Sustainable Energy & Fuels最新文献

{"title":"Sustainable synergy: unleashing the potential of biomass in integrated biorefineries","authors":"Muhammad Kashif, Muhammad Ashraf Sabri, Michele Aresta, Angela Dibenedetto and Franck Dumeignil","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01293C","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01293C","url":null,"abstract":"<p >To keep the engine of humanity running, dependence on fossil resources must be curbed due to potent environmental impacts underlying anthropocene. The paradigm shift towards an integration of bioeconomy with circular economy (IBECE) necessitates advancements in integrated biorefineries (IBRs) for sustainable biomass valorization, with IBRs being a key player. IBRs do not only yield environmental gains, but also address techno-economic and social benefits, contributing to global sustainability targets. Hence, to shed more light on the subject, this review underscores the pressing need for IBR potentials to overcome existing barriers and harness the full potential of biorefineries within the global sustainability framework. Further, it critically assesses the role of IBR in facilitating the transition towards IBECE, with a focus on biofuel product diversification and sustainable resources' use. Moreover, it discusses different generations of biorefinery, elaborating on their features and potential. Various biomass feedstocks, with a focus on lignocellulosic and algal sources, are explored along with conversion processes, their limitations, and prospects. In addition, IBR's significance in waste mitigation, integration schemes, and potential for industrial symbiosis are highlighted by clarifying how integrated processes enhance efficiency and performance compared to traditional methods. Subsequently, challenges and future directions are discussed. The review offers strategic recommendations to guide future research, aiming to close empirical gaps and advance the progress of a robust IBECE.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 2","pages":" 338-400"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Advances in plastic to fuel conversion: reactor design, operational optimization, and machine learning integration","authors":"Karnatakam Paavani, Krutika Agarwal, Shah Saud Alam, Srikanta Dinda and Iyman Abrar","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01045K","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01045K","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Plastic waste management is a pressing global problem that requires sustainable solutions to mitigate environmental harm. To this end, pyrolysis offers a practical method for converting waste plastics into valuable resources such as oil, gas, and char. This review comprehensively examines plastic pyrolysis, focusing on reactor diversity, operational variables, and the integration of machine learning (ML) techniques for process optimization. Understanding the reactor designs is crucial for tailoring pyrolysis processes to achieve specific product yield and composition targets. For example, a fluidized bed reactor offers continuous productivity and efficient mass transfer, whereas fixed bed pyrolysis reactors are suited for secondary pyrolysis reactions. Similarly, vacuum pyrolysis reactors operate under reduced pressure to minimize undesired reactions, and conical-spouted bed reactors display effective blending capabilities. Operational parameters such as residence time, temperature, and pressure significantly influence pyrolysis outcomes. Longer residence times and lower temperatures favor oil production, whereas higher temperatures promote gas formation. Optimal parameter settings can enhance pyrolysis efficiency and maximize product yields while ensuring environmental sustainability. ML emerges as a powerful tool for predictive modeling, interpretation, and optimization of pyrolysis processes. ML algorithms like neural networks and support vector regression techniques enable relatively accurate forecasting of product yields and properties, and can help researchers gain insights into complex pyrolysis kinetics for further tuning of process parameters to achieve desired outcomes. Overall, the synergistic integration of reactor design, operational parameters, and machine learning techniques can improve product yield and quality, minimize environmental impact, and advance sustainable plastic waste management efforts while promoting a circular economy model.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 1","pages":" 54-71"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d4se01045k?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Cooperating with additives: low-cost hole-transporting materials for improved stability of perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Paavo Mäkinen, Daniele Conelli, G. Krishnamurthy Grandhi, Gian Paolo Suranna, Paola Vivo and Roberto Grisorio","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01356E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01356E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >The widespread adoption of perovskite-based solar technologies is strictly related to the cost reduction of the hole-transporting component in the device, while maintaining compatibility with its absorbing active layer. To date, several organic systems have been developed to compete with the pioneering 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis(<em>N</em>,<em>N</em>-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) used as the benchmarking hole-transporting material (HTM). However, an easily accessible platform to construct economically competitive HTM scaffolds as alternatives to Spiro-OMeTAD is still lacking. In this study, we propose a straightforward route (excluding organometallic cross-coupling reactions) to prepare nonconventional HTMs (<strong>BTF</strong> and <strong>BTC</strong>) based on a bithiophene core decorated with unsymmetrical triarylamine groups. The two HTMs are implemented in dopant-free n-i-p perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to evaluate their performance and long-term behaviour. Despite enhancing hole extraction and transport at the perovskite/HTM interface compared to the Spiro-OMeTAD benchmark, <strong>BTC</strong> does not perform exceptionally as an undoped HTM in PSCs (PCE = 14.0% <em>vs.</em> 16.5% of the doped Spiro-OMeTAD reference). Moreover, the efficiencies of unencapsulated devices rapidly degraded over time (<em>T</em><small>₈₀</small>: ∼57 days) due to weak HTM adhesion at the perovskite interface. Conversely, using <em>tert</em>-butylpyridine as the sole additive slightly increases performance (PCE = 14.8%) and remarkably improves device resilience to ambient exposure (PCE = 15.4% after 401 days), representing one of the longest shelf-stability experiments ever reported. Other dopant/additive formulations are unproductive in terms of both efficiencies and device resistance. These results indicate that focusing on the molecular design of low-cost HTMs and investigating the appropriate HTM/additive systems can be a promising strategy for developing efficient and stable PSCs.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 1","pages":" 172-184"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production efficiency using urea-derived carbon nitride in a continuous flow reactor†","authors":"Samar Batool, Malek Y. S. Ibrahim, Florian Ehrlich-Sommer, Stephen Nagaraju Myakala, Shaghayegh Naghdi and Alexey Cherevan","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01239A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01239A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >In this study, we conducted a comprehensive comparison of the photocatalytic properties and the reactivity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) of carbon nitride (GCN) in batch and flow photo-reactors. GCN was synthesized from urea, melamine, and dicyandiamide (DCD) under variable synthesis conditions and it was found that GCN synthesized from urea under nitrogen exhibited exceptionally high reactivity that can exceed 21 903 μmol<small>_{H<small>₂</small>}</small> h<small>⁻¹</small> g<small>⁻¹</small> when tested in a thin path flow reactor fitted with mixing patterns. This record high reactivity results from the combination of the increased flow velocity and light exposure by the flow reactor along with the weaker interplanar bonding and high surface area of GCN made from urea. Attempting to further enhance this reactivity by exfoliation had an adverse effect. Eliminating the mixing patterns from the flow reactor also resulted in a drastic decrease in catalyst reactivity because of particles deposition on the reactor window. GCN made from melamine had the lowest band gap of all the synthesized GCN and proved to be reactive for HER with visible light and to be stable for over 14 hours. While exfoliation increased the surface area of GCN from melamine, it also raised the band gap from 2.5 to 2.9 eV and did not improve HER under visible light. The two methods of exfoliation: thermal treatment and ultrasonication impacted the HER reactivity and stability the same way across all the GCN samples. The provided guidance on the selection of the reactor design, catalyst precursor, synthesis temperature, and need for exfoliation based on the applied wavelength for HER paves the way to developing energy-efficient photocatalytic hydrogen production process.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 2","pages":" 555-564"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bulk passivation and suppressing non-radiative recombination loss in a 3D all-inorganic CsPbIBr2 perovskite solar cell via a 2D layered perovskite framework†","authors":"Tapas Das, Faisal Farooq, Parul Garg, Sakal Singla, Asim Guchhait and Ashok Bera","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01437E","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01437E","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Improving perovskite film quality for reducing non-radiative recombination centers is one of the key aspects of designing efficient and stable perovskite solar cells (PSCs). In this work, we fabricated a high-performing and ambient stable CsPbIBr<small>₂</small>-based PSC by incorporating a 2D perovskite framework within a 3D perovskite structure. An optimum amount of 2D doping can anchor the grain boundaries to improve the crystallinity and grain sizes and ultimately suppress non-radiative recombination centers within the perovskite. The solution-processed perovskite film with the structural formula ((PEA)<small>₂</small>PbI<small>₄</small>)<small>_<em>X</em></small>(CsPbIBr<small>₂</small>)<small>_{1−<em>X</em>}</small> for <em>X</em> = 0.02 exhibited an improved average grain size of 853.38 ± 0.18 nm in comparison to 350.43 ± 0.09 nm of pristine CsPbIBr<small>₂</small> thin films. The bulk passivation within the perovskite was supported by the X-ray diffraction, steady-state, and time-resolved photoluminescence results. We fabricated a PSC with the device structure FTO/c-TiO<small>₂</small>/m-TiO<small>₂</small>/(PEA)<small>₂</small>PbI<small>₄</small>)<small>_<em>X</em></small>(CsPbIBr<small>₂</small>)<small>_{1−<em>X</em>}</small>/Spiro-OMeTAD/Ag, and achieved a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.13% under ambient conditions with <em>X</em> = 0.02 and only 8.08% PCE for the pristine 3D perovskite (<em>X</em> = 0) device. The devices with 2D incorporation showed excellent ambient stability without any encapsulation and retained 80% of their initial PCE (T<small>₈₀</small>) after 500 hours of ambient storage, whereas the device with pure 3D perovskite retained only 20% of its initial PCE after 400 hours of ambient storage. Simulation results, in combination with the experimental data, show that a reduced density of recombination centers resulted in much improved device performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 1","pages":" 269-279"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Thermoelectrically polarized amorphous silica promotes sustainable carbon dioxide conversion into valuable chemical products†","authors":"Marc Arnau, Isabel Teixidó, Jordi Sans, Pau Turon and Carlos Alemán","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01389A","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01389A","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Electrically polarized amorphous silica (aSiO<small>₂</small>) is demonstrated to be an efficient and viable metal-free heterogeneous catalyst for the conversion of CO<small>₂</small> into valuable chemical products. The catalyst was prepared applying a thermoelectric polarization process in air to commercially available aSiO<small>₂</small> nanoparticles. Four polarization temperatures were assayed (150, 500, 800 and 1000 °C), the larger structural and chemical changes induced by the polarization treatment being observed at 150 and 500 °C. The polarization at such temperatures reduced considerably the electrical resistance of calcined aSiO<small>₂</small>, while no significant change was detected at 800 and 1000 °C. Polarized aSiO<small>₂</small> was tested as heterogeneous catalysts for the reaction of CO<small>₂</small> with water at mild reaction conditions (120 °C, 6 bar of CO<small>₂</small>, 40 mL of water, 72 h). The highest catalytic activity was observed with aSiO<small>₂</small> polarized at 150 °C, which was attributed to the structural defects induced during the thermoelectric polarization treatment. Thus, CO<small>₂</small> was converted into a mixture of formic acid (39.9%), acetic acid (44.4%) and dioxane (15.7%). Although the catalytic process was not selective, the yields were not only very high but also allowed obtaining a significant amount of dioxane, a product with four carbon atoms, which is very unusual in processes catalyzed by polarized ceramics. In summary, polarized aSiO<small>₂</small> can be used as a sustainable and low-cost raw material to prepare metal-free catalysts by means of a thermoelectric polarization process at 150 °C. This catalyst is capable of capturing CO<small>₂</small> to produce valuable chemical products by applying mild reaction conditions.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 24","pages":" 5937-5949"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2024/se/d4se01389a?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142761594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Recent advances in atomically dispersed M–N–C coupled Pt-based oxygen reduction catalysts","authors":"Zigang Zhao, Lezhi Zhan, Pan Guo, Yunkun Dai, Lixiao Shen, Yunlong Zhang, Guiling Wang, Zhenbo Wang and Lei Zhao","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01397B","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01397B","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Proton exchange membrane fuel cells have garnered significant attention as a sustainable energy conversion technology amidst the escalating consumption of fossil fuels. Although Pt-based catalysts are effective in oxygen reduction reactions, their limited availability and high Pt content pose challenges to the wide adoption of PEMFCs. Improving the activity and durability of Pt-based catalysts is essential for lowering Pt consumption, cutting costs, and increasing the fuel cell's efficiency and power density. Recently, atomically dispersed metal–nitrogen–carbon (M–NC) coupled platinum-based catalysts have received attention as highly promising options due to their superior performance and stability. This review explores the advancements in M–NC coupled platinum-based catalysts, encompassing various supports, alloys, and intermetallic compounds. The optimization strategies for these catalysts, spanning preparation methods, structural composition, and catalytic efficacy, are also discussed. In addition, this review discusses the comprehensive optimization strategy of the M–NC coupled platinum-based oxygen reduction catalyst, focusing on various aspects such as the preparation process, structural composition, and catalytic performance. Additionally, we offer insights into the future advancement of M–NC coupled platinum-based oxygen reduction catalysts, emphasizing this method as a potential avenue to enhance efficiency.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 1","pages":" 10-27"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Dual functions of a microfluidic fuel cell as electricity generation and liquid pumping units†","authors":"Yang Yang, Zhiwei Wen, Xun Zhu, Cheng He, Dingding Ye, Rong Chen and Qiang Liao","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01260G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01260G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Microfluidic chip technology has attracted considerable attention in the field of biochemical detection and analysis due to its advantages of low cost, fast response and high sensitivity. However, the poor integration of power supply units and fluid pulsation at low flow rate are two challenges in chip integration. Microfluidic fuel cells represent emerging power generators based on microfluidic control technology and can convert the chemical energy of fuel into electricity while producing a gaseous product. In this work, a microfluidic fuel cell is first integrated into a chip-based analysis system, where the fuel cell serves as a power-supply unit and the generated gaseous product is used as a stable bubble pump to drive detection sample flow. A maximum power density of 28.8 mW cm<small>⁻²</small> and current density of 147.5 mA cm<small>⁻²</small> are achieved, and the detection sample is driven stably and continuously at a flow rate of 5 mm s<small>⁻¹</small>. This approach effectively addresses the issue of insufficient integration of the power supply system and initially achieves stable sample pumping at a low flow rate. The design paves the way for practical uses of microfluidic fuel cells, following few previous attempts, and casts new light on structure design and system integration.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 2","pages":" 458-466"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Performance promotion strategies for wide bandgap perovskite solar cells†","authors":"Jiawei Zhang, Jiliang Fu, Kun Wang, Chao Zhang, Ya Wang, Rongbo Wang, Juntao Zhao, Xingyuan Zhong, Huizhi Ren, Guofu Hou, Yi Ding, Ying Zhao and Xiaodan Zhang","doi":"10.1039/D4SE00433G","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE00433G","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Wide bandgap (WBG) perovskites, with an adjustable bandgap and easy solution fabrication process, are prime candidates for top sub-cells in tandem solar cells (TSCs). Their successful integration with narrow bandgap devices has inspired the rapid development of perovskite-based TSCs and has become one of the most promising technologies in photovoltaics. However, several tough issues related to WBG PSCs, such as open-circuit voltage (<em>V</em><small>_OC</small>) loss and phase separation, impede their further improvement in device efficiency and stability. Hence, through a systematic review on the development of WBG PSCs, the critical problems such as defects, phase segregation, and strain are discussed, and effective solution strategies, including passivation, additive engineering, composition engineering and interface engineering with self-assembled monolayers (SAM) are summarized. This comprehensive review is expected to provide guidance for designing and developing more effective WBG devices.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 2","pages":" 303-322"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142976299","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-woven pitch-based carbon fiber electrodes for low-cost redox flow battery†","authors":"Abena A. Williams, Sagar V. Kanhere, Amod A. Ogale and Mark E. Roberts","doi":"10.1039/D4SE01124D","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1039/D4SE01124D","url":null,"abstract":"<p >Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising energy storage systems to support renewable energy sources and overcome the limitations imposed by their intermittent and unpredictable nature. As a developing technology, the cost of key components, namely the membrane, electrolyte, and electrodes, present a major hurdle to widespread integration. This work describes the performance of non-woven carbon fiber (NWCF) electrodes derived from low-cost petroleum pitch and produced using a scalable, inexpensive melt-blowing process. Compared to commercial polyacrylonitrile (PAN)-based carbon fiber felt, pitch-based carbon fibers have increased graphitic content, tensile strength, and electrical conductivity. Greenhouse gas emissions for pitch-based carbon fibers are estimated to be significantly lower than that of PAN-based carbon fibers. When RFBs with unoptimized NWCF electrodes are evaluated in zinc iodide electrolytes, the voltage and power density (83 mW cm<small>⁻²</small>) are slightly lower compared to RFBs with PAN-derived carbon felts (104 mW cm<small>⁻²</small>) @ 100 mA cm<small>⁻²</small>. RFBs fabricated with oxidized low-cost NWCF electrodes show nearly identical battery performance to those prepared with commercial PAN-derived carbon felts in vanadium electrolytes (peak power density of 137 mW cm<small>⁻²</small><em>vs.</em> 139 mW cm<small>⁻²</small>, respectively). Because of their low-cost precursor and cheaper processing methods, NWCF electrodes offer a promising solution to reducing the cost of RFB electrode materials, and with further optimization, these electrodes will likely result in improved battery performance.</p>","PeriodicalId":104,"journal":{"name":"Sustainable Energy & Fuels","volume":" 1","pages":" 198-207"},"PeriodicalIF":5.0,"publicationDate":"2024-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlepdf/2025/se/d4se01124d?page=search","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142844646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}