Clinical Infectious Diseases最新文献

{"title":"Is Antibiotic Deescalation Safe and Beneficial to Patients With Sepsis?","authors":"Kelly A Cawcutt, Andre C Kalil","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae592","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"118-119"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142738707","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scope on the Scalp: A Case of Pulmonary Infiltrates and a Scalp Lesion in a Neutropenic Host.","authors":"Fiona Murphy, Jack W McHugh, Ryan B Khodadadi, Omar M Abu Saleh","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae373","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciae373","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":"80 1","pages":"219-222"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143255036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reasons Against Routine Determination of Plasma Trough Levels in People With HIV Treated With Intramuscular Long Acting Cabotegravir and Rilpivirine as of Today.","authors":"Luis Buzón-Martín, Jesus Troya","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae141","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae141","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"230-231"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Effectiveness of Double-Dose Dolutegravir in People Receiving Rifampin-based Tuberculosis Treatment: An Observational, Cohort Study of People With HIV From 6 Countries.","authors":"N Sarita Shah, Cissy Kityo, Michael D Hughes, Caitlyn McCarthy, Carole L Wallis, Mina C Hosseinipour, Deborah Langat, Mulinda Nyirenda, Mohammed Rassool, Rodney Dawson, Yvetot Joseph, Fatma Some, Rosie Mngqibisa, Pamela Grace Mukwekwerere, Elizabeth Woolley, Catherine Godfrey, Yukari C Manabe, John W Mellors, Charles Flexner, Gary Maartens","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae269","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae269","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Tenofovir-lamivudine-dolutegravir (TLD) is the preferred first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen. An additional 50-mg dose of dolutegravir (TLD+50) is required with rifampin-containing tuberculosis (TB) co-treatment. There are limited data on the effectiveness of TLD+50 in individuals with TB/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>We performed a prospective, observational cohort study at 12 sites in Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. Participants starting TLD and rifampin-containing TB treatment were eligible. The primary outcome was HIV-1 RNA ≤1000 copies/mL at end of TB treatment.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We enrolled 91 participants with TB/HIV: 75 (82%) ART-naive participants starting TLD after a median 15 days on TB treatment, 10 (11%) ART-naive participants starting TLD and TB treatment, 5 (5%) starting TB treatment after a median 3.3 years on TLD, and 1 (1%) starting TB treatment and TLD after changing from efavirenz-lamivudine-tenofovir. Median age was 37 years, 35% were female, the median CD4 count was 120 cells/mm3 (interquartile range, 50-295), and 87% had HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL. Among 89 surviving participants, 80 were followed to TB treatment completion, including 7 who had no HIV-1 RNA result due to missed visits. The primary virologic outcome was assessed in 73 participants, 69 of whom (95%; 95% confidence interval, 89%-100%) had HIV-1 RNA ≤1000 copies/mL. No dolutegravir resistance mutations were detected among 4 participants with HIV-1 RNA >1000 copies/mL.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In programmatic settings, concurrent rifampin-containing TB treatment and TLD+50 was feasible, well tolerated, and achieved high viral suppression rates in a cohort of predominantly ART-naive people with TB/HIV.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"137-143"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140915911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Assessing the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine Immunization Schedule Change From 3+0 to 2+1 in Australian Children: A Retrospective Observational Study.","authors":"Sanjay Jayasinghe, Phoebe C M Williams, Kristine K Macartney, Nigel W Crawford, Christopher C Blyth","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae377","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae377","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>In mid-2018, the Australian childhood 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine schedule changed from 3+0 to 2+1, moving the third dose to 12 months of age, to address increasing breakthrough cases of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), predominantly in children aged >12 months. This study assessed the impact of this change using national IPD surveillance data.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Pre- and postschedule change 3-dose 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine breakthrough cases were compared by age group, serotype, and clinical syndrome. Annual rates of breakthrough cases were calculated (per 100 000) using respective birth cohort sizes and 3-dose vaccine coverage. Using time-series modelling, observed IPD rates in children aged <12 years were compared to that expected if the 3+0 schedule were continued.</p><p><strong>Findings: </strong>Over 2012-2022, rate of 3-dose breakthrough cases in children aged >12 months was 2.8 per 100 000 (n = 557; 11 birth cohorts). Serotype 3 replaced 19A as predominant breakthrough serotype (respectively, 24% and 65% in 2013 to 60% and 20% in 2022) followed by 19F. In breakthrough cases, the most frequent clinical phenotype was bacteremic pneumonia (69%), with meningitis accounting for 3%-4%. In cohorts eligible for 2+1 versus 3+0 schedules, rate of breakthrough cases was lower for all vaccine serotypes, except type 3 (incidence rate ratio, 0.50 [95% confidence interval, .28-.84] and 1.12 [0.71-1.76], respectively). Observed compared to expected IPD was 51.7% lower (95% confidence interval, -60.9 to -40.7%) for vaccine serotypes, but the change for nonvaccine types was not significant 12% (-9.6 to 39.7).</p><p><strong>Interpretations: </strong>The 2+1 schedule is likely superior to 3+0 for overall IPD control, a finding that may be worth consideration for other countries considering or using 3+0 PCV schedules.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"207-214"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141975273","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reply to Buzón-Martín and Troya.","authors":"Berend J Van Welzen, David Burger, Annemarie M J Wensing","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae142","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae142","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"231-232"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140118969","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fosfomycin as a Potential Therapeutic Option in Nonsevere Infections Caused by Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales: Need for Evidence.","authors":"Marco Falcone, Giusy Tiseo","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae197","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae197","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":"237-238"},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140897587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coronavirus Disease 2019 Antiviral Medication Use Among Pregnant and Recently Pregnant US Outpatients.","authors":"Annette K Regan, Stacey L Rowe, Sheena G Sullivan, Matthew M Coates, Flor M Muñoz, Onyebuchi A Arah","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciae580","DOIUrl":"10.1093/cid/ciae580","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Pregnant people are at risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and associated complications. While withholding treatment from pregnant patients is not recommended, little is known about the frequency of antiviral medication use during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Using Medicaid and commercial insurance databases, we constructed a national claims-based cohort study of pregnant, recently pregnant, and nonpregnant female patients 18-49 years old with an outpatient diagnosis of COVID-19 between 21 December 2021 and 30 September 2022. Outpatient treatment with a recommended antiviral medication was identified within 5 days of diagnosis, using national drug codes in outpatient prescription drug claims. Propensity score-matched prevalence ratios (PRs) were used to compare antiviral treatment by pregnancy status.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 412 755 publicly and privately insured patients with COVID-19 were identified, including 33 855 currently pregnant, 2460 recently pregnant, and 376 440 nonpregnant female patients; 6.8% had a record of antiviral medication use, including 1.3% of pregnant, 5.4% of recently pregnant, and 7.3% of nonpregnant women. Most commonly ritonavir-boosted nirmatrelvir was administered. The prevalence of antiviral medication use was 67% lower among pregnant patients compared with nonpregnant patients (PR, 0.33 [95% confidence interval, .30-.36]), even among patients with ≥1 high-risk medical condition (0.29 [.25-.33]). Antiviral medication use was slightly lower among recently pregnant women with ≥1 high-risk medical condition than among nonpregnant women with similar conditions (PR, 0.57; [95% confidence interval, .44-.72]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Despite US clinical guidelines, we observed low rates of outpatient treatment for COVID-19 among pregnant patients, indicating possible missed opportunities to treat COVID-19 illness during pregnancy and lactation.</p>","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Here's to a Future Beyond Reconstructive Surgery for Pelvic Osteomyelitis.","authors":"Said El Zein, Matthew M Melin, Gina A Suh, N V Tran, Peter S Rose, Elie F Berbari","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf051","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Correction to: NAT2 Slow Acetylator Phenotype as a Significant Risk Factor for Hepatotoxicity Caused by Antituberculosis Drugs: Results From a Multiethnic Nested Case-Control Study.","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/cid/ciaf011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciaf011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":10463,"journal":{"name":"Clinical Infectious Diseases","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":8.2,"publicationDate":"2025-02-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143188533","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}