CNS Spectrums最新文献_第2页

Recreational drugs repurposed for medicinal use-cannabis. 重新用于医疗用途的娱乐性药物。大麻

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-04-25 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292500032X

Mike Armour, Justin Sinclair, Hannah Adler

{"title":"Recreational drugs repurposed for medicinal use-cannabis.","authors":"Mike Armour, Justin Sinclair, Hannah Adler","doi":"10.1017/S109285292500032X","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S109285292500032X","url":null,"abstract":"Cannabis has a long history as a medicine and was a part of medical practice until the late 19th century. The discovery of cannabidiol (CBD) and ∆9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the mid-20th century, and then the various components of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) over the following decades has again brought cannabis back into the public eye as a potential therapeutic agent. At present, cannabis is being used in the community across the world for both recreational and medical purposes. In the case of medical usage, it may be prescribed by a medical doctor or purchased either legally or illicitly for medical purposes such as symptom relief. Evidence for cannabis as a medicine is still an emerging field, and while potential mechanisms of action for a variety of conditions have been elucidated, including cancer, epilepsy, and chronic pain, high-quality randomized controlled trials in humans are still lacking. Despite popular beliefs, cannabis, like all other medicines, has potential benefits and harms, and long-term consumption of cannabis, even for medical reasons, may not be risk-free. In addition, consumption via modes of administration such as smoking or using a bong may increase the risk of negative health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e41"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143989251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Urgency to Treat and Early Optimized Treatment in Major Depressive Disorder: Consequences of Delayed Treatment, Barriers to Implementation, and Practical Strategies for Clinicians. 重度抑郁症的紧急治疗和早期优化治疗：延迟治疗的后果，实施的障碍，临床医生的实用策略。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-04-14 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000276

Oloruntoba J Oluboka, Jeffrey Habert, Atul Khullar, David J Robinson, Martin Katzman, Larry J Klassen, Claudio Soares, Pratap Chokka, Margaret A Oakander, Roger S McIntyre, Diane McIntosh, Pierre Blier, Sidney H Kennedy, Matthieu Boucher

引用次数: 0

Associations between subjective sleep quality and inflammatory markers in patients with treatment-resistant depression. 难治性抑郁症患者主观睡眠质量与炎症标志物之间的关系

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000227

Mao-Hsuan Huang, Mu-Hong Chen, Pei-Chi Tu, Ya-Mei Bai, Tung-Ping Su, Yee-Lam E Chan, Cheng-Ta Li

引用次数: 0

Neuroethics and treatment without consent. 神经伦理学和未经同意的治疗。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-04-11 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000264

Harry G Kennedy, Mary Davoren

{"title":"Neuroethics and treatment without consent.","authors":"Harry G Kennedy, Mary Davoren","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925000264","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925000264","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: We consider the neuroethics of treatment without consent from a broader perspective than the accepted starting point of functional mental capacities. Notably, in common law jurisdictions, consciousness is seldom admitted in criminal law as a topic for expert evidence of mentalistic defenses or impairments in civil proceedings, yet consciousness and personality are central in Roman law jurisdictions.Methods: The framework we have adopted is to consider treatment without consent under the headings goals, processes, treatment, and evaluation. The ECHR and the judges of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) are drawn from both common law and Roman law jurisdictions, so that their interpretations and precedents may be informative concerning alternatives to strict application of capacity tests.Results: There are variable thresholds for treating without consent according to the complexity and amount of information involved, the seriousness of the consequences of untreated illness, the effectiveness of the treatments available and the benefits of earlier intervention, particularly for disease-modifying treatments. Theory-driven principled approaches and scientific medical process approaches to ethical treatment are contrasted.Conclusions: Carrara's emphasis on the importance of consciousness and its layered dysfunctions as evidence of competence or impairment appears more robust than a narrow approach based only on functional mental capacity. Capacity-whether general or functional, remains amenable to rules of evidence and legal judgment at the expense of increasingly excessive simplification. Carrara's emphasis on the inherent dignity of the person appears most in keeping with modern human rights principles.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e39"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143971550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Which panic-agoraphobic symptoms could be associated with the presence of autistic traits among patients with panic disorder? 在惊恐障碍患者中，哪些惊恐广场恐惧症症状可能与自闭症特征有关？

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-04-10 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000240

Barbara Carpita, Chiara Bonelli, Francesca Parri, Gianluca Cerofolini, Cristiana Pronestì, Benedetta Nardi, Diego Laureti, Gabriele Massimetti, Ivan Mirko Cremone, Stefano Pini, Andrea Fiorillo, Lilliana Dell'Osso

引用次数: 0

The behavioral healthcare continuum in the United States: what should it look like and how we can pay for it. 行为保健连续体：它应该是什么样子以及我们如何支付它。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-03-25 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000197

Elinore F McCance-Katz

引用次数: 0

The role of previous streptococcal infections in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a research study. 既往链球菌感染在成年强迫症患者中的作用：一项研究。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852925000203

Donatella Marazziti, Stefania Palermo, Alessandro Arone, Manuel Glauco Carbone, Lucia Massa, Lara Foresi Crowther, Nicola Schulz Bizzozzero Crivelli, Riccardo Gurrieri, Francesco Weiss, Federico Mucci, Liliana Dell'Osso

{"title":"The role of previous streptococcal infections in adult patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: a research study.","authors":"Donatella Marazziti, Stefania Palermo, Alessandro Arone, Manuel Glauco Carbone, Lucia Massa, Lara Foresi Crowther, Nicola Schulz Bizzozzero Crivelli, Riccardo Gurrieri, Francesco Weiss, Federico Mucci, Liliana Dell'Osso","doi":"10.1017/S1092852925000203","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852925000203","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Autoimmune processes have been documented in both childhood and adulthood patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), with the pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) representing the paradigm of this model.Given the limited information available, the present study aimed at assessing the characteristics of adult patients with OCD exposed to a previous group A β-hemolytic Streptococcus infection, together with some peripheral inflammatory biomarkers.Materials and methods: Fifty-two subjects displaying antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer positivity were recruited from a sample of 247 adult OCD outpatients, diagnosed according to DSM-5 criteria and assessed by the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale. Their clinical features were assessed and compared. The possible relationships between the different parameters were also examined.Results: Thirty-six subjects who were on medication for OCD showed significantly lower ASO titers than the other. The neutrophil count was positively and negatively related to, respectively, the \"distress associated with obsessive thoughts\" item and to the patients' age. The lymphocyte count and folic acid levels were higher in 30 subjects with no perinatal insults.Conclusions: These results seem to suggest that OCD subjects with ASO titer-positivity show a chronic inflammatory state, in spite of no symptoms or recall of bacterial infections, that might be involved in both the onset and the maintenance of OCD, with immunological alterations being related to symptom dimension to be identified. They also support the notion of possible anti-inflammatory effects of some psychotropic compounds.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":" ","pages":"e38"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The current situation of treatment for patients suffering from schizophrenia in the Austrian forensic system. 奥地利法医系统治疗精神分裂症患者的现状。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-03-24 DOI: 10.1017/S1092852924000567

Alexander Dvorak, Patrick Swoboda, Thomas Stompe

{"title":"The current situation of treatment for patients suffering from schizophrenia in the Austrian forensic system.","authors":"Alexander Dvorak, Patrick Swoboda, Thomas Stompe","doi":"10.1017/S1092852924000567","DOIUrl":"10.1017/S1092852924000567","url":null,"abstract":"Treatment of patients suffering from schizophrenia in Austria: Treatment of patients with schizophrenia in the healthcare system is generally voluntary. This applies both to outpatient care provided by specialists in private practice, hospital outpatient clinics, or social psychiatric outpatient clinics and to inpatient care in hospitals. However, there is an exceptional situation in which the patient's freedom of will is restricted by law. This is the case when acute danger to self or others caused by the disorder is present. With the involvement of the district court, the patient advocate, a possible adult representative, and an external expert, the patient's freedom of movement can be restricted for a certain period of time to enable treatment. The acceptance of psychopharmacological therapy remains the patient's decision in this situation, with the exception of explicit authorization by the court. Treatment under the consideration of proportionality, meaning that coercion is only applied in the case of an acute risk of severe bodily harm, is therefore possible for the majority of patients with schizophrenia. However, this does not mean that patients are able to connect to the care network in all cases. Some patients fail because the contact threshold is still too high. In order to reduce this, outreach care has been integrated into the existing services in many cases. These multi-professional teams often manage to establish contact with the patients and thus create a willingness to undergo treatment in order to counteract the long-term consequences, including complete social isolation and disintegration.","PeriodicalId":10505,"journal":{"name":"CNS Spectrums","volume":"30 1","pages":"e31"},"PeriodicalIF":3.4,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143691209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Complexities of competency and informed consent as applied to individuals with symptoms of Anosognosia. 能力和知情同意的复杂性适用于有病感失认症症状的个体。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292400227X

Nina M Labovich

引用次数: 0

Interventions for the unhoused individual with schizophrenia: a civilized plan. 对无家可归的精神分裂症患者的干预：一个文明的计划。

IF 3.4 3区医学

CNS Spectrums Pub Date : 2025-03-21 DOI: 10.1017/S109285292500001X

Charles L Scott

引用次数: 0