lt; 0.001) when adjusting for age, sex, and various comorbidities. Among the GLIM sub-criteria, reduced muscle mass, reduced food intake or assimilation, and disease burden or inflammation were independently associated with discharge to home. Notably, disease burden/inflammation exhibited the lowest OR among the GLIM sub-criteria for discharge.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Malnutrition diagnosed using the GLIM criteria upon admission in patients admitted to a regional hospital providing acute care was associated with decreased rates of discharge to home and increased in-hospital mortality. Specifically, attention should be paid to the criteria for reduced muscle mass and disease burden or inflammation within the GLIM framework.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 11","pages":"Pages 112-119"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142371183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing colorectal cancer survivorship: Integrating social work to optimize Dietary and lifestyle interventions","authors":"Yi Qiao,&nbsp;Fulin Guo,&nbsp;Pan Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.043","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.043","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 11","pages":"Pages 108-109"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142364711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Oral health perspectives: The benefits of low-inflammatory diet and lifestyle","authors":"Qingyun Li,&nbsp;Yanan Duan","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.042","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.042","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 11","pages":"Pages 154-155"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142388648","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Short-term intermittent fasting and energy restriction do not impair rates of muscle protein synthesis: A randomised, controlled dietary intervention","authors":"Imre W.K. Kouw ,&nbsp;Evelyn B. Parr ,&nbsp;Michael J. Wheeler ,&nbsp;Bridget E. Radford ,&nbsp;Rebecca C. Hall ,&nbsp;Joan M. Senden ,&nbsp;Joy P.B. Goessens ,&nbsp;Luc J.C. van Loon ,&nbsp;John A. Hawley","doi":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.034","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.clnu.2024.09.034","url":null,"abstract":"<div><h3>Background</h3><div>Intermittent fasting (IF) is an effective energy restricted dietary strategy to reduce body and fat mass and improve metabolic health in individuals with either an overweight or obese status. However, dietary energy restriction may impair muscle protein synthesis (MPS) resulting in a concomitant decline in lean body mass. Due to periods of prolonged fasting combined with irregular meal intake, we hypothesised that IF would reduce rates of MPS compared to an energy balanced diet with regular meal patterns.</div></div><div><h3>Aims</h3><div>We assessed the impact of a short-term, ten days, alternate day fasting or a continuous energy restricted diet to a control diet on integrated rates of skeletal MPS in middle-aged males with overweight or obesity.</div></div><div><h3>Methods</h3><div>Twenty-seven middle-aged males with overweight or obesity (age: 44.6 ± 5.4 y; BMI: 30.3 ± 2.6 kg/m²) consumed a three-day lead-in diet, followed by a ten-day controlled dietary intervention matched for protein intake, as alternate day fasting (ADF: 62.5 energy (En)%, days of 25 En% alternated with days of 100 En% food ingestion), continuous energy restriction (CER: 62.5 En%), or an energy balanced, control diet (CON: 100 En%). Deuterated water (D₂O) methodology with saliva, blood, and skeletal muscle sampling were used to assess integrated rates of MPS over the ten-day intervention period. Secondary measures included fasting plasma glucose, insulin, and gastrointestinal hormone concentrations, continuous glucose monitoring, and assessment of body composition.</div></div><div><h3>Results</h3><div>There were no differences in daily rates of MPS between groups (ADF: 1.18 ± 0.13, CER: 1.13 ± 0.16, and CON: 1.18 ± 0.18 %/day, <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). The reductions in body mass were greater in ADF and CER compared to CON (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001). Lean and fat mass were decreased by a similar magnitude across groups (main time effect, <em>P</em> &lt; 0.001; main group effect, <em>P</em> &gt; 0.05). Fasting plasma leptin concentrations decreased in ADF and CER (<em>P</em> &lt; 0.001), with no differences in fasting plasma glucose or insulin concentrations between groups.</div></div><div><h3>Conclusion</h3><div>Short-term alternate day fasting does not lower rates of MPS compared to continuous energy restriction or an energy balanced, control diet with matched protein intake. The prolonged effects of IF and periods of irregular energy and protein intake patterns on muscle mass maintenance remain to be investigated. This trial was registered under Australian New Zealand Clinical Trial Registry (<span><span>https://www.anzctr.org.au</span><svg><path></path></svg></span>), identifier no. ACTRN12619000757112.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":10517,"journal":{"name":"Clinical nutrition","volume":"43 11","pages":"Pages 174-184"},"PeriodicalIF":6.6,"publicationDate":"2024-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142441480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}