Cognitive Social Science eJournal最新文献_第7页

Nonprofessional Investors Use of Biased Disclosures in Decision Making 非专业投资者在决策中使用有偏见的信息披露

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-18 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3198868

Hamilton Elkins, G. Entwistle, Regan N. Schmidt

{"title":"Nonprofessional Investors Use of Biased Disclosures in Decision Making","authors":"Hamilton Elkins, G. Entwistle, Regan N. Schmidt","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3198868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3198868","url":null,"abstract":"We report the results of an experiment where management discloses in the audited financial statements a firm-specific capital structure that is susceptible to manipulation (i.e., subjective). This disclosure is allowed under current IAS 1 rules. In our study, if used by nonprofessional investor participants, the firm-specific capital structure disclosure will lead to higher firm values than would capital structures commonly determined from the firm’s balance sheet. Our results show that when participants received the disclosure it was used to determine firm value; this was despite the participants recognizing the bias in the disclosure. We also found that when the participants who received the disclosure were cautioned of management’s ability to manipulate the disclosure, the warning had no effect. This finding differs from prior research. Explanatory analysis reveals that the disclosure itself activated participant skepticism removing a mechanism by which cautionary guidance can help protect nonprofessional investors from misleading management disclosures. A mediation analysis reveals that a misleading disclosure impacts investor stock purchasing decisions through investment attractiveness. Our study adds to the disclosure literature and has important implications for investors, standard setters, and auditors.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80680865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Why Do Individuals Not Participate in the Stock Market? 个人为什么不参与股票市场?

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-14 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2822094

Stephen J. Brown, C. Veld, Y. Veld-Merkoulova

引用次数: 4

Paradoxes of Happiness: Why People Feel More Comfortable With High Inequalities and High Murder Rates? 幸福的悖论:为什么人们对高不平等和高谋杀率感到更舒服?

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-06-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3189030

V. Popov

引用次数: 0

A Study on the Work-Life Balance Issues Faced by Micro and Small Village Entrepreneurs (MSVEs) in India 印度小微村企业家工作与生活平衡问题研究

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-23 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3183655

A. Aggarwal

{"title":"A Study on the Work-Life Balance Issues Faced by Micro and Small Village Entrepreneurs (MSVEs) in India","authors":"A. Aggarwal","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3183655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3183655","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims at appreciating the need for and relevance of understanding conceptual paradigm of Work-Life Balance, and Rural Entrepreneurs who are conceptualized as Micro and Small Village Entrepreneurs (MSVEs). Enterprises in rural environments are operating in an arena of extreme and rapid change. In India, entrepreneurship has traditionally been considered a prerogative of affluent urban people. However, in tandem with a changing socio-cultural environment and an increase in educational opportunities, people from rural context have started recognizing their inherent talents and business skills. With the help of various governmental and non-governmental agencies, growing numbers of people from small villages and towns in the country are joining the ranks of entrepreneurs. However, in the existing familial and societal setup, such Micro and Small Village Entrepreneurs (MSVEs) are overburdened and find it increasingly difficult to balance their work and life roles. Therefore, the major objective of the present study was to understand and illustrate the work-life balance (WLB) issues faced by such Micro and Small Village Entrepreneurs (MSVEs) of the states of Haryana and Rajasthan in India. In this context, data has been collected by area sampling (cluster-random) paired with semi-structured interviews and a questionnaire. This study revealed that role overload, dependent care issues, quality of health, problems in time management and lack of proper social support are the major factors influencing the WLB of MSVEs entrepreneurs in India. Furthermore, even though the vast majority of the entrepreneurs examined in this study suffer from WLB issues, there are significant differences in the level of WLB issues faced by the various categories of MSVEs entrepreneurs.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"34 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83179095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Doing Good vs. Avoiding Bad in Prosocial Choice: A Refined Test and Extension of the Morality Preference Hypothesis 亲社会选择中的行善与避恶:道德偏好假说的精细检验与延伸

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-08 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3175207

Ben M. Tappin, V. Capraro

{"title":"Doing Good vs. Avoiding Bad in Prosocial Choice: A Refined Test and Extension of the Morality Preference Hypothesis","authors":"Ben M. Tappin, V. Capraro","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3175207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3175207","url":null,"abstract":"Prosociality is fundamental to human social life, and, accordingly, much research has attempted to explain human prosocial behavior. Capraro and Rand (Judgment and Decision Making, 13, 99-111, 2018) recently provided experimental evidence that prosociality in anonymous, one-shot interactions (such as Prisoner’s Dilemma and Dictator Game experiments) is not driven by outcome-based social preferences – as classically assumed – but by a generalized morality preference for “doing the right thing”. Here we argue that the key experiments reported in Capraro and Rand (2018) comprise prominent methodological confounds and open questions that bear on influential psychological theory. Specifically, their design confounds: (i) preferences for efficiency with self-interest; and (ii) preferences for action with preferences for morality. Furthermore, their design fails to dissociate the preference to do “good” from the preference to avoid doing “bad”. We thus designed and conducted a preregistered, refined and extended test of the morality preference hypothesis (N=801). Consistent with this hypothesis, our findings indicate that prosociality in the anonymous, one-shot Dictator Game is driven by preferences for doing the morally right thing. Inconsistent with influential psychological theory, however, our results suggest the preference to do “good” was as potent as the preference to avoid doing “bad” in this case.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89647273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 66

Prospect Dynamic and Loss Dominance 前景动态与损失优势

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-03 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2804852

Ryoji Sawa, Jiabin Wu

{"title":"Prospect Dynamic and Loss Dominance","authors":"Ryoji Sawa, Jiabin Wu","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2804852","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2804852","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the role of loss-aversion in affecting the long-run equilibria of stochastic evolutionary dynamics. We consider a finite population of loss-averse agents who are repeatedly and randomly matched to play a symmetric two-player normal form game. When an agent revises her strategy, she compares the payoff from each strategy to a reference point. Based on the comparison, she makes a (possibly stochastic) choice. Under the resulting dynamics, called prospect dynamics, risk-dominance is no longer sufficient to guarantee stochastic stability in 2 by 2 coordination games. We propose a stronger concept, loss-dominance: a strategy is loss-dominant if it is both a risk-dominant strategy and a maximin strategy. This concept captures people's psychological needs to avoid not only risks but also losses. In a 2 by 2 coordination game, the state in which all agents play the loss-dominant strategy (if exists) is uniquely stochastically stable under prospect dynamics for any degree of loss-aversion and all types of reference points. We generalize the concept for symmetric two-player normal form games and show that generalized loss-dominance gives a sufficient condition for stochastic stability with loss-averse agents.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86048778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

The Different Roads Not Taken: Considering Dissimilar Alternatives Motivates Goal Persistence 不同的未走的路:考虑不同的选择激励目标坚持

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-05-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3448170

Hye-young Kim, Oleg Urminsky

{"title":"The Different Roads Not Taken: Considering Dissimilar Alternatives Motivates Goal Persistence","authors":"Hye-young Kim, Oleg Urminsky","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3448170","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3448170","url":null,"abstract":"The previously unchosen options that people consider shapes how they interpret what they didchoose. Beyond previous research showing that foregone alternatives influences consumers’experiences of a chosen option, the current research suggests that how consumers mentallyconstrue goal-inconsistent alternatives they could have chosen impacts how they evaluate theirgoal-consistent choice, which will in turn impact their motivation to continue goal-directedbehaviors subsequently. Specifically, we find that when consumers consider having foregonedissimilar (vs. similar) goal-inconsistent alternatives that they could have chosen instead of thegoal-consistent actions they did take, they believe that they have made higher impact on theiractive goals. As a result, they are then more likely to subsequently make goal-consistent choices.However, considering dissimilar (vs. similar) unchosen options only impacts goal perceptionswhen the focal goal is subjectively important. Our findings hold across different types of goals(saving vs. spending: study 1, donating vs. spending: study 2, healthy vs. tasty food: studies 3 to5), and extend to real choices (study 5).","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75641719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The Influences of Intellectual Stimulation and Inspirational Motivation on the Profitability of Romanian Employees 智力激励与灵感激励对罗马尼亚员工盈利能力的影响

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-04-04 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3179040

Cristian–Liviu Vele

{"title":"The Influences of Intellectual Stimulation and Inspirational Motivation on the Profitability of Romanian Employees","authors":"Cristian–Liviu Vele","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3179040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3179040","url":null,"abstract":"The main objective of this article was to identify any valid statistical correlations between two dimensions of transformational leadership, namely inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation on employee’s profitability. In order to achieve this, a research was conducted on Romanian employees from companies located in the Maramureș County and a number of 98 valid questionnaires were gathered, which were analyzed using the IBM SPSS software. Two research hypotheses were formulated: H1: Intellectual stimulation positively influences employees’ profitability and H2: Inspirational motivation positively influences employees’ profitability. The findings of then research revealed that the participants obtained above average scores in terms of inspirational motivation and intellectual stimulation. Also, a valid statistical correlation was found between intellectual motivation and employees’ profitability, but when referred to the implication of inspirational motivation of profitability, we found out that the correlation between these two variables was not statistically valid. The findings allowed us to conclude that employee’s and consequently organizational profitability can be increased by encouraging people to think in an innovative, creative manner and by supporting them to become an active part in the decision making process.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81307230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rising Automation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Harnessing Its Opportunities through Public Policy 撒哈拉以南非洲自动化程度的提高:通过公共政策把握机遇

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-04-02 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.3154359

Victor Famubode

{"title":"Rising Automation in Sub-Saharan Africa: Harnessing Its Opportunities through Public Policy","authors":"Victor Famubode","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3154359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3154359","url":null,"abstract":"Sub-Saharan Africa has witnessed technological growth for more than a decade now. Although, it is perceived that, the exponential growth in technology still does not comprehensively address the structural challenges the continent faces. However, there is growing concern in the global scene about rising automation. The advent of such technological innovations pose threats and avail new opportunities. In this paper, technological innovations such as; artificial intelligence, robotics, additive manufacturing, industrial internet, etc. can be deployed to address certain structural imbalances, improve economic performances and solve existing and emerging security issues Africa encounters. In doing so, public policy serves as an instrument to close the existing gaps such technological innovations poses. Also, public policy through formidable public and social institutions can adapt to automation in order to encourage innovation. Moreover, there can be stringencies in making regulatory policies to discourage emerging innovations, this paper gives a road map for “permissionless innovation�? to be at the heart of policymaking, to ensure these technologies serve the right purpose and can spur economic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.","PeriodicalId":10477,"journal":{"name":"Cognitive Social Science eJournal","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75933245","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On Bayesian Persuasion with Multiple Senders 多发送者贝叶斯说服研究

Cognitive Social Science eJournal Pub Date : 2018-04-01 DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.2505277

Fei Li, P. Norman

引用次数: 59