Sustainable Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Enhanced SnO2 electron transport layers by Eu3+ doping for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Danxia Wu, Huilin Yan, Xing Zhao, Yujie Qiu, Yuqing Yang, Yuanxi Zhang, Bingbing Fan, Peng Cui, Xin Sun, Pengjun Zhao and Meicheng Li","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00128E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00128E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Chemical bath deposition (CBD) is a promising way to fabricate SnO<small>₂</small> electron transport layers (ETLs) for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, europium chloride hexahydrate (EuCl<small>₃</small>·6H<small>₂</small>O) was introduced into the CBD process to optimize the properties of SnO<small>₂</small> for high-efficiency and stable PSCs. The incorporation of Eu<small>³⁺</small> ions into the SnO<small>₂</small> lattice effectively enhances its electrical properties, mitigates surface trap defects, and reduces interfacial non-radiative recombination. More importantly, Eu<small>³⁺</small> ions serve as effective protectants, improving the UV resistance of perovskite films. As a result, the PSCs based on the Eu-SnO<small>₂</small> ETL exhibit a notable improvement in power conversion efficiency (PCE), increasing from 22.02% to 24.50%. Additionally, the devices demonstrate excellent stability, retaining 96.9% and 86% of their initial efficiency after 2600 h in ambient air and 130 h under continuous UV illumination, respectively. This strategy provides a valuable approach for further improving the film quality of SnO<small>₂</small>, offering great potential for high-efficiency and stable PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 12","pages":" 3271-3277"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244066","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The effect of the formation of key components on the laminar combustion rate of ammonia/methanol mixture combustion under medium-pressure gas turbine related working conditions†","authors":"Yanfei Zhang, Junjie Li, Mingming Huang, Qingjun Zhao, Qin Li, Zewen Yu, Jianfang Du, Xiao Zhang, Zhuoming Xiong, Yumeng Cao, Zhengyang Li, Zhaoling Zhang and Lei Dong","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00308C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00308C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >With the development of industry, environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious, and greenhouse gas emissions lead to the continuous rise of global temperature; thus, energy conservation and emission reduction are imminent. In recent years, green methanol and green ammonia, as important hydrogen carriers, have attracted wide attention because of their low carbon emission and high calorific value. However, ammonia has a slow laminar flame speed, and the addition of methanol can improve this characteristic. This has sparked interest in the study of ammonia/methanol co-combustion. This study first investigates the relationship between the methanol addition ratio, temperature, and the laminar flame speed of ammonia. Through MATLAB simulations, the study further examines the key species involved in the combustion process. The results indicate that the laminar flame speed is linearly related to the maximum concentration of (O + H + NH<small>₂</small>). Following this, the yield and sensitivity analyses of the three radicals (O, H, and NH<small>₂</small>) were performed. It was found that these three radicals have a positive correlation with both temperature and methanol content, with temperature and methanol primarily influencing the content of H radicals, which in turn affects O and NH<small>₂</small>. Finally, using the modified fictitious diluent gas approach, it was concluded that the chemical properties of methanol are the main factor promoting ammonia oxidation. In this study, the key components of mixed combustion of methanol and ammonia gas and the principle of methanol combustion aid were studied, aiming to enrich the database of mixed combustion of methanol and ammonia gas and provide a reference for the design of gas turbines.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 13","pages":" 3607-3623"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144367103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantifying mining requirement and waste for energy sustainability","authors":"Dinara Ermakova, Drishti Sen, Haruko Wainwright, Jin Whan Bae, Lisha Chen and Jasmina Vujic","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01484G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01484G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >This study demonstrates the life-cycle assessment of different energy sources-coal, natural gas, solar, wind, nuclear, and hydro-particularly focused on mining activities and waste per given electricity capacity and generation. It also includes carbon dioxide emissions generated during the transportation of raw materials to build and operate electricity generating systems and their environmental impacts in the US from 2023 to 2050. We identify the raw material and metal requirements for the U.S.-based typical systems in each energy type and synthesize datasets on typical ore fraction and material recycling factors, while taking into account the capacity factor of the power plants. We then compute the total mass and volume of material requirements and waste mass and volume for the front-end (<em>i.e.</em>, mining, material needed for construction), operation (<em>i.e.</em>, fuel, maintenance), and back-end (<em>i.e.</em>, decommissioning) activities. The key findings are that (1) the energy transition from fossil fuel to low-carbon energy sources would reduce mining waste as well as the shipping carbon footprint; (2) the difference in capacity and actual electricity generation is significant for the life-cycle assessment due to low capacity factors of solar and wind energy; (3) several key metals with low abundance or high requirements dominate mining waste, which highlights the need for recycling and establishing a circular economy; (4) mining of critical minerals becomes important during the clean energy transition and (5) nuclear energy generates least waste and contributes least to shipping emissions among the low-carbon sources due to the high energy density and capacity factor and the small mass of materials it requires. Although the waste mass may not necessarily be equal to the environmental impact due to different waste isolation technologies, we aim to highlight the importance of considering mining and decommissioning waste, which are often ignored but important for accounting for the environmental impacts and addressing energy justice issues.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 3120-3140"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d4se01484g?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonium formate-engineered MA-free perovskite inks for solar cells and optoelectronic devices†","authors":"Reza Ghayoor, Fatemeh Ghasemi, Leyla Shooshtari, Fariba Tajabadi, Raheleh Mohammadpour and Nima Taghavinia","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00069F","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00069F","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are widely considered for scale-up and commercialization, while there are still challenges in the stability of devices and inks. The stability of devices is directly associated with the stability of the perovskite ink and is linked with formulations that inhibit degradation reactions. In this work, we demonstrate how ammonium formate (AF) fulfills this objective and results in more stable devices and inks. We start with a conventional triple-cation perovskite ink and observe that elimination of methylamine (MA) from the formulation, and especially adding AF to the formulation, leads to remarkably durable inks. Optimized perovskite films containing AF exhibit a compact/low-pinhole morphology, with enhanced photoluminescence (PL) intensity and almost no degradation at 85 °C for 56 days, in contrast to AF-free films. Carbon-based perovskite cells with AF-doped perovskite films demonstrate improved efficiency (up to 19.40%) and perform considerably better in steady-state power output (SPO) tests and ISOS-D1 stability assessments. These come with high electroluminescence (EL) of the PSC devices and lower charge transfer resistance due to the AF additive. Optimized AF-perovskite films are also evaluated as self-powered photodetectors, in combination with triboelectric nano-generators (TENGs), where they show improved detectivity compared to battery-powered photodetectors.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 12","pages":" 3374-3388"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Design of ligand mediated anisotropic Co3O4 nanorods for improved green hydrogen production electrochemically across different pH levels and substrates†","authors":"Ariful Hoque, Shiv Kumar Patel, K. Harikrishnan, Rajendra, Umesh K. Gaur and Manu Sharma","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01750A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01750A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Designing an efficient electrocatalyst for the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) is the need of the hour to overcome the energy crisis. Herein, we report a simple solvothermal strategy to synthesize anisotropic Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> nanorods by the controlled growth of nanoparticles. The reaction time was systematically varied from 12 to 24 h, in 6 h intervals to optimize the nanostructure and enhance HER performance. For the HER, we fabricated working electrodes with glassy carbon electrodes (GCEs) and Ni foam to deposit the synthesized nanostructures. The HER was performed in both acidic and alkaline electrolytes to thoroughly investigate the HER mechanism. Among the tested electrocatalysts, the nanorods obtained after 12 h of synthesis exhibited the best performance on Ni foam, requiring only 170 mV overpotential to drive 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> current density with the corresponding Tafel slope value of 98 mV dec<small>⁻¹</small> in 1 M KOH. In contrast, 10 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> current density was achieved at 411 mV overpotential with a Tafel slope of 35 mV dec<small>⁻¹</small>, exhibiting faster kinetics on GCEs. These results surpass most of the previously reported data, making Co<small>₃</small>O<small>₄</small> nanorods an efficient alternative to costly Pt.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 12","pages":" 3389-3403"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhancing the performance of Ni-rich Li[Ni0.88Co0.09Mn0.03]O2 cathode material using surface coating","authors":"Hossein Rostami, Parisa Mehdipour, Tao Hu, Palanivel Molaiyan, Pekka Tynjälä and Ulla Lassi","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00052A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00052A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes are becoming increasingly popular for use in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). However, their widespread application faces challenges due to rapid capacity degradation and poor performance at low temperatures, prompting the development of protective coatings. Wet methods and atomic layer deposition are complex and time-consuming, potentially causing lithium deficiencies. Therefore, this study proposes a facile and cost-effective powder dry coating strategy using a high-energy mixer for the surface modification of LiNi<small>_0.88</small>Co<small>_0.09</small>Mn<small>_0.03</small>O<small>₂</small> (NCM-88) with graphene oxide (GO). The nanostructured GO layer applied to the NCM-88 surface effectively protects the cathode particles. Various characterization techniques, such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), confirm the successful synthesis of GO and uniform coating on NCM-88 particles without altering pristine morphology. Based on the electrochemical test results, the optimized GO coatings exhibit a significant improvement in rate performance and capacity retention. Electrochemical characterization shows that coated NCM-88 with 0.2 wt% GO exhibits the best performance, with an initial discharge capacity of 221.1 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at 0.1C and a capacity retention of approximately 97% after 50 cycles at 2C. In comparison with other studies, the NCM-88 coated with 0.2 wt% GO exhibits superior electrochemical performance, achieving a remarkable discharge capacity of 171.3 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small> at 1C after 1000 cycles with 90.3% capacity retention, which significantly exceeds the stability and retention rates of pristine and various modified NCM compositions reported in the literature. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of GO surface modification for enhancing the electrochemical performance of NCM-88 cathodes in LIBs.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 3041-3054"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d5se00052a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Transition metal-based coordination polymers of bipyridyl-ethylene for sunlight-driven photocatalytic CO2 reduction into CO†","authors":"A. Abidi, T. A. Quach, M. Essalhi, D. Chartrand, T. O. Do, S. Barnabé and M. Cibian","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00195A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00195A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Herein, three transition metal-based coordination polymers (<strong>CoBpe</strong>, <strong>NiBpe</strong>, and <strong>CuBpe</strong>) were synthesized <em>via</em> solvothermal reactions by combining the organic ligand 1,2-di(4-pyridyl) ethylene (<strong>Bpe</strong>) with cobalt(<small>II</small>), nickel(<small>II</small>), and copper(<small>II</small>) ions, respectively. Single crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) characterization revealed the isostructurality of the cobalt- and nickel-based compounds, which crystallize in a monoclinic system and form a 1D ladder topology with interpenetrated square grids, while the copper derivative forms a linear chain topology within a triclinic crystal system. These structural differences are attributed to variations in synthesis conditions and counter anions. The materials presented herein exhibit optical and photoelectrochemical properties highlighting their semiconductor characteristics. They were used as catalysts for CO<small>₂</small> reduction to CO, in photocatalytic systems with [Ru(bpy)<small>₃</small>]Cl<small>₂</small> as photosensitizer (PS) and triethanolamine (TEOA) as sacrificial electron donor (SED), under simulated solar irradiation. <strong>CoBpe</strong> achieved a CO production rate of 287 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> (4-hour experiment) and 410 μmol g<small>⁻¹</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> (8-hour experiment), placing itself as a competitive candidate among similar systems.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 2951-2960"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d5se00195a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148177","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ NbOx as an efficient interfacial layer on an SnO2 electron-transport layer for high-performance and stable flexible perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Jun Jiang, Menghui Wang, Gonglv Yang, Hongwei Hu, Pengyun Huo, Lijun Wang, Lvzhou Li, Ningyi Yuan and Jianning Ding","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00323G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00323G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Long-term environmental and mechanical stability issues of flexible perovskite solar cells (F-PSCs) hinder their commercialization. Interface defects affect the performance of F-PSCs, especially their stability and power conversion efficiency (PCE), which is derived from carrier recombination and mechanical stability between adjacent layers. Herein, we report an NbO<small>_<em>x</em></small> passivation layer <em>in situ</em> formed at the interface between the SnO<small>₂</small> electron transport layer (ETL) and perovskite layer with the microisland bulge nanostructures. This approach reduces nonradiative recombination loss and optimizes band alignment. As a result, the open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><small>_oc</small>) from 1.13 to 1.17 V, leading to a photoelectric conversion efficiency of 23.64% on the glass substrate (active area of 0.09 cm<small>²</small>). Additionally, the PSCs demonstrated exceptional stability, retaining over 80% of their initial efficiencies after 2000 hours of exposure to ambient atmosphere without encapsulation. Furthermore, the solution-processed and low-temperature available interfacial layer was applied to F-PSCs, achieving a PCE of 21.86%. The flexible device retained over 74.94% of its initial PCE after 10 000 bending cycles at a radius of 5 mm.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 12","pages":" 3335-3342"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recombination vs. dye packing: role of structural tailoring of triphenylamine-based D–π–A dyes for outdoor/indoor photovoltaics with dual-species copper electrolytes†","authors":"Derangula Venkateswarlu, Andrew Simon George, Lal Chand, Loganathan Kanishga, Suraj Soman and Surya Prakash Singh","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00325C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00325C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >When paired with alternate redox electrolytes, structural modifications in dye molecules significantly influence photovoltaic performance under outdoor and indoor illuminations. The present study investigates two triphenylamine-based D–π–A dyes (L1 and SP-1), where L1 features an <em>O</em>-alkyl substitution on its triphenylamine donor. The impact of this peripheral modification on the electrochemical, photophysical, and photovoltaic properties was explored using asymmetric dual-species copper(<small>II</small>/<small>I</small>) redox electrolytes. Interfacial charge transfer dynamics were analysed to explain device performance across various lighting conditions. SP-1, with substituted peripheral <em>O</em>-alkyl chains, exhibited superior standalone power conversion efficiency (2.88%) compared to L1 (1.07%). However, when co-sensitized with XY1b, L1:XY1b achieved a higher PCE of 6.49%, outperforming SP-1:XY1b (5.44%) under one sun illumination and achieving comparable indoor photovoltaic power conversion efficiency (∼25%). These findings highlight the importance of precise structural tailoring in co-sensitized dyes for enhanced performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 11","pages":" 3110-3119"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144148210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"In situ composite solid electrolyte interphases enabling dendrite-free sodium metal batteries†","authors":"Jie Huang, Congyu He, Yulong Sun, Xiaoming Xu, Zheyuan Liu and Chengkai Yang","doi":"10.1039/D5SE00307E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D5SE00307E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Given the limited reserves and high cost of lithium resources, research into cost-effective, high-performance energy storage devices beyond lithium-ion batteries has gained increasing attention. Sodium metal anodes, with their abundant reserves, low cost, high specific capacity (1160 mA h g<small>⁻¹</small>), and low redox potential (−2.714 V <em>vs.</em> the Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE)), are considered one of the most promising next-generation anode materials. However, the unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) in sodium metal anodes leads to non-uniform diffusion and deposition of Na<small>⁺</small>, resulting in uncontrollable dendrite growth. During repeated charging/discharging processes, the growth of dendrites and the continuous fracture and regeneration of the SEI layer lead to the continuous loss of active sodium and coulombic efficiency (CE). To address this issue, this study reports an <em>in situ</em> generated organic/inorganic hybrid multifunctional solid electrolyte interface to effectively enhance the stability of the sodium metal anode. The inorganic components, NaF and Na<small>₂</small>S, serve as high ionic conductivity components, accelerating the transfer of Na<small>⁺</small>. The rich amide groups in the organic component exert a polar attraction to Na<small>⁺</small>, regulating the Na<small>⁺</small> flux and alleviating the “tip effect” during metal deposition. Experiments show that the Na‖Na symmetric battery using this anode exhibits extremely low overpotential and stable plating/stripping behavior (cycling for over 2500 hours at 1 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> and 1 mA h cm<small>⁻²</small>, with an ultra-low voltage of 15 mV). The full cell assembled with Na<small>₃</small>V<small>₂</small>(PO<small>₄</small>)<small>₃</small> (NVP) demonstrates excellent rate and cycling performance, with a capacity retention rate of 90.3% after 1000 cycles at 1C and 89.2% after 800 cycles at a high rate of 5C.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 12","pages":" 3263-3270"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2025-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144244065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}