Sustainable Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic H2 evolution and H2O2 generation via ZnIn2S4/g-C3N4 heterojunction","authors":"Li Zhou, Yanming Zhou, Yujie Jia, Qiqi Gu, Qiaoyi Xiao, Xiao Wang, Suping Zhang and Hongmei Wang","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00150E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00150E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, ZnIn<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small>/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> heterojunctions were synthesized <em>via</em> an ultrasonic-assisted solvent–evaporation strategy. The structure, morphology, surface chemistry, optical response, and photoelectrochemical behavior were systematically characterized by XRD, TEM, XPS, UV-Vis DRS and PEC measurements. Among the obtained samples, the 7%-ZnIn<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small>/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> nanocomposite delivered the best photocatalytic performance, achieving hydrogen (H<small>₂</small>) and hydrogen peroxide (H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small>) production rates of 1869.1 µmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> and 803.8 µmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small>, respectively. The markedly enhanced activity is mainly ascribed to the formation of a well-defined heterojunction, which promotes efficient spatial separation and directional transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, thereby suppressing recombination. Mechanism analysis suggests that charge migration in the ZnIn<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small>/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> nanocomposites follows a type-II heterojunction pathway. In addition, the photocatalysts exhibit excellent stability and recyclability over repeated cycles. This work highlights ZnIn<small>₂</small>S<small>₄</small>/g-C<small>₃</small>N<small>₄</small> heterostructures as promising photocatalysts for sustainable H<small>₂</small> and H<small>₂</small>O<small>₂</small> production, and provides mechanism insights that offer guidance for designing high-efficiency semiconductor systems for solar energy conversion and green chemical synthesis.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 7","pages":" 1728-1738"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Temperature controlled reversible hydration/dehydration reactions in MgAl-layered double hydroxides for thermochemical energy storage","authors":"Hmida Slimani, Abdechafik El Harrak, Ayoub El Karch, Saad Rmail, Hanane Ait Ousaleh and Abdessamad Faik","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01693B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01693B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a structurally versatile class of materials, yet their potential for thermochemical energy storage (TCES) has remained unexplored. In this work, we present the first demonstration of LDHs as thermochemical storage materials operating through reversible hydration/dehydration reactions. The intrinsic structural flexibility of LDHs, composed of alternating layers of mixed divalent and trivalent cations charge-balanced by interlayer anions, may enable fine control over reaction thermodynamics and energy density. Among various cation/anion combinations, Mg/Al-LDH was synthesized and systematically evaluated as a reference material. Comprehensive structural (XRD, Raman, and Al-NMR) and thermal analyses (TGA, DSC, STA-water vapor) revealed good short-term cyclability for at least 40 cycles, with the material exhibiting a pronounced memory effect (reversibility) with an energy density of 532.4 J g<small>⁻¹</small>. These findings establish that layered double hydroxides could establish a promising family of materials for an extended range of temperature conditions in thermochemical heat storage.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 8","pages":" 1981-1996"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727283","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ketal-rich bio-petroleum from lignocellulosic biomass: a tunable feedstock for green hydrocarbon production under refinery conditions","authors":"Matheus O. de Souza, Thais C. Batista, Debora N. Santos, Deborah V. A. de Aguiar, Boniek G. Vaz, Maurício A. Kasburg, Carlos A. Correia, Marcelo M. Pereira and Leandro S. M. Miranda","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01403D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01403D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The intensive use of fossil feedstocks has raised numerous concerns regarding their environmental impact. As of 2023, renewable energy including modern biofuels, traditional biomass, and other sources accounted for only 8% of global final energy consumption. Recently, our research group developed a novel methodology to convert second-generation biomass into a liquid product, which is a viscous, brown oil composed primarily of carbohydrate-derived <em>O</em>-isopropylidene ketals (CKs), with mono- and di-isopropylidene derivatives of glucose and xylose, called bio-petroleum (BP). Given the successful proof of concept for the direct conversion of BP into green hydrocarbons within refinery processes, the present study seeks to evaluate the capacity of various lignocellulosic biomasses to yield BP. The results presented in this study demonstrate that various lignocellulosic biomasses can be effectively converted into BP enriched in carbohydrate-derived isopropylidene ketals through hydrolysis–ketalization reactions under mild processing conditions. Up to 50% of the original biomass carbohydrate content was recovered in the form of monosaccharide diisopropylidene ketals in a sequence where hemicellulose is first removed, followed by amorphous cellulose, and finally crystalline cellulose. This progression enables temperature-controlled tailoring of BP composition, offering a means of modulating the performance of BPs in refinery downstream upgrading processes for fuel production.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 7","pages":" 1787-1799"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Engineering Mn–Co–Cu hydroxide/oxyhydroxide electrode materials: rational composition optimization for enhanced supercapacitor performance","authors":"Venkatesan Gowsalya, Sankar Sarathkumar, Raji Yuvaraja, Sorna Pandian Anitha Juliet, Selvakumar Veeralakshmi and Selvan Nehru","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01198A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01198A","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p &gt;Ternary mixed metal hydroxide/oxyhydroxide nanomaterials are an interesting class of pseudocapacitive electrode materials for supercapacitor applications, yet the influence of compositional variation on their electrochemical performance remains underexplored. In this work, a series of Mn–Co–Cu hydroxides/oxyhydroxides (marked as MnCoCu–&lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; : &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt; : &lt;em&gt;z&lt;/em&gt;, with &lt;em&gt;x&lt;/em&gt; : &lt;em&gt;y&lt;/em&gt; : &lt;em&gt;z&lt;/em&gt; = 1 : 1 : 1, 3 : 1 : 1, 5 : 1 : 1, 1 : 3 : 1, 1 : 5 : 1, 1 : 7 : 1, 1 : 9 : 1, 1 : 1 : 3, and 1 : 1 : 5, corresponding to Mn&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; : Co&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; : Cu&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; molar ratios) were synthesized &lt;em&gt;via&lt;/em&gt; a simple co-precipitation method, along with the respective monometallic hydroxides or oxyhydroxides, MnO(OH), CoO(OH), and Cu(OH)&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and selected bimetallic counterparts, MnCo–2 : 5 and CuCo–2 : 5. Examination of three-electrode supercapacitor performance of the as-prepared materials using 3 M KOH at 1 A g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; revealed the superior specific capacitance of MnCoCu–1 : 5 : 1 (1684 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) compared to the other materials, which followed the trend MnCoCu–1 : 1 : 5 (299 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–3 : 1 : 1 (404 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; Cu(OH)&lt;small&gt;&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/small&gt; (477 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnO(OH) (509 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–1 : 9 : 1 (608 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; CoO(OH) (651 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–1 : 1 : 3 (683 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–5 : 1 : 1 (684 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; CuCo–2 : 5 (828 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–1 : 1 : 1 (1084 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–1 : 3 : 1 (1124 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCoCu–1 : 7 : 1 (1204 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) &lt; MnCo–2 : 5 (1321 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;) – highlighting the significant synergistic effect of constituent metal hydroxides/oxyhydroxides in the as-prepared materials and underscoring the pivotal role of compositional tuning in enhancing the energy storage performance. Furthermore, the optimized MnCoCu–1 : 5 : 1 composite in a two-electrode asymmetric supercapacitor configuration demonstrated an appreciable energy storage performance, delivering a specific capacitance of 224 F g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, an energy density of 60.8 Wh kg&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;, and a power density of 280 W kg&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt; at 0.4 A g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. Moreover, this composition exhibited appreciable long-term cycling stability, retaining 90% of its initial capacitance and displaying a 92% coulombic efficiency up to 5000 charge–discharge cycles at 5 A g&lt;small&gt;&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/small&gt;. The superior electrochemical performance of MnCoCu–1 : 5 : 1 can be attributed to its optimal composition, offering favorable structural and electrical propertie","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 8","pages":" 2005-2020"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal chalcogenides as emerging triboelectric materials for high-performance energy harvesting devices","authors":"Gopinath M., Rajesh Katru, Navaneeth Madathil, Pembarthi Raju, Khanapuram Uday Kumar, Ravinder Reddy Kisannagar, Inhwa Jung and Rakesh Kumar Rajaboina","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01579K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01579K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The search for efficient, stable, and positive triboelectric materials is urgently needed to advance triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology. Addressing this gap not only enhances device performance but also supports broader sustainability objectives, aligning with SDG-driven efforts toward clean energy, innovation, and responsible material use. While progress has been made with many negative triboelectric materials, the development of their positive counterparts remains limited. Therefore, bridging this gap is essential for achieving higher efficiency TENGs. In the present work, we propose transition metal chalcogenides (TMCs), specifically vanadium tetrasulfide (VS<small>₄</small>), as a new tribopositive material for the first time. The positive triboelectric nature of VS<small>₄</small> is experimentally verified with simple electrostatic interaction tests, surface potential values and TENG-based tests. The VS<small>₄</small>-based TENG achieves an open-circuit voltage of ∼1.52 kV, a short-circuit current of ∼180 µA, a transferred charge of ∼200 nC, and a power density of 14.45 W m<small>⁻²</small> under biomechanical hand-tapping force. The obtained performance is the highest among the sulphur-TMC-based TENGs reported to date. This high-performance TENG device was capable of powering a series-connected array of 720 light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and 6 LED bulbs. The present findings establish VS<small>₄</small> as a new positive material for the development of triboelectric energy harvesting and self-powered systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 7","pages":" 1776-1786"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579115","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tuning operation temperature of charging-free thermally regenerative electrochemical cycles driven by semiclathrate hydrate formation","authors":"Yohei Matsui and Yuki Maeda","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01681A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01681A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrolytes with a strong temperature dependence of the redox potential, denoted as the temperature coefficient, are required to increase the voltage of thermo-electrochemical devices. In our previous study, we revealed that the temperature coefficient of ferrocyanide/ferricyanide redox couple ([Fe(CN)<small>₆</small>]<small>^4−/3−</small>) dramatically increases in a mixture of water and tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) owing to the formation of semiclathrate hydrate (SCH). However, the temperature range in which a high temperature coefficient is obtained is limited to the vicinity of the SCH formation temperature. In this study, we demonstrate that this temperature range can be adjusted using organic salts that provide different SCH formation temperatures, such as tetrabutylammonium chloride and tetrabutylphosphonium chloride (TBPC). Replacing the organic salt affects both the temperature range and magnitude of the temperature coefficient. The calculation using the developed model to evaluate the contribution of SCH formation revealed the origin of the difference in temperature coefficient, such as the dependence of redox potential of [Fe(CN)<small>₆</small>]<small>^4−/3−</small> on organic salt concentration in the liquid phase, and the temperature dependence of organic salt concentration in the liquid phase. Furthermore, we assembled a thermo-electrochemical device for a charging-free thermally regenerative electrochemical cycle using electrolytes with different organic salts. The devices using different organic salts were operated in distinct temperature ranges: 292–297 K for the TBAF-based system and 276–280 K for the TBPC-based system. This study expands the applicability of high-voltage thermo-electrochemical devices driven by the SCH formation.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 7","pages":" 1719-1727"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"DFT-D3 and AIMD investigation of hydrogen storage in the Li-decorated carbon-doped BN analogue of 8-16-4 graphyne","authors":"Radouane Asri, Malak Bounbaâ, Mohamed Khuili, El Houssine Atmani and Nejma Fazouan","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00026F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00026F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Density functional theory (DFT) and <em>ab initio</em> molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations were performed to investigate hydrogen storage in a carbon-doped boron nitride (BN) lattice derived from the 8-16-4 graphyne structure, decorated with lithium atoms. Carbon incorporation into the SBNyne lattice significantly increases the binding affinity of Li adatoms and prevents Li clustering. As a result, the newly developed material 2Li@C-SBNyne contains two strongly bound Li adatoms per unit cell that can adsorb hydrogen molecules efficiently. Each Li atom can coordinate up to four H<small>₂</small> molecules, giving a maximum of eight H<small>₂</small> molecules per C-SBNyne unit cell, with an average adsorption energy of approximately <em>E</em><small>_ad</small> = −0.163 per H<small>₂</small> and a hydrogen storage capacity of 7.12%. The adsorption energy lies within the optimal range for reversible storage, and the gravimetric capacity exceeds the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) 2025 onboard hydrogen storage gravimetric target of 5.5 wt%. Thermodynamic analysis predicts a desorption temperature of approximately 209 K. AIMD runs of 8 ps at 209 K and 300 K show strong adhesion of the Li adatoms to the C-SBNyne lattice and preservation of the molecular integrity of the adsorbed H<small>₂</small>, indicating good thermal stability.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 7","pages":" 1765-1775"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579114","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The role of single-atom catalysts in CO2 electroreduction: insights into performance, design, and future perspectives","authors":"Yudong Liu, Yongchao Niu, Weinan Wang, Yani Hua, Yue Huang, Ao Wang and Zhan Gao","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01714A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01714A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This review highlights the growing importance of electrocatalytic CO<small>₂</small> reduction in sustainable energy production, focusing on overcoming key industrial challenges, such as catalyst instability, poor selectivity, and low energy efficiency. The electrochemical conversion of CO<small>₂</small> into value-added fuels presents an environmentally friendly approach to mitigate pollution and climate change while offering a pathway toward carbon neutrality. This review summarizes recent advancements in the application of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for the CO<small>₂</small> reduction reaction (CO<small>₂</small>RR) <em>via</em> electrolysis. Special attention is given to the various supports for single metal atoms, which are crucial for enhancing catalytic performance. Strategies such as optimizing the coordination environment, utilizing dual-atom sites, and incorporating heteroatom doping and defect engineering for improving the SAC performance are discussed. Finally, future strategies for advancing CO<small>₂</small> electrolysis catalysts are proposed, aiming to address existing challenges and enhance their industrial applicability.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 8","pages":" 1845-1867"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in interfacial engineering of MXene-based photocatalysts for solar CO2 conversion","authors":"Lucky Panwar, Sahil Kohli, Indrani Jha and Garima Rathee","doi":"10.1039/D6SE00066E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D6SE00066E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >MXene-based photocatalysts have emerged as a versatile platform for solar-driven CO<small>₂</small> reduction, offering new routes for sustainable fuel and chemical production. This review first outlines the fundamental structure, electronic/optical properties, and synthesis strategies of MXenes relevant to photocatalysis. It then critically discusses the roles of MXenes in CO<small>₂</small> reduction, including co-catalyst behavior, charge-transfer mediation, and photothermal enhancement, within diverse heterostructure architectures such as 2D/2D junctions, S-scheme and Z-scheme systems, and ternary composites. Particular emphasis is placed on interfacial engineering and surface termination control to optimize charge separation and C<small>₁</small>/C<small>₂</small> product selectivity, along with emerging AI/ML-guided approaches for rational MXene design. Sustainability aspects of MXene synthesis and deployment, including HF-free routes, scalability, energy input, and stability, are also evaluated. Finally, key research priorities are identified, encompassing <em>operando</em> stability, AI-guided termination and interface control, and device-level integration, to guide the development of practical MXene-based photocatalytic CO<small>₂</small> reduction technologies.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 8","pages":" 1868-1905"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147727278","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Carbon-based materials in anaerobic digestion for methane production: unraveling the multi-faceted mechanisms and shaping future perspectives","authors":"Shuai Li, Shilei Wang, Xi Wang, Zhi Wang, Shiru Li, Shaohua Yang, Feng Xue, Yafan Cai and Hanjie Ying","doi":"10.1039/D5SE01690H","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE01690H","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Anaerobic digestion (AD) technology, as an important approach for the resource utilization of organic waste and the production of clean energy, still faces key challenges such as a prolonged acclimatization period, easy acidification and low methane production efficiency in practical applications. This paper systematically reviews the mechanisms of action and application prospects of carbon-based materials (such as biochar, activated carbon, carbon nanotubes, graphene, <em>etc.</em>) as multifunctional additives in improving AD performance. The core argument is that carbon-based materials significantly enhance system stability and methane yield through multiple synergistic pathways such as physical adsorption, chemical buffering, and bioelectron transfer (especially direct interspecies electron transfer, DIET). This paper constructs a cross-scale mechanistic analysis framework from material structural characteristics to microbial ecological functions, critically reviews the limitations of current research, and prospectively proposes future development directions such as rational material design, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning models for process optimization, and life cycle assessment, aiming to provide theoretical support and technical pathways for promoting the translation of carbon-based materials from laboratory research to industrial application.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 7","pages":" 1557-1578"},"PeriodicalIF":4.1,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147579100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}