CNS Spectrums最新文献

{"title":"The relationship of gambling disorder to obsessive-compulsive disorder.","authors":"Jon E Grant, Ibrahim H Aslan, Megha Neelapu, Sophie Boutouis, Laurie Avila, Samuel R Chamberlain","doi":"10.1017/S109285292610114X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S109285292610114X","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Gambling disorder frequently co-occurs with other psychiatric conditions, yet its relationship with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) remains unclear. Emerging evidence suggests impulsivity and compulsivity may be inter-related rather than diametrically opposed constructs, warranting investigation of their clinical overlap. The aim of this study is to examine the rate of gambling disorder in adults with OCD and to explore associated clinical, behavioral, and treatment-related characteristics.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Adults with probable OCD were recruited via online Reddit groups for OCD, OCD clinics, and support groups and completed a cross-sectional survey. OCD symptom types were assessed using the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, and gambling disorder was identified using the Minnesota Impulsive Disorders Interview. Additional measures included gambling severity, impulsivity, and problematic internet use. Group comparisons were conducted between participants with and without gambling disorder.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among 186 adults with OCD, 34 (18.8%) met criteria for gambling disorder. Individuals with comorbid gambling disorder demonstrated significantly greater OCD severity, particularly in ordering, checking, and neutralizing symptoms, and reported later onset of OCD. The comorbid group showed higher impulsivity, greater problematic internet use, and distinct gambling behaviors, including higher rates of online gambling, esports betting, and use of artificial intelligence tools for gambling. They were also less likely to have received pharmacological treatment for OCD.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Gambling disorder in adults with OCD is associated with distinct clinical characteristics, greater impulsivity, problematic internet use, and concerning treatment gaps. These findings highlight the importance of screening for gambling in OCD, and vice versa, and suggest a need for integrated treatment approaches.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148677309","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Review of the impact of short-term use of alprazolam on cognitive, psychomotor, and quality-of-life impairments associated with anxiety disorders.","authors":"Humberto Nicolini, Santosh Basavraj Shirol, Kannan Subramaniam","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101102","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101102","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Anxiety disorders are often associated with impairments in memory, attention, decision-making, and psychomotor function, leading to a reduced quality of life (QoL). Alprazolam, commonly prescribed for acute anxiety disorders, has generated interest regarding its potential impact on anxiety-associated cognitive and psychomotor impairment, especially since effects of short-term use have not been well studied. This review summarizes clinical evidence on the short-term (up to 8 weeks) effects of alprazolam on cognitive performance, psychomotor function, and QoL outcomes in individuals with anxiety disorders. A comprehensive search guided by the participants, intervention, comparisons, and outcomes (PICO) framework identified relevant studies in humans that compared alprazolam with placebo or active comparators. From 1210 articles screened, 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and assessed the short-term impact of alprazolam use on cognition (4), psychomotor function (3), and/or QoL (5). Three of the four studies evaluating cognitive function showed that alprazolam use in adults with panic disorder did not result in any major cognitive impairment. Two of the three studies assessing psychomotor performance demonstrated that short-term alprazolam use either improved or preserved performance. One study recommended gradual upward dose titration to minimize potential negative effects. All five studies found alprazolam enhanced patients' QoL. In conclusion, short-term alprazolam use in anxiety disorders appears to conserve cognitive function and psychomotor performance, with a positive impact on QoL. Elucidating alprazolam's effects on cognitive and psychomotor symptoms, beyond its established anxiolytic action, could support more precise identification of patient groups most likely to derive therapeutic benefit.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e35"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Managing chemobrain: Translational insights and evidence-based psychological interventions.","authors":"Tamás Szekeres, Márta Virág, Magdolna Dank, Péter Kovács","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101096","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101096","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>With the improving survival rates of malignant tumors, the focus of attention in cancer research is shifting toward a better understanding of long-term treatment-related adverse effects that impact quality of life, with particular focus on cancer-related cognitive impairment. This phenomenon, commonly referred to as \"chemobrain\" in the literature, manifests as deficits in attention, memory, processing speed, and executive functions. Although the frequency of objectively measured cognitive deficits detected through neuropsychological assessments are moderate, subjective complaints often result in significant deterioration of quality of life. The present review aims to provide a multidisciplinary overview of chemobrain, emphasizing its epidemiological characteristics, neurobiological and psychosocial factors, and options for evidence-based psychological interventions. Alongside neurotoxic, inflammatory, hormonal, and neuroendocrine mechanisms associated with chemotherapy, the review highlights distress, cognitive compensation, and discrepancies between subjective complaints and objectively measurable cognitive deficits. Diagnostic challenges and evidence-based psychotherapeutic approaches-especially cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), mindfulness-based interventions, and rehabilitation-are also discussed. This analysis highlights the complex nature of chemobrain and the need for further research to develop targeted, individualized therapeutic protocols.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e28"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Pharmacologic modulation of orexin signaling: Impact on glucose-insulin homeostasis and potential mechanism of antidepressant action.","authors":"Roger S McIntyre, Sabrina Wong","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101126","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In addition to their canonical role in sleep-wake regulation, endogenous orexin signaling is implicated in the homeostatic control of reward and motivation, stress and arousal, and glucose-insulin metabolism. Recent research has focused on the development of orexin antagonists, notably seltorexant, as adjunctive treatments in adults with major depressive disorder (MDD). Converging evidence implicates insulin resistance in MDD pathophysiology, highlighting the need to integrate preclinical, pharmacologic, and translational evidence examining the effects of orexin signaling on glucose-insulin homeostasis. A literature review was conducted using PubMed from database inception to June 2025 to identify preclinical and clinical studies examining the metabolic effects of orexin modulation. The search string included the terms related to: orexin, glucose, metabolism, and depression. Results were synthesized qualitatively across experimental models and clinical populations. Evidence indicates that orexin signaling affects multiple aspects of metabolic homeostasis. For example, orexins affect appetitive/consummatory behavior, exert incretin-like effects on insulin release and glucagon suppression, and increase energy expenditure via morphologically transitioning white-to-brown adipose tissue. These effects are mediated through both direct (eg, inhibition of gluconeogenic enzyme expression) and indirect pathways (eg, alterations in sleep architecture and attenuation of sympathoadrenal overactivity). Orexin antagonism, therefore, exerts multi-faceted physiological effects beyond sleep regulation. The antidepressant efficacy of seltorexant in MDD is greater in persons with moderate-to-severe insomnia, while remaining clinically meaningful in persons with less severe insomnia, implicating multiple mechanisms. Modulation of glucose-insulin homeostasis represents a putative, non-mutually exclusive mechanism through which orexin antagonism may contribute to antidepressant effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e37"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Central sensitization syndromes as a neuropsychiatric risk state for dementia: Clinical and epidemiologic perspectives.","authors":"Kevin V Hackshaw","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101114","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101114","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Dementia prevention increasingly targets modifiable midlife risk states contributing to neurodegenerative vulnerability. While vascular and metabolic factors are established, a substantial proportion of risk remains unexplained. Central sensitization syndromes (CSS)-chronic conditions characterized by neural amplification-are highly prevalent, co-occur with depression and sleep disturbance, and involve neuroimmune and network-level mechanisms implicated in early Alzheimer's disease. To synthesize epidemiologic evidence linking CSS with incident dementia and evaluate competing causal explanations, including shared vulnerability, reverse causation, and medication-related confounding. A structured narrative review was conducted of longitudinal cohort and meta-analytic studies assessing incident dementia across CSS-related conditions. Multiple CSS-including migraine, fibromyalgia, irritable bowel syndrome, restless legs syndrome, and PTSD disorder-are associated with modest-to-moderate increases in dementia risk. Multisite chronic pain demonstrates dose-response relationships with hippocampal atrophy and incident dementia. However, many conditions lack dedicated longitudinal studies. Interpretation is limited by residual confounding, reverse causation, healthcare utilization bias, and medication effects. CSS are associated with increased dementia risk but causality remains unproven. Central sensitization may represent a clinically identifiable vulnerability state integrating pain, affective burden, and sleep disruption. This highlights a potentially high-risk population that may not be fully captured by traditional dementia risk models. Biomarker-integrated longitudinal studies and advanced causal modeling are needed to clarify mechanisms.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e29"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148599668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sociodemographic and clinical predictors in patients with borderline personality disorder: A 12-month follow-up study.","authors":"Andrea Aguglia, Gabriele Sapia, Francesco Stefanini, Michela Gagliardi, Noemi Redaelli, Annapaola Mazza, Benedetta Conio, Alessandra Costanza, Mario Amore, Andrea Amerio, Gianluca Serafini","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101084","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101084","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>The care of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) places a significant burden on emergency inpatient mental health services. The aim of this study was to investigate predisposing risk factors for early rehospitalization over 12 months.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>A total of 117 inpatients with BPD were included. The Beck Hopelessness Scale, Adolescent/Adult Sensory Profile, Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced (COPE), and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) were administered.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Forty-seven percent of the sample was rehospitalized. Divorced marital status, current substance abuse, a higher score on the TAS-20 externally oriented thinking score and on the COPE Alcohol and drug disengagement subscales, and a lower score on the COPE. Use of social-emotional support subscale were significantly associated with rehospitalization. Therefore, alcohol and substance misuse, impaired social support, and alexithymia were the most relevant predictors for rehospitalization.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Maladaptive coping, depressive symptoms, and history of high service utilization and multiple high-lethality suicide attempts were also found to be more common in readmitted subjects. Further research could help to better define potential different therapeutic interventions.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e33"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148435323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Qualitative clock-drawing errors across dementia etiologies and mild cognitive impairment: a clinically interpretable six-class framework.","authors":"Ankur Banik, Sandip Pal, Asutosh Pal, Moukoli Pal, Indranil Dutta, Dilip Roy, Amrit Chattopadhyay, Julian Benito-Leon","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101072","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101072","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>To characterize qualitative Clock Drawing Test (CDT) error profiles across dementia etiologies and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and to propose a clinically interpretable six-class framework.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>In a hospital-based study in Kolkata, India, consecutive adults with cognitive impairment completed a free-drawn \"ten past ten\" CDT. Errors were coded using classical qualitative categories and clock components (face, numbers, hands), then collapsed into six classes: conceptual, stimulus-bound/perseveration, spatial, planning, number-related, and graphic-conceptual. For nonexclusive domains, omnibus Pearson χ² tests summarized error distributions across diagnoses; Cramér's V quantified effect size.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Participants included Alzheimer's disease (AD; <i>n</i> = 36), vascular dementia (VaD; <i>n</i> = 16), behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD; <i>n</i> = 9), MCI (<i>n</i> = 19), and other conditions (<i>n</i> = 22). Although 50.0% drew a normal clock face, only 11.8% achieved perfect numbering and 12.7% set the hands correctly. Conceptual errors were most frequent (70.6%), followed by spatial errors (47.1%); neglect and counterclockwise numbering were rare (3.9% each). Error distributions differed by diagnosis for face, numbers, and hands (all <i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>V</i> = 0.4-0.5). The six-class scheme retained a significant distributional association with diagnosis (χ² = 43.365, <i>p</i> = 0.002; <i>V</i> = 0.3): bvFTD showed prominent conceptual and graphic-conceptual failures, AD combined conceptual and spatial errors, MCI emphasized spatial and number-related errors, and VaD was heterogeneous.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Qualitative CDT profiles vary meaningfully across cognitive disorders. This concise six-class framework captures clinically salient patterns, especially in severely degraded drawings, and may complement brief memory screening and digital CDT metrics.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e20"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correlation patterns between lifetime mood spectrum, impulsivity, and disordered eating behaviors in candidates to bariatric surgery.","authors":"Claudia Carmassi, Davide Gravina, Margherita Barbuti, Andrea Bordacchini, Berenice Rimoldi, Debora Andreoli, Andrea Coccoglioniti, Marly Simoncini","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101060","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101060","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objective: </strong>A mutual influence between mood disorders and obesity has been reported. Maladapting eating behaviors associated with mood spectrum swings may play a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of obesity. Considering that, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between problematic eating behaviors, namely emotional eating, grazing and night eating, with impulsivity and lifetime mood spectrum (mood, energy, cognition, rhythmicity and vegetative functions) in severe obese patients seeking bariatric surgery.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>304 obese outpatients were recruited at the Psychiatric Unit of the University Hospital of Pisa. Participants completed psychometric tools including the Emotional Eating Scale (EES), the Italian-Night Eating Questionnaire (I-NEQ), the Grazing Questionnaire (GRAZ), the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), and the Mood Spectrum Self-Report - lifetime version (MOODS-SR). Descriptive analyses and linear correlation were performed.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The sample was predominantly female (71.4%), with a mean age of 47.5 ± 10.9 years and a mean BMI of 43.3 ± 6.3 kg/m². Impulsivity was positively correlated with depressive and manic mood, energy, and cognitive MOODS-SR domains. Emotional eating, night eating, and grazing were significantly associated with the MOODS-SR total score (r=0.422, p=0.000; r=0.321, p=0.001; r=0.321, p=0.000, respectively) and with specific depressive and manic subdomains of the MOODS-SR.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Loss-of-control eating behaviors were positively associated with lifetime depressive and manic mood spectrum features in bariatric patients, highlighting the importance of assessing these dimensions to promote a tailored and integrated treatment.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e19"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148270639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Prevalence, severity, and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder in 205 outpatients with schizophrenia: results from a cross-sectional, observational study assessing diagnoses via the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview.","authors":"Julieta Ramirez, María Delfina Tavella, German Weisbrot, Ricardo Corral, Adrian Cabrera, Alejo Corrales, José Gramajo, Nora Crespi, Christoph U Correll","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101035","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101035","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Objectives: </strong>To report prevalence, severity and clinical and inflammatory correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in patients with schizophrenia.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This cross-sectional, observational study included adult outpatients with schizophrenia/schizophreniform disorder. Assessments included the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptom Severity Scale-Revised, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Calgary Depression Scale for Schizophrenia (CDSS), Global Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF), and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, systemic immune-inflammation index: platelets × neutrophils)/lymphocytes). Analyses compared patients with (SCZ + PTSD) versus without PTSD (SCZ-PTSD) across demographic, clinical, and biological variables.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>SCZ + PTSD had higher PANSS-total scores (80.7 ± 19.5 vs. 71.6 ± 17.1; p = 0.003), more comorbid depression (73.8% vs. 23.3%; p < .001), higher CDSS scores (9.5 ± 4.9 vs. 3.2 ± 4.1; p < .001), more frequent suicide attempts (40.5% vs. 23.0%; p = 0.05), lower GAF scores (39.8 ± 12.3 vs. 49.6 ± 12.3; p < .001) and more medical comorbidities (51.1% vs. 42.8%; p = .014). Inflammatory markers did not differ significantly between groups. Logistic regression analyses identified higher CDSS scores (OR = 1.25, 95% CI [1.15, 1.36], p < .001) and lower GAF scores (OR = 0.96, 95% CI [0.93, 0.99], p = .007) as significant correlates of PTSD (r² = 0.22).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>PTSD is common and clinically relevant in people with schizophrenia, underscoring the need for routine screening and targeted interventions in this population.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e27"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Do patients and clinicians agree on the essential features of OCD?","authors":"Maria Eduarda Moreira-de-Oliveira, Gabriela B de Menezes, Leonardo F Fontenelle","doi":"10.1017/S1092852926101011","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852926101011","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>It is unclear whether patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and expert clinicians agree on the symptoms' qualities that are essential for a diagnosis of OCD. This study examined whether OCD patients and expert clinicians agree on the essential characteristics for an OCD diagnosis. It compared the endorsement rates of various descriptive terms and assessed whether response profiles could predict group membership (patients versus expert clinicians).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Sixty-four OCD patients and 36 OCD expert clinicians answered a questionnaire on their views regarding the defining characteristics of OCD symptoms. It included a compilation of adjectives extracted from DSM-5 to describe disorders in the compulsive-impulsive spectrum. Chi-square tests compared response prevalence between groups and binary regression identified distinguishing features. The significance level was set at 0.05.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>All descriptors differed significantly between OCD patients and expert clinicians (<i>p</i> < 0.01), with clinicians consistently endorsing more items as applicable or essential. Although the logistic regression model significantly distinguished the 2 groups and showed high explanatory power (<i>R</i>² = 0.7) with 99% classification accuracy, no individual descriptors were significant predictors.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There is a mismatch between clinician-defined diagnostic language and patients' subjective experience of OCD, including core symptom descriptors. This gap suggests that current OCD diagnostic construct may not fully capture how patients perceive their condition, potentially limiting its validity and clinical utility. Adopting more patient-centered language could improve assessment, psychoeducation, and treatment engagement.</p>","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e21"},"PeriodicalIF":4.6,"publicationDate":"2026-06-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"148263687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}