CNS Spectrums最新文献

{"title":"Correlation analysis of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children aged 6-14: based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database.","authors":"Xianhua Li, Yan Luo, Xiaodan Zeng, Xuewen Qiu, Yang Hua, Lingling Zhan","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002475","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002475","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-24"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142930824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Liberty or life: the Aotearoa New Zealand perspective.","authors":"Justin Barry-Walsh","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924000579","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>A description is provided of the current situation in Aotearoa New Zealand with regard to compulsory treatment of people with schizophrenia. This is placed within the context of homelessness in New Zealand and the provision of services to the incarcerated mentally ill. There are high rates of homelessness and incarceration and services are struggling to meet their needs. This is particularly a problem for the indigenous population. The current Mental Health Act allows for compulsory treatment of people who as a result of schizophrenia are seriously impaired in their capacity to care for themselves, and this will include people where there is a nexus between homelessness and their illness. The Mental Health Act is being reformed, with a new act likely to emphasize autonomy and capacity to a greater degree. Finally, the author considers the learnings from 5 years working within the Fixated Threat Assessment Centre, which provides a unique perspective on these issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142914031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity associated with valproic acid: a systematic review.","authors":"Kyle Valentino, Kayla M Teopiz, Angela T H Kwan, Gia Han Le, Sabrina Wong, Joshua D Rosenblat, Rodrigo B Mansur, Heidi K Y Lo, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002311","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Recent guidance from UK health authorities strongly cautions against the use of valproic acid (VPA) in persons under 55 because of reevaluated risk of teratogenicity.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To summarize the extant literature documenting VPA-associated anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity.</p><p><strong>Method: </strong>Pubmed, Medline, Cochrane Library, PsychInfo, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar were searched in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Collected data covered study design, participant characteristics, anatomical, behavioral, or cognitive effects, and folic acid outcomes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>122 studies were identified meeting inclusion comprised of studies evaluating anatomical (<i>n</i> = 67), behavioral (<i>n</i> = 28), and cognitive (<i>n</i> = 47) teratogenicity. Twenty studies were identified reporting on the risk mitigation effects of folic acid supplementation. Prenatal VPA exposure is associated with anatomical teratogenicity including major congenital malformations (odds ratio [OR] 2.47-9.30; p < 0.005). Behavioral teratogenicity including autism (OR 1.70-4.38), impaired motor development (OR 7.0), and ADHD (OR 1.39) are also significantly associated with VPA exposure. VPA was associated with intellectual disability and low IQ (hazard ratio [HR] 2.4-4.48, verbal intelligence: Spearman's <i>ρ</i> = -0.436, respectively). Teratogenic effects were dose-dependent across all domains and were significant when compared with controls and other antiepileptic drugs (eg, carbamazepine, lamotrigine, and levetiracetam). Folic acid supplementation does not significantly reduce the hazard associated with VPA.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>VPA is significantly associated with anatomical, behavioral, and cognitive teratogenicity. Folic acid supplementation does not abrogate the risk of teratogenicity associated with VPA exposure. Available evidence supports recommendations to reduce VPA exposure in women of reproductive age.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring the relationship among hikikomori tendencies, autistic traits, computer game use and eating disorder symptoms.","authors":"Barbara Carpita, Benedetta Nardi, Federico Giovannoni, Francesca Parri, Gianluca Cerofolini, Chiara Bonelli, Giulia Amatori, Gabriele Massimetti, Ivan Mirko Cremone, Stefano Pini, Enza Pellecchia, Liliana Dell'Osso","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002335","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The hikikomori phenomenon has recently gained growing global interest, and evidences of its association with other psychopathological dimensions are slowly but steadily emerging. We aimed to evaluate the presence and correlates of hikikomori tendencies in an Italian University population, focusing on its relationships with autism spectrum, pathological computer gaming, and eating disorders. In particular, to our knowledge, no study has yet systematically evaluated the latter association, using psychometric instruments tailored to assess eating disorder symptoms.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>2574 students were recruited via an online survey. All participants were assessed with the Hikikomori Questionnaire-25 (HQ-25), the Adult Autism Subthreshold Spectrum Questionnaire (AdAS Spectrum), the Eating Attitude test-26 (EAT-26), and the Assessment of Internet and Computer Game Addiction (AICA-S).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The results outlined how hikikomori risk was significantly correlated to autistic dimensions, altered eating behaviors, and videogame addiction. The closest relationship was detected with the autism spectrum. Interestingly, pathological computer gaming, most autistic dimensions, and EAT-26 oral control emerged as significant predictors of a greater risk for hikikomori, while the proneness to inflexibility and adherence to routine emerged as negative predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Our findings support the association among hikikomori, autism spectrum, pathological computer game use, and eating disorder symptoms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-12"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in suicide prevention: critical overview of the gaps in suicide risk assessments, multimodal strategies, medicolegal risks, and the emerging evidence.","authors":"Mayank Gupta, Priyal Khurana, Nihit Gupta","doi":"10.1017/S109285292400230X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285292400230X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The CDC reports that the United States has the highest suicide rates in over 80 years. Numerous public policies aimed at reducing the rising suicide rates, such as Aetna's partnership with the American Foundation for Suicide Prevention (AFSP) and the zero-suicide initiative, continue to challenge these attempts. It, therefore, remains imperative to explore the shortcomings of these efforts that hamper their efficiency in reducing suicide rates. Advancements in research over time have sparked scientific skepticism, encouraging re-evaluation of established concepts. The current paper tests prevalent assumptions and arguments to uncover a scientifically informed approach to addressing rising suicide rates in clinical settings.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-11"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anosognosia in Schizophrenia.","authors":"Benjamin Rose, Philip D Harvey","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002323","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142892338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dignity restored: the power of treatment first.","authors":"Jhilam Biswas","doi":"10.1017/S109285292400052X","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S109285292400052X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The perspective article explores systemic issues in psychiatric care, particularly the barriers to timely treatment and the ethical dilemmas involved in involuntary interventions. It further examines the impact of anosognosia-lack of disease insight-on treatment, noting the difficulties in managing care for those unaware of their illness, and scrutinizes training materials from international organizations that might mislabel necessary psychiatric practices as human rights violations, thereby complicating the care landscape. The discussion extends to the legal and societal implications of psychiatric interventions, using Massachusetts' Rogers Guardianship as a case study to highlight the consequences of legalistic approaches to mental health treatment.The article calls for destigmatizing psychiatric treatment and integrating robust, evidence-based practices to improve patient outcomes and healthcare equity. The global mental health policy landscape is urged to recognize the critical role of psychiatric care in restoring health and dignity to individuals with serious mental illnesses, advocating for a more nuanced understanding and application of human rights in mental health.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-5"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142876625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Clozapine rechallenge following myocarditis: a systematic review of rechallenge cases.","authors":"Laura McMahon, Maddison Giudice, Elias Wagner, Alkomiet Hasan, Matthew K Burrage, John Amerena, Cooper Fox, Karl Winckel, Timothy Tanzer, Lesley Smith, Nicola Warren, Dan Siskind, Nicole Korman","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002219","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Introduction and objectives: </strong>Clozapine is the antipsychotic medication with the greatest efficacy in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS). Unfortunately, clozapine is ceased in approximately 0.2% to 8.5% of people due to concerns about clozapine-associated myocarditis (CAM). The opportunity for clozapine rechallenge is important for people with TRS and CAM, due to limited alternative treatments. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal process, monitoring, and dose titration to achieve successful clozapine rechallenge. The study aimed to review the process, monitoring, and dose titration within cases of clozapine rechallenge after CAM, to identify features associated with successful rechallenge.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A systematic review of clozapine rechallenge cases following CAM was conducted. PubMed, EMBASE, Cinahl, and PsycINFO were searched for cases. Reference lists of retrieved articles and field experts were consulted to identify additional studies.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-five cases were identified that described clozapine rechallenge, 31 of which were successful. Successful rechallenge cases generally used a slower dose titration regime with more frequent monitoring than standard clozapine initiation protocols; however, this data was not always completely recorded within cases. Six cases referred to published rechallenge protocols to guide their rechallenge.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The process, monitoring, and dose titration of clozapine rechallenge are inconsistently reported in the literature. Despite this, 69% of case reports detailed a successful rechallenge post CAM; noting limitations associated with reliance on case data. Ensuring published clozapine rechallenge cases report standardised data, including titration speed and monitoring frequencies, is required to guide the development and validation of guidelines for clozapine rechallenge.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142863587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A neuroethical approach to human life, identity, and liberty of schizophrenic patients.","authors":"Alberto Carrara","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924000506","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>This article presents a comprehensive neuroethical framework that seeks to deepen our understanding of human consciousness and free will, particularly in the context of psychiatric and neurological disorders. By integrating insights from neuroscience with philosophical reflections on freedom and personal identity, the paper examines how various states of consciousness from interoception to self-awareness influence an individual's autonomy and decision-making capabilities. The discussion utilizes a multidimensional, bottom-up approach to explore how neurobiological processes underlie different levels of conscious experience and their corresponding types of freedom, such as \"intero-freedom\" related to internal bodily states and \"self-freedom\" associated with higher self-awareness. This stratification reveals the profound impact of neurological conditions on patients' freedom of choice and the ethical implications therein. The insights gained from this analysis aim to inform more tailored and effective treatments for psychiatric patients, emphasizing the restoration of autonomy and respect for their inherent dignity. This work underscores the essential unity of the human person through the lens of neuroethics, advocating for healthcare policies that recognize and enhance the personal freedom of those with mental health challenges.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142812314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Efficacy of esketamine for perinatal depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis - CORRIGENDUM.","authors":"Sabrina Wong, Gia Han Le, Angela T H Kwan, Kayla M Teopiz, Taeho Greg Rhee, Roger Ho, Joshua D Rosenblat, Rodrigo Mansur, Roger S McIntyre","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924002396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/S1092852924002396","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"1"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2024-12-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142799495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}